【猪译馆】丹系猪营养标准2023，第33版（下）

科技 2023-09-23 23:32 湖北

译者的话：

“甲之甘饴，乙之毒药”，国内养猪界虽然早就过了用青菜地瓜饲喂良种猪的阶段，但对与不同品系猪只的营养需求认知或者标准尚有待于明晰，仍有不少从业人员认为不同品系的良种猪的营养需求差不多，或者认为法系猪营养标准可替代丹系猪的营养需求，抑或丹系营养标准可替代美系猪的营养标准。实际生产结果已证实：对于全球遗传性能表现最优品系之一的丹系，随随便便的营养标准或者随随便便的饲喂程序，就会毫无意外地呈现出一个随随便便的遗传结果。对于我们这些不随便的丹系饲养人，《丹系猪营养标准2023-第33版》就是肘后良方。

机构：丹麦养猪研究中心

INSTITUTION: SEGES DANISH PIG RESEARCH CENTRE

作者：AUTHORS:

Per Tybirk

Niels Morten Sloth

Karoline Blaabjerg

丹系猪营养标准2023，第33版（下）

DANISH NUTRIENT STANDARDS 2023, 33^rd Edition - Part 2

氨基酸、蛋白和常量元素-母猪和后备母猪

Amino acids, protein and macro minerals – sows and gilts

母猪和后备母猪的氨基酸、蛋白和常量元素标准见表4。

The standards for amino acids, protein and macro minerals for sows and gilts are shown in table 4.

我们建议后备母猪日粮中蛋白和氨基酸的含量要低于育肥猪的日粮含量，以防止后备母猪长得太胖，同时确保它们合理的背膘厚度。钙和磷的含量标准是为了达到最大化的骨矿物质沉积。

It is recommended that gilt feed contains less protein and amino acids than finisher feed to prevent gilts from becoming too fat and to ensure that they develop sufficient back fat. Calcium and phosphorus are expected to generate maximum bone mineral deposition.

配种舍的母猪和后备母猪以及妊娠母猪的营养标准的是喂了达到最佳的生产水平和骨骼强度。在窝产仔数较高的猪群/猪场中，哺乳母猪的营养标准是经济上最优的。

The standards for sows and gilts in the service unit and for gestating sows are expected to generate maximum productivity and bone strength. The standards for lactating sows are estimated to be the economic optimum in herds with a high litter gain.

对于妊娠母猪日粮来说，如果每天只喂一次，则日粮中游离赖氨酸最多占可消化赖氨酸的30%，因为每天只喂一次时，游离氨基酸的利用率随着其含量的增加而降低。如果母猪一天饲喂两次或多次，游离赖氨酸的含量高并不构成问题。当使用最低蛋白标准时，其他氨基酸中游离氨基酸的比例很少能达到30%。

In feed for gestating sows, it is recommended that free lysine constitute max 30% of digestible lysine if the pigs are fed only once a day, as the utilization of free amino acids drops as inclusion rate increases when pigs are only fed once a day. If the pigs are fed twice or several times a day, a high inclusion of free lysine does not constitute a problem. Other amino acids rarely reach 30% free amino acid when the minimum standards for protein are being met.

表4：营养标准-母猪和后备母猪(括号表示可以使用，但不是最佳建议)。

Table 4. Nutrient standards – sows and gilts (parenthesis: possible use, but not primary recommendation).

*后备母猪的可消化氨基酸含量为每饲料单位6.0克，相当于哺乳期日粮的氨基酸含量，在产房期间可作为过渡日粮。

Amino acid profile for gilts at 6.0 g digestible per FUsow is here equal to lactation profile to allow for possible use as a transition diet in the farrowing unit.

**若每天饲喂一次，则游离赖氨酸的含量不超过30%，每天只饲喂一次时，游离氨基酸不能充分利用。

Of this, max 30% free lysine with one daily feeding as free amino acids are not fully utilized with only one daily feeding.

维生素和微量元素

Vitamins and micro minerals

表5：维生素和微量元素标准—所有阶段的猪

Table 5. Vitamin and micro mineral standards – all pigs.

