原文信息
A holistic framework for the optimal design and operation of electricity, heating, cooling and hydrogen technologies in buildings
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924009954
Abstract
In this work, the Design and Operation of Integrated Technologies (DO-IT) framework is developed, a comprehensive tool to support short- and long-term technology investment and operation decisions for integrated energy generation, conversion and storage technologies in buildings. The novelty of this framework lies in two key aspects: firstly, it integrates essential open-source modelling tools covering energy end uses in buildings, technology performance and cost, and energy system design optimisation into a unified and easily-reproducible framework. Secondly, it introduces a novel optimisation tool with a concise and generic mathematical formulation capable of modelling multi-energy vector systems, capturing interdependencies between different energy vectors and technologies. The model formulation, which captures both short- and long-term energy storage, facilitates the identification of smart design and operation strategies with low computational cost. Different building energy demand and price scenarios are investigated and the economic and energy benefits of using a holistic multi-energy-vector approach are quantified. Technology combinations under consideration include: (i) a photovoltaic-electric heat pump-battery system, (ii) a photovoltaic-electric heat pump-battery-hot water cylinder system, (iii) a photovoltaic-electrolyser‑hydrogen storage-fuel cell system, and (iv) a system with all above technology options. Using a university building as a case study, it is shown that the smart integration of electricity, heating, cooling and hydrogen generation and storage technologies results in a total system cost which is >25% lower than the scenario of only importing grid electricity and using a fuel oil boiler. The battery mitigates intra-day fluctuations in electricity demand, and the hot-water cylinder allows for efficiently managing heat demand with a small heat pump. In order to avoid PV curtailment, excess PV-generated electricity can also be stored in the form of green hydrogen, providing a long-term energy storage solution spanning days, weeks, or even seasons. Results are useful for end-users, investment decision makers and energy policy makers when selecting building-integrated low-carbon technologies and relevant policies.
Keywords
Energy storage
Heat pump
Hydrogen
Optimisation
PV
Self-sufficiency
Graphics
Fig. 2. Modelling structure of the DO-IT optimisation framework.
Fig. 3. Interactions of technologies and energy vectors in the DO-IT framework.
Fig. 10. Results of Optimised Case 4 for installed: (a) nominal power capacity of energy generation and conversion technologies, and (b) nominal energy capacity of energy storage technologies.
Fig. 12. Hourly operation of electricity generation (kWe), use and storage technologies for Optimised Case 4 (which involves all technology options) for (a) a typical working day with a small amount of heating demand and high electricity prices in the afternoon, (b) a typical working day with high cooling demand and high electricity prices in the afternoon, and (c) a typical cold weekend day with negligible demand. Positive values indicate electricity generation and negative values indicate electricity use.
Fig. 16. Optimal size of technologies obtained using the DO-IT framework for varying annual heat and electricity demands. The price of importing electricity is here fixed at 0.27 EUR/kWhe: (a) mono-Si PV, (b) lithium-ion battery, (c) ATWHP, (d) hot-water cylinder, (e) electrolyser, and (f) hydrogen store.
Fig. 18. Sensitivity analysis showing the ranges of potential technology capacities across various scenarios of battery and electrolyser prices, electricity prices, and building electricity and heat demands.
关于Applied Energy
本期小编：何意；审核人：丁志雄
《Applied Energy》是世界能源领域著名学术期刊，在全球出版巨头爱思唯尔 (Elsevier) 旗下，1975年创刊，影响因子10.1，CiteScore 21.2，本刊旨在为清洁能源转换技术、能源过程和系统优化、能源效率、智慧能源、环境污染物及温室气体减排、能源与其他学科交叉融合、以及能源可持续发展等领域提供交流分享和合作的平台。开源（Open Access）姊妹新刊《Advances in Applied Energy》影响因子13.0，CiteScore 23.9。全部论文可以免费下载。在《Applied Energy》的成功经验基础上，致力于发表应用能源领域顶尖科研成果，并为广大科研人员提供一个快速权威的学术交流和发表平台，欢迎关注！
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