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Joan Miró
Artist，Painter(1893.4.20—1983.12.25)
1893年在戈雅与毕加索的西班牙的巴塞罗那出生，父亲是一位金匠和珠宝商。母亲出身于细木匠家庭。或许是由于父母两个家庭传统技能、工艺设计的影响，米罗自小就想成为一个艺术家。但他性格内向，腼腆寡言，他的父母并不以为他会有很大出息。在1907年，他们把他送进巴塞罗那美术学校学习。然而，少年米罗给学校教员的印象是“罕见的愚莽”。后来他从美术学校退学。出于对家庭的责任，米罗1910年时当上一名商业职员。
Joan Miró i Ferrà (Catalan: [ʒuˈan miˈɾo]; 20 April 1893 – 25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist born in Barcelona. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundació Joan Miró, was established in his native city of Barcelona in 1975, and another, the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró, was established in his adoptive city of Palma de Mallorca in 1981.
Joan Miro：Art is finding yourself
关于夏季这个难熬的冗长的季节，总是充满奇遇，热情暖调，某个雨后的黄昏，充满未知的遐想，有米罗的作品，给与了我长期的期待，木讷呆板的憨憨米罗早年接触过梵高、马蒂斯、毕加索、卢梭等人的作品，也尝试过野兽派、立体派、达达派的表现手法，在探索试水中逐步形成了自己的超现实主义艺术风格。他的画中往往没有什么明确具体的形，而只有一些线条、一些形的胚胎、一些类似于儿童涂鸦期的偶得形状。颜色非常简单，红、黄、绿、蓝、黑、白，在画面上被平涂成一个个的色块，却充满了隐喻、幽默、轻快，并且富有诗意。Location: Folkwang Museum, Essen, GermanyEarning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride. In numerous interviews dating from the 1930s onwards, Miró expressed contempt for conventional painting methods as a way of supporting bourgeois society, and famously declared an "assassination of painting" in favour of upsetting the visual elements of established painting.Installation view of Calder | Miró Constellations at Acquavella Galleries in collaboration with the Pace GalleryHead of a Catalan Peasant
米罗的艺术是自由而抒情的。他的画中往往没有什么明确具体的形，而只有一些线条、一些形的胚胎、一些类似于儿童涂鸦期的偶得形状。颜色非常简单，红、黄、绿、蓝、黑、白，在画面上被平涂成一个个的色块。看起来，这些画自由、轻快、无拘无束。但是，如果你认为它们是漫不经心一蹴而就的，那你就错了。它们其实是艺术家自由幻想和深思熟虑相结合的结果。正如米罗自己所述，“当我画时，画在我的笔下会开始自述，或者暗示自己，在我工作时，形式变成了一个女人或一只鸟儿的符号……第一个阶段是自由的，潜意识的。”但是，“第二阶段则是小心盘算。”因此，尽管米罗的画天真单纯，仿佛出自儿童之手，但它们绝没有儿童画的稚拙感，它们是缜密思考后的流畅活泼。Ciphers and Constellations in Love with a WomanGouache and watercolor with traces of graphite on ivory wove paper The Art Institute of Chicago; Gift of Mrs. Gilbert W. Chapman (1953.338)Photo: The Art Institute of Chicago /Art Resource, NYAlexander Calder, Constellation, 1943Courtesy Calder Foundation, New YorkPhotograph by Tom Powel ImagingChiffres et constellations amoureux d’une femme (Ciphers and Constellations in Love with a Woman), 1941The Art Institute of Chicago; Gift of Mrs. Gilbert W. Chapman (1953.338)Le Bel oiseau déchiffrant l'inconnu au couple d'amoureux The Museum of Modern Art, New York;Figure at Night Guided by the Phosphorescent Tracks of SnailsLocation: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City, NY, US米罗的艺术，并不在于他的肖像画或绘画结构，而是他的作品有幻想的幽默——这是其中一个要素。另一个就是，米罗的空想世界非常生动。他的有机物和野兽，甚至他那无生命的物体，都有一种热情的活力，使我们觉得比我们日常所见更为真实。他的画以华丽的色彩和简单大胆的图案构成而闻名。在他的版画作品中，常常出现太阳、月亮、星星、人物、风景、鸟兽以及奇妙的记号，画面鲜艳、轻快而活泼。Blue I, II, III is a triptych created in 1961. It is a set of three-part display abstract oil paintings by the Spanish modern artist Joan Miró. The paintings are named Blue I, Blue II, Blue III and are similar. All are large paintings of 355 cm x 270 cm each, and are currently owned by the Musée National d'Art Moderne in the Centre Pompidou in Paris.![]()
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The three blue paintings have to be regarded as one. Seen separately, nothing much seems to be happening on them. Set against subdue surfaces in different shades of blue, Miro distributed a very small number of precise symbols - black dots with either sharp or blurred contours, thin lines drifting diagonally through the picture, and finally some sharp red contrasts, partly as blurred spots and partly as sturdy beams. These few symbols, however, are sufficient to make the blue space pulsate and vibrate, turning it into an unfathomable depth so that the viewer's glance wanders about and eventually becomes totally absorbed by the forcefulness of the blue surface.。![]()
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The quality of the Blue is unique. It is reminiscent of Miro's Dream Paintings of the 1920s, though those are even more complex and intricate. Should there ever be a history of the colour blue - as the poet Rilke once suggested after he had been inspired by landscapes of Paul Cezanne - then Miro's triptychs would undoubtedly form part of it. The large modulations of this colour have been applied with an amazing degree of sensitivity so that the pigment is no longer noticeable at all. This makes it a spiritual colour, in keeping with Romantic colour symbolism - a symbol of the inner and cosmic night, of artistic creation and of spiritual purity, a blue which is also the colour of dreams. It is one of Miro's masterly achievements that he enlivened this colour with only a small number of symbols and opened up the vast infinity of imagination.
