眶上裂与眶下裂解剖丨医学英语视听学习

Superior and inferior orbital fissures

眶上裂与眶下裂

As you know, our bodies are made up of vast amounts of blood vessels and nerves that wind their way through our bodies to supply their target organs.

大家都知道，我们的身体由许许多多的血管和神经组成，它们在我们的身体内蜿蜒分布，来供应它们的靶器官。

Much like a train going through a tunnel to get to the other side of a mountain, our neurovasculature often needs a way to pass through bony obstructions to reach its destination.

正如火车穿过隧道，才能到达山的另一边；我们的神经血管系统通常也需要通过穿透障碍物的途径，才能到达靶器官。

It does this by passing through canals, foramina, and fissures, and that's exactly what happens in today's structures of interest which are the superior and inferior orbital fissures.

这种途径可以是管、孔和裂，这就引出了我们今天要讨论的结构：眶上裂和眶下裂。

So what do you say? Shall we get started?

那么，我们现在开始讲解吧？

Before we get into the good stuff, here's a quick overview of what we'll look at today. We'll start by defining the superior and inferior orbital fissures, then we'll quickly review the bones of the orbit.

在进入正题前，我们简单介绍一下今天将学习的内容。首先，我们将学习什么是眶上裂和眶下裂，然后，我们将快速回顾眼眶骨。

Next, we'll look at the superior orbital fissure and the structures that pass through it followed by the inferior orbital fissure and its structures. Then we'll move on to the contents of the optic canal, and lastly, we'll conclude our tutorial with some clinical notes.

接下来，我们将看一下眶上裂及穿过眶上裂的结构，眶下裂及其结构。然后，我们将继续学习视神经管的内容，最后，我们将介绍一些临床相关知识点。

As I mentioned in our introduction, fissures allow neurovascular structures to reach their destination, but what exactly are the superior and inferior orbital fissures?

如介绍中所述，神经血管系统可以通过裂到达靶器官，但眶上裂和眶下裂到底是什么呢？

We can figure out a lot based on the names of these structures alone. Let's start with the words they have in common.

仅根据这些结构的名称，我们能推测出许多内容。我们先看一下名称中共有的部分。

Firstly, the word orbital tells us where in the body we should be looking for these structures – the orbit. The orbits are sockets within the skull in which the eyeballs are accommodated in addition to their associated musculature, vessels, and nerves.

首先，单词 orbital 指出这些结构在身体中所处的位置是眼眶。眼眶是颅骨内的窝，除相关的肌肉组织、血管和神经外，眼球也容纳其中。

A fissure, on the other hand, is just another term used to describe a groove or a cleft. In this case, they are open and serve as passageways for other structures.

另一方面，单词 fissure是用于描述沟或裂的另一个术语。在本教程中，它们是开放的，是其他结构通过的通道。

In this image, we've zoomed in for a closer look at the right orbit. At its posterior aspect are two open elongated clefts – the superior orbital fissure and the inferior orbital fissure.

在这个图像上，我们放大右眼眶来仔细地观察一下。眼眶后部有两个开放的细长裂，它们是眶上裂和眶下裂。

Okay, now it's time to review the bones that make up the orbit and contribute to these fissures.

现在，我们来回顾一下构成眼眶的骨，以及这些裂形成的原因。

This is going to be a speedy tour of the orbit but if you're hungry for more, check out our video on the bones of the orbit. The orbit has a roof, a floor, a lateral wall, a medial wall, and a posterior wall.

我们只是简单快速复习一下，但是如果大家想全面学习，请观看《眼眶骨》视频。眼眶有眶顶、眶底、外侧壁、内侧壁和后壁。

Let's quickly remind ourselves which bones form these structures.

我们快速回想一下构成这些结构的骨。

The roof of the orbit is made up of the orbital surface of the frontal bone, and in turn, the floor of the orbit is formed by the orbital surface of the maxilla. Within the maxilla, we can see the infraorbital groove which transmits the infraorbital vessels and nerve.

眶顶由额骨眶面构成，而眶底则由上颌骨眶面形成。在上颌骨内，我们可以看到眶下沟，眶下血管和神经由此通过。

The lateral wall of the orbit is made up of the orbital surface of the zygomatic bone while the medial wall of the orbit is composed of two bones – the lacrimal bone and the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone.

眶外侧壁由颧骨眶面构成，而内侧壁由泪骨和筛骨眶板两块骨组成。

Within the medial wall are two foramina – the anterior ethmoidal foramen and the posterior ethmoidal foramen.

内侧壁内有两个孔--筛前孔和筛后孔。