用旅行指南回到一百年前的东方大都市

文摘   2024-10-03 15:00   河北  

阅读大约5分钟


继推荐过年鉴、名人录、地图后,这次我们又要推荐一种有趣又有研究价值的文献——旅行手册


如今在准备一次旅程时,人们往往会关注一些博主发布的游记来作为参考。在古代,也有不少这种“博主”和他们的游记,就像人们都知道的徐霞客和他的游记,但这些游记都还算不上旅行手册。


当代最出名的旅行手册是《孤独星球》(Lonely Planet)系列,类似的还有《米其林指南》、《Fodor's Travel》等。这种旅行手册和个人游记不同,它们往往包罗万象,旅行时可以查到当地的很多实用信息,极大程度上照顾到旅行者衣食住行的方方面面。因此,旅行手册实际上为读者准确记录下了某一个时代一个地方的很多真实场景。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=2. 


那么今天,就让我们通过上图中这份一百年前的上海旅行手册,看看老上海的历史,回顾一百年前的上海,领略当时最时髦、最流行的生活方式。


上海旅行指南

这本指南是和几家轮船公司合作发行的,当年也许有不少人正是揣着这份指南踏上他们的第一次上海之行。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=6. 


我们翻开首页看到的就是这张苏州河两岸的老照片,可以看到横跨河面的大桥和繁忙的两岸滩头,以及远处的现代建筑。这些都彰显着上海这座城市的摩登与活力。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=10. 


但你可能很快会被浇上一盆冷水,书中紧接着提示了数个重要的上海旅行注意事项。

小心扒手 

不要喝未经煮沸的水!

不要吃未清洗或未削皮的水果!

由医生接种疫苗!

禁止在虹口地区拍照,最好不要携带相机。

通往虹口的桥夜间关闭
(注:虽然没有明确指出有哪些,但很可能所指的就是四川路桥,外白渡桥等这些著名的桥梁。)

巴士和有轨电车无法直达虹口,需要中间换成日本巴士线路。



The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=12. 


牢记这些1939年的注意事项后,我们就可以跟着这些地名开始上海之旅了,那些有意思的地方包括了交通大学、复旦大学,还有槟榔路(今安远路)上的玉佛寺等。


另外需要牢记心中的是法租界和公租界的急救电话,以备不时之需。


此时上海有很多教堂。比如圣三一堂——专门为英国侨民中的圣公会教徒服务的教堂,也是上海早期最大的哥特式教堂,另外还有东正教的教堂、清真寺等。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=14. 


如果想要去俱乐部消遣,也可以找到属于自己兴趣爱好的那个。


The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=16. 


其中有美国人、德国人、俄国人、意大利人、日本人的俱乐部,还有网球、高尔夫、赛马、保龄球俱乐部等。正如上图所说,这份旅行指南可以让你在上海找到任何你的所需所想。


更多的实用信息通过索引的方式呈现给旅行者,无论是理发店还是银行都在这里可以找到。


索引中有趣的内容有很多。例如,查找相机相关内容时,在这里写着的竟然是“参见柯达一栏”。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=29. 


作为实用工具,这本指南包含了大量的商家广告,有不少商家还特地配上插图,以显示与众不同并招揽顾客。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=2. 


旅行手册中的发现

旅行者不能错过的:

来到上海要吃什么喝什么?尝尝当地特色。

一定要看一看的上海外滩。


The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=41. 


旅行指南中还有不少有趣的小文章介绍中国,包括中国的节日、中国当时的音乐发展、一些中国文化和趣闻轶事。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=61. 


例如这个中国当铺的小知识:当铺往往有至少两个出入口,为那些面子薄的客人而设;同时正门往往也会有一面屏风来保护隐私。


还有令人意外的发现,道奇汽车这时已经卖到了中国的五个城市。

The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=51. 


