Motor (efferent) nervous system
运动（传出）神经系统
The motor or efferent division consists of efferent neurons that carry signals from the brain to target structures known as effectors in order to effect the responses generated by integrative processes.
运动神经或传出神经由传出神经元组成，传出神经元将信号从大脑传递到称为效应器的目标结构，从而影响整合过程产生的反应。
Neural output is most often considered in the context of movement or motor control for example, the contraction of skeletal muscle along your upper limb to move the cup in your hand to your mouth.
神经输出通常需要参考活动或运动控制的背景，例如，将手中的杯子移动到唇边时，上肢骨骼肌的收缩。
However, neural outputs also include other signals like glandular control, stimulating your exocrine and endocrine glands to release substances, so they control salivation which starts in your mouth when you smell that coffee.
然而，神经输出也包括其他信号传导，如腺体控制，刺激外分泌腺和内分泌腺释放物质，如在闻到咖啡味道时，控制口腔中的唾液分泌。
Similar to the sensory division, the efferent or motor division can also be classified into two main categories the somatic motor and visceral motor divisions.
传出神经或运动神经与感觉神经类似，也分为两大类：躯体运动神经和内脏运动神经。
The somatic motor division comprises neurons responsible for transmitting signals to skeletal muscles which are generally under conscious control, hence, often termed the voluntary motor division.
躯体运动神经包括负责向骨骼肌传递信号的神经元，骨骼肌通常处于有意识的控制下，因此，通常被称为自主运动神经。
In contrast, the visceral motor division, more commonly referred to as the autonomic nervous system, regulates functions like glandular secretion, smooth muscle contractions in organ walls, and regulation of cardiac muscle contractions in the heart.
相反，内脏运动神经，通常被称为自主神经系统，它调节腺体分泌、器官壁平滑肌收缩，以及心脏心肌收缩等功能。
It is consistently carrying signals which result in involuntary, fine-tuned adjustments to the organs across your body based on the signals transmitted by its counterpart, the visceral sensory system.
相较于其相对应的系统--内脏感觉系统传递的信号，它始终携带引发非自主微调身体器官的信号。
It comprises two physiologically distinct, mutually antagonistic parts the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
它由两个生理上不同、相互拮抗的部分，即交感神经系统和副交感神经系统组成。
The sympathetic nervous system is your fight or flight, get up and go-getter, which prepares your body for rapid, intense physical activity, usually as a response to stress or fear, while the parasympathetic nervous system is the counterbalance to this – your rest and digest, chilled out mellow fellow who promotes activities that occur when the body is at rest or during non-stressful situations.
交感神经系统是战斗或逃跑反应，“站起来立即逃跑”，它使身体为快速剧烈的身体活动做好准备，这些活动通常是人体对压力或恐惧产生的反应，而副交感神经系统则与之相反，它调节休息和消化，“冷静而稳健”，它促进身体休息或无压力情况下的活动。
相关单词学习
Exocrine
ex•o•crine/ˈɛksoʊˌkrɪn/adj. 外分泌的，外分泌腺的
Of or pertaining to an exocrine gland or its secretion.
单词 exocrine 由下列构词成分构成
exo-（前缀）外
+
-crine（后缀）与分泌相关
（图源：太帅图库）
Parasympathetic
par•a•sym•pa•thet•ic/ˌpærəˌsɪmpə'θetɪk/adj. 副交感神经的
Pertaining to that part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that arise from the cranial and sacral regions and function in opposition to the sympathetic system, as in inhibiting heartbeat or contracting the pupil of the eye.
单词 parasympathetic 由下列成分构成
para-（前缀）副，旁
+
sympathetic 交感神经的
（图源：太帅图库）
全彩 3D 医学双语（中英）视频公众号↓↓↓
医学视频推荐
医学术语学习
精品好课推荐
《神经病和精神病学理论与实践》（课时：59）
《神经病和精神病学理论与实践》暂定59节课，包含脑卒中、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、动脉畸形、脑动脉瘤等神经系统病变精美视频，适合医学/护理学生和患者教育。
A good beginning is half done.
良好的开端是成功的一半。
戳“阅读原文”，查看全部视频课程
本文含有自有课程广告
