女性生殖器疱疹丨医学英语视听学习

Genital Herpes in Women

女性生殖器疱疹

Genital herpes is a common type of sexually transmitted disease or infection. It is more common in women than men.

生殖器疱疹是一种常见的性传播疾病或感染。女性较男性更常见。

The infection commonly affects your genitals, which are the reproductive organs inside and outside of your body. It can also affect your buttocks, anal area, or mouth.

感染通常会影响患者的生殖器，即身体内部和外部的生殖器官，也会影响臀部、肛门区域或口腔。

Genital herpes is most often caused by the herpes simplex virus type two, or HSV-2. While herpes simplex virus type one, or HSV-1, may cause genital herpes as well, it more commonly infects the lips, mouth, or gums. It causes painful blisters, often referred to as cold sores. This is called oral herpes.

生殖器疱疹最常由单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV-2）引起。尽管单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）也可能导致生殖器疱疹，但它更常感染唇、口腔或牙龈，导致疼痛的水泡，即我们通常所说的唇疱疹。这称为口腔疱疹。

Occasionally, HSV-2 can also cause oral herpes. You can catch the herpes virus from an infected person through close, personal contact during genital or oral sex. The virus can enter your body through a break in your skin, or through the tissue that lines many of your body cavities, including the tissue lining your mouth and genitals.

有时，HSV-2也会导致口腔疱疹。生殖器性交或口交期间，疱疹病毒通过密切的个人接触，由感染者传播给被感染者。病毒通过皮肤上的破口，或者许多体腔内组织，如口腔和生殖器黏膜组织进入身体。

Once inside the skin, the virus can multiply within your cells. This damages the cells and inflames your skin, causing painful sores as your body tries to control the infection.

病毒进入皮肤后，在细胞内增殖。这会损害细胞，使皮肤发炎，身体在尝试控制感染时会形成疼痛的疮。

As your skin begins to heal, some viruses enter branches of your nerve cells, called axons. The virus travels through the axons to an area near your spinal cord, where they become dormant, or inactive. This is known as the herpes latent stage.

随着皮肤开始愈合，一些病毒进入神经细胞的分支，即轴突。病毒通过轴突传播到脊髓附近的区域，然后休眠或不活跃。这称为疱疹的潜伏期。

At a later time, certain triggers can make the virus active again, such as stress, illness, exposure to sunlight, and having your period. When this happens, the virus can return down your axons to your skin, causing another round of sores.

之后，某些触发因素促使病毒再次活跃，如压力、疾病、日光暴露，以及经期。当病毒再次活跃时，它将沿轴突返回皮肤，引起另一波疮形成。

The main risk for getting genital herpes is having oral, anal, or vaginal sex with a person who is infected. During vaginal sex, there is a higher risk of the virus passing from men to women than from women to men.

生殖器疱疹感染的主要风险是与感染者发生口交、肛交或阴道性交。阴道性交期间，病毒从男性传播到女性的风险高于从女性传播到男性的风险。

This may happen because the tissue in a woman’s vagina is more prone to small tears, enabling the virus to enter the body. Your risk of infection also goes up as the number of sex partners you have increases. If you have this human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, you have an increased risk of getting genital herpes.

这可能是因为女性的阴道组织更容易发生撕裂，使病毒进入身体。随着性伴侣数量增加，感染风险也会增加。人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者发生生殖器疱疹感染的风险也会增加。

Many people never have symptoms. And there are no symptoms during latent stages. 

许多感染者不会出现症状。潜伏期患者没有症状。

But symptoms of an active infection in women include painful sores or blisters in the genital area. Common sites include the genitals on the outside of your body, also known as the vulva, the vagina, cervix, anus, thighs, and buttocks.

但是女性活动性感染的症状包括生殖器区域出现疼痛性疮或水泡。常见部位包括身体外部的生殖器，也就是外阴、阴道、宫颈、肛门、大腿和臀部。

In men, the common sites of sores or blisters include the penis, scrotum, anus, thighs, and buttocks. In both men and women, sores may also be found on the lips, tongue, gums, eyes, and fingers.

男性疮或水泡的常见部位包括阴茎、阴囊、肛门、大腿和臀部。所有患者的唇部、舌、牙龈、眼睛和手指也会出现疮。

Other symptoms include painful or difficult urination, feeling unwell or having flu-like symptoms, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. In people with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV, genital sores can be severe and long-lasting.

其他症状包括尿痛或排尿困难、感觉不适或流感样症状，以及腹股沟淋巴结肿大。免疫系统较弱者，如HIV感染者，生殖器上的疮可能非常严重，且持续时间很长。

If your immune system is weak, the herpes virus may also spread to other parts of your body, such as the brain and spinal cord, eyes, esophagus, lungs, and liver. And, during vaginal childbirth, women can also pass the herpes virus to their newborn baby if they become infected or have a secondary outbreak near their delivery date.

如果免疫系统较弱，疱疹病毒也会传播到身体的其他部位，如大脑和脊髓、眼睛、食管、肺和肝脏。阴道分娩期间，如果产妇是疱疹病毒感染者，或者在围产期二次爆发感染，那么，她们也会将疱疹病毒传播给新生儿。

There is no cure for genital herpes. 

生殖器疱疹没有治愈方法。

Once infected, your body will always harbor the virus. People who aren’t sexually active and rarely or never have symptoms may not need any treatment. But your healthcare provider can prescribe an antiviral medication to prevent or reduce symptoms, such as acyclovir or valacyclovir.

一旦感染，身体将永远携带病毒。性行为不活跃、很少或从未出现症状的感染者可能不需要任何治疗。但是医务人员可以给予其抗病毒药物来预防或减轻症状，如阿昔洛韦或伐昔洛韦。

If you only have a few outbreaks a year, you may only need antiviral medication during each outbreak. This is called episodic therapy.

如果1年仅爆发几次，则感染者只需要在每次爆发期间服用抗病毒药物即可。这称为不定期（发病期）治疗。

If you have many outbreaks a year, or if you are sexually active, you may take antiviral medication daily. This is called suppressive therapy.

如果1年爆发很多次，或者性行为活跃，则可以每天服用抗病毒药物治疗。这称为抑制性治疗。

It can prevent outbreaks, reduce how many outbreaks you have, reduce how long outbreaks last, and reduce the risk of passing genital herpes to a sex partner.

它可以预防爆发，减少爆发次数，缩短爆发持续时间，以及降低生殖器疱疹传染给性伴侣的风险。

If you have genital herpes, taking antiviral medication and using latex condoms during sex can help prevent it spread to others. To find out more about genital herpes, talk to your healthcare provider.

如果感染了生殖器疱疹，请服用抗病毒药物治疗，性生活期间请使用避孕套，防止传染给其他人。更多生殖器疱疹相关信息，请咨询医务人员！