追溯旅行指南

追溯旅行指南的历史,它还能够和导航用书(道路指南)联系在一起。


约翰·奥格尔比以“国王的宇宙学家和地理印刷商”(king’s cosmographer and geographical printer)的头衔开始从事印刷业,并出版了许多以精美的排版和插图著称的书籍。

Ogilby, John. Britaniia, volume the first, or, An illustration of the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales. Printed by the author, [1675]. The Making of the Modern World, link.gale.com/apps/doc/U0109404737/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=318dd8d5&pg=1.  


他于 1675 年出版的《大不列颠》一书是规划中的一部世界地图集的一部分,也是精确描述道路的一个里程碑,后续成为了著名的旅行指南之一。

Ogilby, John, and John Ogilby. The traveller's guide, or, A most exact description of the roads of England : being Mr. Ogilby's actual survey. Printed by T. Hive for Abel Swall [etc.], 1699. The Making of the Modern World, link.gale.com/apps/doc/U0107101562/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=f7e87d4a&pg=8. 


但其实旅行指南的起源仍并不明确。从人类探索地球的历史开始,旅游回忆录就一直存在。然而,现代旅游指南与《马可·波罗游记》、《徐霞客游记》等游记的最大不同在于,现代旅游指南提供实用信息,而游记则旨在鼓励读者追随作者的脚步。


Starke, Mariana. Letters from Italy, between the years 1792 and 1798, containing a view of the revolutions in that country, from the capture of Nice by the French Republic to the expulsion of Pius VI. from the ecclesiastical state: Likewise pointing out The matchless Works of Art which still embellish Pisa, Florence, Siena, Rome, Naples, Bologna, Venice, &c. With Instructions For the Use of Invalids and Families Who may not choose to incur the Expence attendant upon travelling with a Courier. By Mariana Starke, Author of the Widow of Malabar, the Tournament, &c. In two volumes. ... Vol. 1, printed by T. Gillet, Salisbury-Square, Fleet-Street, for R. Phillips, No. 71, St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1800. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0100088025/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=1c03b508&pg=1. 


现代旅行指南往往被认为可以追溯到18世纪的Mariana Starke和她的《1792年至1798年的意大利之行》(Travels in Italy Between the Years 1792 and 1798)。有趣的是,这本书最初的书名看似并非游记——《1792年至1798年的意大利来信》(Letters from Italy, between the years 1792 and 1798),如上图所示。随后的几次再版不断对内容进行了更新和补充,第五版的书名变更为了《欧洲大陆旅行者参考信息和指引》(Information and Directions for Travellers on the Continent),完全成为了一本旅行者的实用指南。

Starke, Mariana. Information and Directions for Travellers on the Continent. Published by A. and W. Galignani, 1828. Nineteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CUOMEY741576161/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=9ca3c350&pg=5. 


从这时开始,旅行指南代替游记在欧洲发展壮大。简单来说,我们可以跟着游记走一遍作者的游览旅程,而旅行指南可以让读者自己根据提供的信息设计自己的路线,这也符合十八世纪以来人们对探险的热衷。

"Advertisements." The Medical and Physical Journal, vol. 4, no. 22, 1 Dec. 1800. American Historical Periodicals from the American Antiquarian Society, link.gale.com/apps/doc/NHJVKW591336020/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=f3bb3709. 


更多旅行指南

1904年泰国的旅行指南,指南中包括了数十张照片,呈现了一百年前的泰国在文化习惯、宗教礼法等方面的真实情况。

Antonio, J. Guide to Bangkok and Siam: Revised W. W. Fegen. Printed at the "Siam Observer" Press, 1904. Nineteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CPVBLS048690903/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=5ef45a4c&pg=9. Accessed 7 Aug. 2024.



Guide to Shanghai 1940. The American Express Co., Inc., 1940. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXSAD025167927/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=95373ac5&pg=1. 

City Directory of Shanghai Shanghai Section of Rosenstock's Directory of China January, 1931. Millington Limited, Jan. 1931. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGVKVT822115822/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=883166f3&pg=1. 