*维生素D的活性成分是25-OH D3维生素。维生素D可以作为普通维生素D3(胆钙化醇)或25-OH维生素D3 (HyD®)添加到饲料中。1微克HyD®相当于40 i.u.维生素D3。

* The active part of vitamin D is 25-OH D3 vitamin. Vitamin D can be added to feed either as regular vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or as 25-OH D3 vitamin (HyD®). 1 microgram HyD® corresponds to 40 i.u. vitamin D3.

**其中至少100毫克的易溶铁盐

** Of this min. 100 mg easily soluble iron salt

***每饲料单位约含30毫克天然锌，所以添加量比标准低30毫克。因此，如果育肥猪日粮中最少含有200%植酸酶，则每饲料单位只需添加40毫克锌。

*** Feed contains approx. 30 mg natural zinc per FUgp, which is why the added dose is 30 mg lower than the standard. Consequently, if finisher feed contains minimum 200% phytase, only 40 mg zinc per FUgp is added.

****如果饲料中油菜籽产品含量超过10% (> 1.5 mmol硫代葡萄糖苷/kg)，建议碘的添加量增加50%.

****If the feed contains more than 10% rapeseed product (> 1.5 mmol glucosinlates/kg), it is recommended to increase iodine by 50%.

*****根据丹麦饲料法，每公斤全价日粮中硒含量不能超过0.5毫克。根据日粮的组成，这意味着每饲料单位中可添加0.2-0.35毫克硒。

***** According to the Danish Feedstuff Act, diets must not contain more than 0.5 mg selenium per kg complete diet. Depending on the composition of the diet, this means that it is allowed to add 0.2-0.35 mg selenium per feed unit.

植酸酶和指导最低总磷含量

Phytase and guiding minimum content of total-phosphorus

大多数植酸酶产品都用同样的官方方法记录，即pH为5.5时的活性。Optiphos是一个例外，因为这个产品的记录时间和酶浓度有所不同。因为植酸酶必须在pH值为3.0-4.5时才能在胃中发挥作用，因此，决定植酸酶在猪体内发挥作用的是在该pH值下记录的活性，以及对猪体内酶的抗性和其他酶的特性。表6显示了在何种水平上，相关酶可产生相同的效果，只要饲料中含有规定量的植酸酶（包括制粒后），就可以在丹麦植酸酶分析系统中同样使用这些酶。

Most phytase products are recorded with the same official method where the activity is recorded at pH 5.5. Optiphos is the exception as this product has other times and enzyme concentrations in the manufacturer’s original method where the result is shown as OUT. As phytase must work in the stomach at pH 3.0-4.5, in particular, it is the activity recorded at this pH combined with resistance to the pig’s enzymes and other enzyme traits that determine the effect in the pigs. Table 6 shows at which levels the relevant enzymes generate the same effect, and that can all be equally used in the Danish phytase analysis system as long as the feed contains the stated amount of phytase, also after pelleting.

在这一方面值得注意的是，在颗粒饲料中，分析到的植酸酶含量比添加量多150-300 FTU，因为150-300 FTU谷物植酸酶通常在颗粒过程中存活。相应地，对家庭混合饲料的分析通常会显示植酸酶的含量比添加量多400-800 FTU，因为这是来源于未热处理的谷物植酸酶。问题是，500 FTU谷物植酸酶的效果明显低于500 FTU来自所添加酶的植酸酶，因为在胃的低pH值下，谷物植酸酶的效果并不太好。

In this connection it is important to note that in pelleted feed, analyses should reveal 150-300 FTU more than the amount added as 150-300 FTU grain phytase usually survive the pelleting process. Correspondingly, analyses of home-mixed feed will typically reveal 400-800 FTU more phytase than the amount added as this is the amount of grain phytase that originates from not-heat-treated grain. The challenge here is the fact that 500 FTU grain phytase have a significantly lower effect than 500 FTU phytase from the enzymes added as grain phytase is not as effective in the low pH of the stomach.

表6：不同植酸酶产品中的植酸酶单位；添加量在60 - 400%之间。

Table 6. Phytase units in different phytase products; inclusion rates ranging from 60 to 400%.

1): Ronozyme HiPhos许可最低添加量为500 FYT。

Minimum inclusion allowed of Ronozyme HiPhos is 500 FYT.