他的艺术代表了超现实主义的另一种风格，其超现实主义作品主题来源于记忆和梦境，即有机的超现实主义。带有怪异和幽默的特征，包括扭曲的形体和古怪的几何结构。他企图要毁灭理性和逻辑的主宰，把无意识和非逻辑心灵的冲力从中解放出来，且探测不可见领域和视觉世界的奥秘。米罗后来把形体和结构抽象为点、线和爆发的色彩。米罗的作品是令人愉快的，其画面洋溢着自由天真的气息，往往人见人爱。"The Ear of Grain" is an early work in which Miró demonstrates his close study of everyday objects, in some ways a by-product of study in a traditional academic setting. As a young artist, Miró was influenced by the painstaking, detailed realism of the Dutch Masters. The attention he gives to objects is reflected later in the care Miró takes with constructing the clean-edged, biomorphic forms of his trademark style.《谷穗》是他早期的作品，其中Miró展示了他对日常物品的细致研究，在某种程度上，这是在传统学术环境下研究的副产品。作为一名年轻的艺术家，Miró受到了荷兰大师们苦心创作、细致入微的现实主义的影响。他对物体的关注后来反映在Miró在构建其标志性风格的边缘清晰的生物形态时所采取的关注。Man and Woman in Front of a Pile of Excrement
Location: Joan Miró Foundation, Barcelona, Spain米罗是非常多产的，画风始终如一而又多样变化。以至想要一般性地追述一下都十分困难。早期作品受塞尚、梵高和毕加索及野兽派画家的影响，作品或带有极为精雅的色彩和线条的运动，或具有立体主义的作风。1928年他访问了荷兰，受到荷兰少有的几个大师的影响。他制作了一系列的绘画，题名为荷兰的室内，那是从真实到幻想变形的实例。
除绘画外，米罗也涉足其他领域，如蚀刻、平版画、水彩、蜡笔、拼贴画等。他的陶瓷雕刻作品尤其著名，例如巴黎联合国教科文组织大楼的两件巨大的陶瓷壁画，即1957年到1959年间创作的两项陶壁作品——太阳和月亮之壁。
Woman and Bird
Joan Miro
Original Title: Dona i Ocell
Date: 1983
Style: Surrealism
Genre: sculpture
Location: Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (MACBA), Barcelona, Spain
Hope of a Condemned Man II
Joan Miro
Date: 1974
Style: Abstract Expressionism
Genre: abstract
Hope of a Condemned Man III
Joan Miro
Date: 1974
Style: Abstract Expressionism
Genre: abstract
Hope of a Condemned Man I
Joan Miro
Date: 1974
Style: Abstract Expressionism
Genre: abstract
Woman and Bird in the NightMedia: gouache, indian ink, paperLocation: Joan Miró Foundation, Barcelona, SpainDonna (Wall)
Joan Miro
Original Title: Dona (Mural)
Date: 1977
Style: Abstract Expressionism, Surrealism
Genre: abstract
Carota
Joan Miro
Date: c.1978
Style: Abstract Expressionism, Surrealism
Genre: abstract
Les adieux
Joan Miro
Date: 1981
Style: Surrealism
Genre: abstract
Sol de Miró
Joan Miro
Original Title: logo for Spain’s tourist industry
Date: 1983
Style: Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism
Miro once said: In my opinion, mastering freedom means mastering simplicity. Then, at most, a line, a color, is enough to make the picture.The Singing Fish is instantly recognizable as the work of Miro, combining highly abstract shapes to represent the artist's imagination. The key focal point in this painting is the head of the fish which looks out to the top left of the canvas, with its eye represented by two abstract circles.The Singing Fish is characterized by the use of a few pure tones (namely black and red), big simple forms and exceptional laconism in combination with the energy of poetic expression. This painting has a childlike simplicity and playfulness to it. Miro sought essential pictorial vocabulary in primitive sources, particularly prehistoric cave paintings of his native Spain. He used signs and symbols, composed of basic linear ingredients.《加泰隆风景》中的幻想，虽然神秘但很生动。在画中，黄色和橙黄的两块平面，相交于一条曲线。猎人和猎物都画成几何的线条和形状。一些不可思议的物体散置在大地上，有些可以辨认，有些好象暗示海上的生物或显微镜下的生物。1920年代末至1930年代初，米罗开始探讨拼贴和装配，并创作了一些怪人物。这些探索一直又继续搞了十年。这个时期给人印象最深刻的作品，就是1933年的大型组画，到此时为止，这也是最抽象的作品。有一些是以拼贴的要素为基础的，把从报纸上撕下来的真实细部，贴到纸板上。母题有工具、家具、碟子和玻璃器皿，暗示他的抽象有机形状，有时是指面部或人体。这些绘画的意图是以抽象为主体，并用中性的标题表现出来。
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