气管的位置和结构丨医学英语视听学习

Trachea location and structure

气管的位置和结构

During this tutorial, we'll be looking at this image of the trachea also known as the windpipe. The trachea – a long cartilaginous tube – is a part of the lower respiratory tract connecting the inferior part of the larynx with the bronchi of the lungs.

在这个教程中，我们将观察气管（trachea）的图像。气管是一根长软骨管，是下呼吸道的一部分，连接喉下部和肺支气管。

In this tutorial, we'll have a look at the main anatomical features of the trachea together with some of its surrounding structures such as the larynx and the bronchi.

在本教程中，我们将学习气管的主要解剖学特征及其周围的一些结构，如喉和支气管。

So before we move on to talk about the structures associated with the trachea, I just wanted to have a brief chat about the lower respiratory system.

在继续讨论气管相关的结构前，我只想简单谈谈下呼吸道系统。

And as you'll be able to see, the lower respiratory system – the organs of the body from the larynx downwards associated with the active respiration – is made up of three structures – the larynx, the trachea and the bronchi – and we'll talk about each as we come to it.

如大家所见，下呼吸道系统，即喉以下参与主动呼吸的身体器官，由 3 种结构组成，它们是喉、气管和支气管，我们将随着讲解逐一进行讨论。

But essentially the trachea begins at the lower border of the larynx around the level of the sixth cervical vertebra and ends at the level of the fifth to seventh thoracic vertebrae where the trachea bifurcates into the bronchi.

但大体上，气管始于第 6 颈椎水平的喉下缘，止于第 5-7 胸椎水平，然后分叉为支气管。

So as we can see at the top of our image of the lower respiratory tract, we have some of the cartilages of the larynx. And we're not going to be able to talk too much about the larynx, just the cartilages that we can see in the image.

如我们在下呼吸道图像的顶部所见，我们看到一些喉软骨。我们将不会过多讲解喉的部分，只说一下图像上所看到的软骨。

The larynx is a hollow muscular organ found anterior to the pharynx and it's made up of a collection of nine cartilages that allow for the passage of air as well as the production of the voice.

喉是咽前面的中空肌肉器官，它由 9 块软骨组成，负责支撑空气流通的气道，以及产生声音。

And in this image as we've mentioned, we can see three cartilages and these are the thyroid cartilage, the arytenoid cartilage which is a paired cartilage, and the cricoid cartilage.

如我们所说，在这张图像上，我们可以看到 3 种软骨，它们是甲状软骨、杓状软骨（成对的软骨）和环状软骨。

The above cartilages all have a relationship to the trachea in some way and it's also worth noting that all three cartilages are made out of hyaline cartilage. So the first cartilage of the larynx we're going to describe is this cartilage highlighted in green – the thyroid cartilage.

上述软骨在某种程度上都与气管有关，大家需要注意，所有这 3 种软骨都由透明软骨构成。我们将介绍的第一种喉软骨是这块以绿色突出显示的软骨--甲状软骨。

And the thyroid cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages and is formed by a right and a left lamina that is separated quite widely posteriorly while converging anteriorly to create a forward projection named the laryngeal prominence also known as Adam's apple. The laryngeal prominence is more obvious in men than it is in women.

甲状软骨是最大的喉软骨，由右侧和左侧的软骨板组成，软骨板后侧明显分离，前侧融合，形成向前的突起，即喉结。男性的喉结较女性的更明显。

And as you can see up top here, the laminae of the thyroid cartilage have two horns which are called the superior horns and two lower horns which are called the inferior horns. And as you can see in this image, the inferior horns attach to the cricoid cartilage which is in turn attached to the trachea.

如大家所见，在顶部，甲状软骨的软骨板有两个上角和两个下角。如图所示，环状软骨上接甲状软骨下角，下接气管。

The second cartilage I want to talk about is the arytenoid cartilages again highlighted in green.

我将介绍的第2种软骨是杓状软骨，见绿色突出区域。

And as I mentioned before, these cartilages are paired cartilages, and as we can see in the image, the arytenoid cartilages are shaped like pyramids which give rise to their three processes – the apex, the vocal process, and the muscular process.

如前所述，这些软骨是成对的软骨，我们从图像可以看到，杓状软骨呈金字塔形，形成三个突起，即尖、声带突和肌突。

And of course the cricoarytenoid joint located at the base of the arytenoid cartilages connects the arytenoids to the cricoid which is in turn attached to the trachea.

当然，杓状软骨底部的环杓关节连接杓状软骨和环状软骨，而环状软骨又连接气管。