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Abstract
背景回顾:Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the earliest extant species in seed plant phylogeny. Embryo development patterns can provide fundamental evidence for the origin, evolution, and adaptation of seeds.
提出问题:However, the architectural and morphological dynamics during embryogenesis in G. biloba remain elusive.
主要研究:Herein, we obtained over 2,200 visual slices from 3 stages of embryo development using micro-computed tomography imaging with improved staining methods.
结果1-胚胎时空发生模式:Based on 3-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal pattern analysis, we found that a shoot apical meristem with 7 highly differentiated leaf primordia, including apical and axillary leaf buds, is present in mature Ginkgo embryos. 3D rendering from the front, top, and side views showed 2 separate transport systems of tracheids located in the hypocotyl and cotyledon, representing a unique pattern of embryogenesis. Furthermore, the morphological dynamic analysis of secretory cavities indicated their strong association with cotyledons during development.
结果2-关键基因/物质鉴定:In addition, we identified genes GbLBD25a (lateral organ boundaries domain 25a), GbCESA2a (cellulose synthase 2a), GbMYB74c (myeloblastosis 74c), GbPIN2 (PIN-FORMED 2) associated with vascular development regulation, and GbWRKY1 (WRKYGOK 1), GbbHLH12a (basic helix–loop–helix 12a), and GbJAZ4 (jasmonate zim-domain 4) potentially involved in the formation of secretory cavities. Moreover, we found that flavonoid accumulation in mature embryos could enhance postgerminative growth and seedling establishment in harsh environments.
摘 要
银杏是种子植物系统发育中现存最早的物种之一。胚胎发育模式可以为种子的起源、演化和适应提供基础性证据。然而,银杏胚胎发生中的结构和形态动态仍不清楚。本文中,作者通过使用改良版染色方法,并结合显微计算机断层成像技术,获取了2200多张银杏胚胎3个发育阶段的切片。基于三维时空模式分析,作者发现成熟的银杏胚胎中存在一个由包括了顶芽和腋芽在内的7个高度分化的叶原基组成的茎尖分生组织。正面、顶部和侧面的3D渲染显示,位于下胚轴和子叶的管胞存在着2个独立的转运系统,代表了一种独特的胚胎发生模式。另外,分泌腔的形态动态显示,其在发育过程中与子叶密切相关。此外,作者还发现GbLBD25a、GbCESA2a、GbMYB74c以及GbPIN2基因与维管发育调控有关,而GbWRKY1、GbbHLH12a以及GbJAZ4基因可能与分泌腔的形成有关。另外,作者发现银杏成熟胚胎中黄酮类化合物的积累能够促进恶劣环境下种子萌发后的生长以及幼苗的建立。本文报道的三维空间重建技术能够与多组学技术相结合,为研究胚胎发生过程中的发育结构和分子机制开辟了新的途径,同时也为胚胎发育和成熟的演化研究奠定了坚实的基础。
北京林业大学林金星教授、扬州大学王莉教授和北京林业大学青年教师张曦为本文共同通讯作者,马灵玉博士和在读博士生胡子建为本文共同第一作者。该研究得到了北京市自然科学基金(5232016)、国家自然科学基金(32000558、32030010和32072610)、国家科技创新2030-重大专项(2022ZD0401605和2023ZD0405905)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BLX202116和QNTD202301)以及高等学校学科创新引智计划(111项目,B13007)的联合资助。
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