LYRICS
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
大家好。这里是BBC六分钟英语。我是Neil。我是Beth。
Nowadays, it's popular to find out more about your family history by tracing your family tree – a diagram that shows all the members of a family over a long period of time. What do you know about your family history, Beth?
如今，通过追溯家谱来了解更多有关家族历史的信息是一种流行的做法——家谱是一张显示一个家族在很长一段时间内所有成员的图表。你对您的家族历史了解多少，Beth？
Well, my Mum actually did our family tree, and she found a lot of our ancestors had emigrated to the United States. But, yeah, I don't know much more than that. What about you?
我妈妈实际上做了我们的家谱，她发现我们的许多祖先已经移民到美国。但是我知道的不多。你呢？
Well, I'm lucky to have an unusual surname, so it's quite easy to trace my ancestors and somebody in my family has gone back to 1700 and found somebody with my name.
我很幸运有一个不寻常的姓氏，所以追溯我的祖先很容易，我家里有人追溯到1700年，找到了一个和我同名的人。
Wow, that's amazing. Well, the internet has made it easier to find the historical records needed to research your ancestry - the origins of your family.
哇，这太神奇了。互联网使查找研究祖先所需的历史记录（家族起源）变得更加容易。
But what if you want to find out about a time before historical records began? Luckily, some companies now offer to trace your ancestry using DNA.
但是，如果您想了解历史记录开始之前的某个时间，该怎么办？幸运的是，现在有些公司提供使用DNA追溯祖先的服务。
DNA is the cellular information that's passed down from parents to children telling the body how to create life. Listener, Chris, from the UK, recently took a DNA ancestry test.
DNA是从父母传给孩子的细胞信息，告诉身体如何创造生命。来自英国的听众克里斯最近做了一次DNA祖先测试。
When the test returned some unexpected results, Chris called BBC Radio 4 programme, Sliced Bread, wondering how accurate they really were:
当测试返回一些意想不到的结果时，克里斯打电话给BBC Radio 4节目Sliced Bread，想知道它们的准确性：
Not so long ago I sent off a home DNA testing kit and the results that came back were broadly in line with expectations, but it had some little glitches in there which made me think, is this accurate? Or is it to be taken with a pinch of salt?
不久前，我寄出了一个家庭DNA测试套件，返回的结果大致符合预期，但其中有一些小问题，这让我不禁想，这是准确的吗？还是要谨慎对待？
Chris wondered whether his results were accurate, or whether to take them with a pinch of salt, an idiom meaning to doubt something is completely true.
克里斯想知道他的结果是否准确，或者是否要谨慎对待，to take them with a pinch of salt是一个成语，意思是怀疑某事是否完全正确。
So, in this programme we'll discuss how accurate DNA ancestry tracing is, and, as usual, we'll learn some useful new words and phrases.
在本节目中，我们将讨论DNA祖先追踪的准确性，并且像往常一样，我们将学习一些有用的新单词和短语。
And remember, you can find all the vocabulary for this programme on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
请记住，您可以在我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com上找到本节目的所有词汇。
First though, I have a question for you, Beth. One reason to be cautious about DNA ancestry tests is that humans are very similar to each other.
不过，首先，我有一个问题要问您，Beth。谨慎对待DNA祖先测试的一个原因是，人类彼此非常相似。
Most of your DNA is identical with every other person on earth, and it's only the tiny amount of difference that accounts for all genetic variations between humans.
您的大部分DNA与地球上的其他人相同，只有微小的差异才能解释人类之间的所有遗传变异。
So, exactly how much DNA do humans share with each other? Is it: a) 79.9%? b) 89.9%?, or c) 99.9%? I am going to guess 99.9%.
那么，人类之间到底有多少DNA是相同的？是：a)79.9%？b)89.9%？还是c)99.9%？我猜是99.9%。
OK. well we'll find out the answer later in the programme. Another problem for research based on DNA is agreeing on the meaning of words like 'ancestry' and 'ethnicity'.
