政府数字采购能否促进企业对外直接投资？
学术
财经
2024-11-19 08:30
上海
政府数字采购能否促进企业对外直接投资？
Can Government Digital Procurement Promote the Outward Foreign Direct Investment of Enterprises?
《外国经济与管理》2024年46卷第11期 页码：3-19 online：2024年11月20日
中：谭伟杰1 , 申明浩2 , 刘奕岍3
英：Tan Weijie1 , Shen Minghao2 , Liu Yiqian3
作者单位：1.上海财经大学 公共经济与管理学院, 上海 200433; 2.广东外语外贸大学 粤港澳大湾区研究院, 广东 广州 510420; 3.广东外语外贸大学 经济与贸易学院, 广东 广州 510420
摘要：政府何以推动对外直接投资的量质齐升是实现高水平对外开放的重要议题。企业参与数字基础设施和数字政务服务建设等政府数字采购项目，由此产生的数字化赋能效果可能成为企业“走出去”的新优势。鉴于此，本文使用文本大数据和机器学习方法，从近65万条政府采购文本信息中筛选并构建出政府数字采购指标，以此探究政府数字采购对企业对外直接投资的赋能作用。研究发现，政府数字采购支持显著促进了企业对外直接投资，且主要通过促进企业数字化转型、缓解企业融资约束以及改善企业声誉形象三条路径实现。异质性分析表明，对于民营企业、开展市场或技术寻求型对外投资的企业、战略性新兴产业企业和中心城市企业，政府数字采购能发挥更有效的对外投资激励作用。基于国内外双循环新发展观的拓展性分析发现，中心城市数字采购产生的需求外溢能加速数据要素和数字资源在“国内大循环”中的畅通流动，推动外围城市和中心城市在“国际外循环”中的协调并进。文章结论不仅为政府支持政策的对外投资效应提供了新的经验证据，而且为政府以政策支持塑造我国企业“走出去”的核心优势、以需求引导构建国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局提供了重要参考。
关键词：政府数字采购；企业对外直接投资；数字化转型；双循环
Summary: How the government promotes the simultaneous increase in the quantity and quality of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is a significant issue in promoting a higher level of opening up. The digital enabling effect generated by enterprises participating in government digital procurement projects such as the construction of digital infrastructure and digital government, may become a new advantage for enterprises to “go global”. In view of this, this paper employs text analysis and machine learning methods to screen and construct government digital procurement indicators from nearly 650,000 pieces of government procurement text information, to examine the enabling effect of government digital procurement on enterprise OFDI. The study finds that government digital procurement significantly promotes enterprise OFDI mainly through three pathways: facilitating digital transformation, alleviating financing constraints, and improving corporater eputation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that government digital procurement plays a more effective role in stimulating OFDI for private enterprises, enterprises conducting market-seeking or technology-seeking outward investment, enterprises in the strategic emerging industry, and enterprises in the central city. Based on the expansion analysis of the new development concept of dual circulation at home and abroad, it is found that the demand spillover generated by digital procurement in central cities can accelerate the smooth flow of data elements and digital resources in the “domestic circulation”, and promote the coordinated progress of peripheral cities and central cities in the “international circulation”. This paper not only provides new empirical evidence for the outward investment effect of government support policies, but also offers important references for the government to shape core advantages of Chinese enterprises to “go global” with policy support, and guide the construction of a new development paradigm of dual circulation reinforcing each other with demand.
Key words:government digital procurement; enterprise OFDI; digital transformation; dual circulation
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20240331.202
收稿日期：2023-09-27
基金项目：粤港澳大湾区数据要素跨境流动路径研究（21&ZD123）；上海财经大学研究生创新基金（CXJJ-2024-334）；广东外语外贸大学研究生科研创新项目（24GWCXXM-024）