关于上海,则还有很多不同版本和不同时期的旅行指南,下面这份指南则是距今刚刚好一百年前的一本旅行指南。

Gow, W. S. P. Gow's Guide to Shanghai 1924. The North-China Daily News and Herald Limited, 1924. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGWXYX540656849/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=057e6765&pg=1. 


One more thing

还有一个额外的有关旅行指南的小历史……


旅行手册在二战中甚至被用来作为空袭的指导手册,例如二战中著名的空袭事件——贝德克尔闪电战或贝德克尔突袭。这次空袭的名字正是来源于德国旅游指南系列图书《Baedeker》,泰晤士报中就提到:德国空军将轰炸《贝德克尔指南》中所有标有三颗星的建筑。

"Three Stars in 'Baedeker'." Times, 4 May 1942, p. 5. The Times Digital Archive, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS84621988/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=ac8a6130. 


本文作者

石亦宸,Gale培训师


参考文献:

  1. The Shanghai Guide. Omina Publishing & Advertising Company, n.d. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXVUA589063297/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=49140197&pg=2. 

  2. Ogilby, John. Britaniia, volume the first, or, An illustration of the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales. Printed by the author, [1675]. The Making of the Modern World, link.gale.com/apps/doc/U0109404737/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=318dd8d5&pg=1.  

  3. Ogilby, John, and John Ogilby. The traveller's guide, or, A most exact description of the roads of England : being Mr. Ogilby's actual survey. Printed by T. Hive for Abel Swall [etc.], 1699. The Making of the Modern World, link.gale.com/apps/doc/U0107101562/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=f7e87d4a&pg=8. 

  4. Starke, Mariana. Letters from Italy, between the years 1792 and 1798, containing a view of the revolutions in that country, from the capture of Nice by the French Republic to the expulsion of Pius VI. from the ecclesiastical state: Likewise pointing out The matchless Works of Art which still embellish Pisa, Florence, Siena, Rome, Naples, Bologna, Venice, &c. With Instructions For the Use of Invalids and Families Who may not choose to incur the Expence attendant upon travelling with a Courier. By Mariana Starke, Author of the Widow of Malabar, the Tournament, &c. In two volumes. ... Vol. 1, printed by T. Gillet, Salisbury-Square, Fleet-Street, for R. Phillips, No. 71, St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1800. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0100088025/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=1c03b508&pg=1. 

  5. Starke, Mariana. Information and Directions for Travellers on the Continent. Published by A. and W. Galignani, 1828. Nineteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CUOMEY741576161/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=9ca3c350&pg=5. 

  6. "Advertisements." The Medical and Physical Journal, vol. 4, no. 22, 1 Dec. 1800. American Historical Periodicals from the American Antiquarian Society, link.gale.com/apps/doc/NHJVKW591336020/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=f3bb3709. 

  7. Antonio, J. Guide to Bangkok and Siam: Revised W. W. Fegen. Printed at the "Siam Observer" Press, 1904. Nineteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CPVBLS048690903/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=5ef45a4c&pg=9. Accessed 7 Aug. 2024.

  8. Guide to Shanghai 1940. The American Express Co., Inc., 1940. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGXSAD025167927/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=95373ac5&pg=1. 

  9. City Directory of Shanghai Shanghai Section of Rosenstock's Directory of China January, 1931. Millington Limited, Jan. 1931. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGVKVT822115822/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=883166f3&pg=1. 

  10. Gow, W. S. P. Gow's Guide to Shanghai 1924. The North-China Daily News and Herald Limited, 1924. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGWXYX540656849/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=057e6765&pg=1. 

  11. Gow, W. S. P. Gow's Guide to Shanghai 1924. The North-China Daily News and Herald Limited, 1924. Archives Unbound, link.gale.com/apps/doc/XGWXYX540656849/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=057e6765&pg=1. 

  12. "Three Stars in 'Baedeker'." Times, 4 May 1942, p. 5. The Times Digital Archive, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS84621988/GDCS?u=galechina&sid=bookmark-GDCS&xid=ac8a6130. 


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