好的。我们将在节目后期揭晓答案。基于DNA研究的另一个问题是就“ancestry”和“ethnicity”等词的含义达成一致。
Here, genealogist, Louise Baldock explains the difference between these words to BBC Radio 4 programme, 'Sliced Bread':
家谱学家Louise Baldock向BBC Radio 4节目“Sliced Bread”解释了这些词之间的区别：
So 'ancestry' is really about people, it's about your actual forebears. Your 'ethnicity',you would probably think of in geographical terms, maybe which continent or which region your 'people' came from.
“ancestry”实际上是关于人的，是关于你的实际祖先的。至于“ethnicity”，你可能会从地理角度来考虑，也许是你的“people”来自哪个大陆或哪个地区。
Like 'ancestors', the term forebears means actual people - the relatives in your family from a long time ago.
和“ancestors”一样，“forebears”一词也意味着实际的人——很久以前你家里的亲戚。
But Louise is more interested in the term, ethnicity – the shared culture, language and traditions of a group of people – and this is closely connected to a geographical location.
但Louise更感兴趣的是“ethnicity”这个词——一群人的共同文化、语言和传统——这与地理位置密切相关。
And it's this question of geography which interested BBC presenter, Greg Foot. Greg sent DNA samples to two different companies.
正是这个地理问题引起了BBC主持人Greg Foot的兴趣。Greg将DNA样本寄给了两家不同的公司。
The results from the first company matched what he already knew about his family, that the past five generations came from England.
第一家公司的结果与他已知的家族信息相符，即过去五代人来自英格兰。
But listen to what happens when Louise Baldock revealed the results of Greg's second DNA test on his BBC Radio 4 show, Sliced Bread:
但是，当Louise Baldock在BBC Radio 4节目Sliced Bread中透露Greg的第二次DNA测试结果时，请听听发生了什么：
It's going to blow your mind! [OK]. Can I tell you what you're looking at? Yes, please do.
这会让你大吃一惊！。我可以告诉你你在看什么吗？是的，请告诉我。
It says that you are, first of all, 66% north and west Europe, but explicitly that doesn't refer to the United Kingdom.
上面说，首先，你有66%的北欧和西欧血统，但明确指出这并不指英国。
OK, that's a wide geographical area. 27.5% Irish, Scottish and Welsh, but again, explicitly not English.
这是一个广泛的地理区域。27.5%的爱尔兰人、苏格兰人和威尔士人，但同样，明确不是英国人。
The second company's DNA test blows Greg's mind – it makes him very excited and surprised. There's no evidence of his ancestors being English at all!
第二家公司的DNA测试让Greg大吃一惊——这让他非常兴奋和惊讶。根本没有证据表明他的祖先是英国人！
Actually, companies compare DNA with other samples in their database, and since companies use different databases, it's not too surprising that Greg's results were so different – unlike his actual DNA.
实际上，公司会将DNA与其数据库中的其他样本进行比较，由于公司使用不同的数据库，因此Greg的结果如此不同也就不足为奇了——与他的实际DNA不同。
Speaking of which, what was the answer to your question, Neil? I asked you what percentage of human DNA is shared by everyone, and what was your answer, Beth? I said 99.9%.
说到这个，Neil，你问题的答案是什么？我问你每个人共享的人类DNA百分比是多少，你回答的是什么，贝丝？我说的是99.9%。
Well, you must be very clever, because the answer is correct. Well done! Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting with family tree, a diagram showing all the members of a family
你一定很聪明，因为答案是正确的。做得好！让我们回顾一下我们学过的词汇，从family tree开始，family tree是显示一个家庭所有成员的图表
Ancestry refers to the origins of a family. If you take something with a pinch of salt, you don't believe it's completely true. Forebears are relatives who lived in the past.
Ancestry是指一个家庭的起源。如果你take something with a pinch of salt，你就不会相信它是完全正确的。Forebears是过去存在的亲戚。
Ethnicity means the social, cultural and linguistic characteristics shared by a group of people. And finally, if something blows your mind, it makes you excited or surprised.
Ethnicity是指一群人共享的社会、文化和语言特征。最后，如果something blows your mind，它会让你兴奋或惊讶。
Once again our six minutes are up, but why not head over to the BBC Learning English website where you'll find a worksheet and quiz especially for this programme. See you there soon! Goodbye!
六分钟时间又到了，但为什么不去BBC学习英语网站呢，在那里你可以找到专门为这个节目准备的活页练习题和测验。很快再见！再见！
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