硬脑膜解剖学丨医学英语视听学习

Dura mater 

硬脑膜

The dura mater is the outermost layer of the three meningeal layers that cover the brain and the spinal cord. These membranous connective tissue layers all together known as the meninges are named the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater which you can see here on this beautiful diagram.

硬脑膜是覆盖大脑和脊髓的三层脑膜中的最外层脑膜。这些膜性结缔组织层统称为脑膜，分别为硬脑膜、蛛网膜和软脑膜，如图所示。

The green layer here is the dura mater, that light purplish layer is the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater is that translucent layer that's just covering the sulci of the brain just here.

绿色层为硬脑膜，浅紫色层为蛛网膜，半透明层为软脑膜，它恰好覆盖脑沟。

The meninges protect the brain and the spinal cord and their accompanying blood vessels. They also enable the channeling of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and the spinal cord.

脑膜保护大脑、脊髓，及其伴行血管。它们也能够使脑脊液在大脑和脊髓周围流动。

You might be interested to know that the name dura mater comes from the Latin meaning "hard mother" due to the fact that it is the thickest and toughest of the three membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord.

大家可能对硬脑膜【dura mater】一词的来源感兴趣，dura mater源于拉丁语，意为“hard mother”，因为它是覆盖大脑和脊髓的三层膜中最厚，最坚硬的一层。

The dura mater is derived from the mesoderm during embryonic development. It is comprised of two layers – the periosteal layer, the outer layer of the cranial dura mater which forms the inner aspect of the skull; the meningeal layer, the inner layer of the dura mater which forms the supporting capsule of the brain and is responsible for the formation of the dural infoldings which we'll talk about later.

硬脑膜来源于胚胎发育期的中胚层。它由两层组成：骨膜层和脑膜层；骨膜层是形成颅骨内部的硬脑膜外层；脑膜层是形成大脑支撑腔，负责硬脑膜内折（稍后会讲解）形成的硬脑膜内层。

Now, you can't distinguish these two layers on the slide but trust me, they're there. The dura mater also contributes to the subdural and epidural spaces.

现在，在幻灯片上，我们无法区分这两层，但相信我，它们是存在的。硬脑膜也有助于形成硬膜下和硬膜外间隙。

The meningeal layer of the dura mater tends to firmly attach to the underlying arachnoid mater. The potential space between them is called the subdural space. Similarly, the space between the skull and the dura mater has the potential to form an epidural space.

硬脑膜的脑膜层往往紧紧地附着在下面的蛛网膜上。它们之间的潜在间隙称为硬膜下间隙。类似地，颅骨和硬脑膜之间的间隙有助于形成硬膜外间隙。

Clinically, this important to note as subdural and epidural hematomas are brain injuries resulting from the entrapment and subsequent buildup of blood within these spaces.

在临床上，我们需要注意，硬膜下血肿和硬膜外血肿是血液在这些间隙内滞留，然后积聚造成的脑损伤。

So, now, we're coming to our sort of cross-sagittal/transverse section of the skull so we can have a little chat about dural infoldings.

现在，我们来看一下颅骨的断层解剖或横切面，然后由此来浅谈一下硬脑膜的内折。

The two layers of the dura mater separate from each other in certain places creating partitions within the cranial cavity which help to hold the brain in place. There are four areas of dural infolding where the meningeal layer reflects inwards, away from the periosteal layer.

硬脑膜的两层膜在某些区域彼此分离，在颅腔内形成板状隔，这有助于固定大脑。硬脑膜内折（脑膜层向内折，远离骨膜层）有 4 个区域。

The four dural infoldings are the falx cerebri, a sickle-shaped projection of the dura mater which you can see illustrated by this lovely green arrow which extends downward into the longitudinal fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres; 

4个硬脑膜内折是大脑镰，即硬脑膜的镰刀状突起（如绿色箭头所示），它向下伸入分隔两个脑半球的纵裂；

the tentorium cerebelli, a tent-like structure that spreads between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the transverse sinus separating the cerebellum from the occipital lobe; 

小脑幕，即颞骨岩部和横窦之间，分隔小脑和枕叶的帐幕状结构；

the falx cerebelli, another sickle-shaped dural projection situated in the posterior part of the posterior cranial fossa between the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum; 

小脑镰，颅后窝后部，小脑左右半球之间的另一个镰刀状硬脑膜突起；

and the diaphragma sellae, a small sheath of dura covering the pituitary gland.

以及鞍膈，覆盖在垂体上的小硬膜鞘。