双语字幕 Liver Failure 肝衰竭 The liver is the second largest organ in the body. It consists of four lobes, comprised of hundreds of lobules. Each lobule, the basic structural element of the liver, metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. 肝脏是人体内的第二大器官。它包括 4 个叶，由无数肝小叶组成。肝小叶是肝脏的基本结构单位，具有代谢碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质的功能。 Lobules process glucose, the sugar that is the main energy source for cells. Glucose from the digestive tract flows into the lobules where hepatocytes, the primary cell type in the liver, store excess glucose as glycogen, and distribute glucose to the body. 肝小叶处理葡萄糖，而糖类是细胞的主要能量来源。葡萄糖从消化道流入肝小叶，然后，肝脏内的主要细胞--肝细胞将多余的葡萄糖储存为糖原，并将葡萄糖分布到人体内。 Hepatocytes also secrete bile, which helps the body digest lipids. Kupffer cells reside in the liver and help to remove toxins and bacteria from the blood. Hepatocytes also produce blood-clotting factors to prevent hemorrhage. 肝细胞也分泌胆汁，帮助身体消化脂类。库普弗细胞位于肝脏内，有助于清除血液中的毒素和细菌。肝细胞也能够生成凝血因子来预防出血。 Other vital functions performed by the liver include protein synthesis, vitamin storage, and the breakdown of old red blood cells. 肝脏的其他重要功能包括合成蛋白质、储存维生素和分解衰老的红细胞。 Because the liver filters toxins, their accumulation can cause liver failure. Chronic liver failure, the most common form of liver failure, is most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse or slow-acting hepatitis B or C infection. 因为肝脏能够过滤毒素，毒素积累会导致肝功能衰竭。慢性肝衰竭是最常见的肝衰竭形式，最常见的原因是长期酗酒，或者乙肝或丙肝长期感染。 Chronic liver failure causes damage through cirrhosis, or scarring, of the liver. As cells die over time, they are gradually replaced with scar tissue that forms nodules. The scar tissue blocks the flow of blood through the liver, slowing the metabolism of nutrients and filtration of toxins, gradually diminishing liver function. 慢性肝衰竭会导致肝硬化或肝脏瘢痕组织形成，从而对人体造成损害。随着疾病长期进展，细胞逐渐死亡，肝脏组织被瘢痕组织替代，形成肝硬化结节。瘢痕组织将阻碍肝脏血流，减缓营养物质代谢和毒素过滤，逐渐削弱肝功能。 Acute liver failure is less common than chronic liver failure. 相对于慢性肝衰竭，急性肝衰竭不太常见。 Common causes of acute liver failure are poisoning, such as an overdose of acetaminophen or other medications, or acute infection with hepatitis A or B, which rapidly kills hepatocytes. 急性肝衰竭的常见原因是中毒，如对乙酰氨基酚或其他药物服用过量，或急性甲肝或乙肝感染，它们将快速杀死肝细胞。 Cirrhosis is not reversible, so treatment focuses on cessation of alcohol consumption, prevention of disease progression, and treatment of complications. 肝硬化是不可逆的，因此治疗的重点是戒酒、预防疾病进展和治疗并发症。 The only definitive treatment for chronic liver disease is a liver transplant. There are vaccines to prevent infection with hepatitis A and B, but not C. Interferon and other antiviral drugs, such as ribavirin, block the replication of viral hepatitis. 慢性肝病的唯一根治方案是肝移植。目前，我们有甲肝和乙肝疫苗，但没有丙肝疫苗。干扰素和其他抗病毒药物，如利巴韦林，可以阻断病毒性肝炎复制。 When acute liver failure is caused by an overdose of acetaminophen, it is treated with N-acetylcysteine, commonly known as mucomyst. If administered shortly after an overdose, mucomyst helps the liver safely excrete acetaminophen metabolites.对于过量服用对乙酰氨基酚引起的急性肝衰竭，我们可以使用N-乙酰半胱氨酸（通常称为痰易净）治疗。如果在过量服用对乙酰氨基酚后立即使用N-乙酰半胱氨酸，那么，它将有助于肝脏排泄对乙酰氨基酚代谢产物。 相关单词学习
Cirrhosis
①发音和释义 cir•rho•sis/səˈroʊsɪs/n. 肝硬化A chronic disease of the liver in which fibrous tissue replaces normal tissue. 单词 cirrhosis由下列成分构成 kirrh(ós) （源于希腊语）黄色/肝脏+-osis（后缀）病症（图源：太帅图库）
Hepatitis
hep•a•ti•tis/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪtɪs/n. 肝炎 Inflammation of the liver. 单词 hepatitis 由下列成分构成 hepat-（词根）肝脏+ -itis（后缀） 炎症（图片来源：太帅图库）
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