2): 需要1250 FYT才能达到100%的效果，但批准的添加量为每公斤饲料1500 - 3000 FYT。

1,250 FYT are required to obtain an effect corresponding to 100%, but the approved inclusion rate is 1,500-3,000 FYT per kg feed.

3): Optiphos在欧盟是根据一种不同的分析方法——OTU得到批准的。在实践中，Optiphos可以用标准方法(FTU/FYT)进行验证，在多个实验室进行的欧盟测试显示，分析的FTU/FYT比公布的量高2.68倍。

Optiphos is approved in the EU according to a different analysis method, the OTU. In practice, Optiphos can be verified with the standard method (FTU/FYT), and an EU test made at multiple laboratories revealed that 2.68 as many analysed FTU/FYT than declared OUT are required.

4): Optiphos在母猪和育肥猪日粮中的最低添加量为125 OTU。断奶猪日粮中的最低添加量为250 OTU(100%)。最大添加量为500 OTU。

Optiphos minimum inclusion in feed for sows and finishers: 125 OTU. Minimum inclusion in feed for weaned pigs: 250 OTU (100%). Max inclusion rate: 500 OTU.

5): Phyzyme在断奶猪和育肥猪的日粮中添加可达1,000 FTU，在母猪日粮中的添加量为500 FTU。

Phyzyme is approved in inclusion rates up to 1,000 FTU in feed for weaned pigs and finishers, and 500 FTU in feed for sows.

6): Axtra Phy最小添加量为250 FTU。

Axtra Phy minimum inclusion: 250 FTU.

7): Quantum Blue在母猪和育肥猪日粮中的最低添加量为250 FTU。在断奶猪日粮中的最低添加量为500 FTU。

Quantum Blue minimum inclusion in feed for sows and finishers: 250 FTU. Minimum inclusion in feed for weaned pigs: 500 FTU.

8): Enzy Phostar不具有耐制粒性，只能用于粉料。

Enzy Phostar is not pelleting-resistant and can only be used in meal feed.

由于无法对饲料中可消化磷的含量进行分析，因此必须以总磷含量为基础进行评估。表7显示了含有植酸酶的日粮中总磷的指导最低含量。

As it is not possible to analyse the content of digestible phosphorus in feed, it must be assessed on the basis of the total content of phosphorus. Table 7 shows the guiding minimum content of total phosphorus in diets containing phytase.

表7：在含有植酸酶的全价日粮中，指导最低总磷含量¹，克/饲料单位。

Table 7. Guiding minimum content of total phosphorus¹ in complete diets with phytase, g per feed unit.

1): 最低推荐标准的先决条件：传统的谷物豆粕型日粮，不含菜籽粕和葵花籽粕，母猪日粮中小麦约占谷物总量的50%，断奶猪和育肥猪日粮中，小麦约占谷物总量的2/3。磷源：磷酸一钙。在其他类型的日粮中，总磷的含量通常需要稍微高一些，才能达到可消化磷的标准。育肥猪日粮最低标准：每饲料单位2.3克可消化磷(>2.75/公斤增重)。

Prerequisites of minimum recommendations: conventional diets based on grain and soybean meal without extracted rapeseed meal and extracted sunflower meal, in which wheat constitutes approx. 50% of the grain in feed for sows and minimum 2/3 of the grain in feed for weaned pigs and finishers. Phosphorus source: monocalcium phosphate. In other types of diets, the content of total phosphorus often needs to be slightly higher to meet the standards for digestible phosphorus. Minimum standard for finisher feed: 2.3 g dig. P per FUgp (>2.75 per kg gain).

2): 不同植酸酶产品的添加量见表7。

Phytase units in different phytase products in different inclusion rates are shown in table 7.

3): 如此低的磷含量是很难达到的，因为即使只使用谷物和豆粕，饲料的天然磷含量通常也比这些数据高——这取决于当年谷物收成时的磷含量。

Such a low level of phosphorus is difficult to reach as the feed’s natural content of phosphorus is usually higher even when only grain and soybean meal are used – depending on P content in the harvest of the year in question.

-完-

-the end-

1.本文由猪译馆杨磊翻译，佟彤编辑，猪译馆享有中文版权，如需转载，请联系我们。

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