多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）丨医学英语视听学习

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome（PCOS）

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）

Polycystic ovary syndrome, also called PCOS, is an imbalance of the female sex hormones. 

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是女性性激素失衡的一种疾病。

The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system, along with the fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Your ovaries contain your life-time supply of eggs. These eggs are immature and are stored in tiny, fluid filled structures, called follicles. 

卵巢是女性生殖系统的一部分，与输卵管，子宫和阴道共同构成女性生殖系统。卵巢内包含女性一生所需的卵子。这些卵子不成熟，储存在微小且液体充盈的结构（卵泡）内。

Your pituitary gland located at the base of the brain produces hormones that direct the function of your ovaries. Each month, the pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) into the bloodstream. 

垂体位于大脑基底部，产生介导卵巢功能的激素。脑垂体每个月将促卵泡素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）分泌入血流中。

After these hormones reach the ovaries, several hundred immature eggs start to mature, expanding the size of the follicles. As the eggs mature, the follicles secrete estrogen, the main female sex hormone. 

FSH 和 LH 到达卵巢后，数百个未成熟的卵子开始发育成熟，使卵泡增大。随着卵子变得成熟，卵泡分泌女性主要的性激素，雌激素。

Once the amount of estrogen in the blood reaches a certain level, the pituitary sends a surge of luteinizing hormone to the ovaries, causing the most mature follicle to open and release its egg in a process, called ovulation. 

血液中的雌激素一旦达到某特定水平，垂体将数量激增的 LH 输送到卵巢，使成熟度最高的卵泡打开，释放卵子，该过程称为排卵。

The free egg travels through the fallopian tube, where it awaits fertilization. Eventually, the remaining immature follicles and eggs dissolve. If the egg is not fertilized, the egg and the lining of the uterus are shed during the next menstrual period. 

自由的卵子穿过输卵管（受精场所）。最终，剩余的未成熟卵泡和卵子会溶解。如果卵子未能受精，那么在接下来的月经期，卵子和子宫内膜均脱落。

If you have polycystic ovary syndrome, your pituitary gland may release abnormally high amounts of luteinizing hormone into your bloodstream, disrupting your normal menstrual cycle. As a result, your follicles do not mature and ovulation does not occur, which can lead to infertility. 

如果患有多囊卵巢综合征，脑垂体可能向血流释放异常高数量的 LH，从而扰乱正常的月经周期。这样，卵泡将不会发育成熟，不会发生排卵过程，导致不孕不育。

Some of the immature follicles do not dissolve and remain as fluid-filled sacs or cysts. In addition, your doctor may find your blood has high levels of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, too much insulin combined with high levels of luteinizing hormone can lead to excess production of a male hormone, called testosterone, in your ovaries. 

某些未成熟的卵泡可能不会溶解，保持充液囊的形态或形成囊肿。另外，医生可能发现，患者的血液含有高水平的胰腺分泌的胰岛素，过多的胰岛素与高水平 LH 共同作用，导致卵巢内的雄性激素（睾丸酮）分泌过剩。

Abnormally high levels of testosterone prevent ovulation, which can lead to infertility. High levels of testosterone also caused many of the physical features associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, such as acne and abnormal hair growth. 

异常高水平的睾丸酮会阻挠排卵过程，导致不孕。高水平睾丸酮也会引起多种PCOS相关的生理特征，如痤疮和异常毛发生长。

Having polycystic ovary syndrome raises your risk for type 2 diabetes because of excess insulin and insulin resistance, heart disease, high blood pressure, cholesterol abnormalities in the blood and endometrial cancer. 

PCOS会增加 II 型糖尿病（胰岛素过剩和胰岛素抵抗），心脏病，高血压，胆固醇异常（血液）以及子宫内膜癌的风险。

Since there is no cure for polycystic ovary syndrome, your doctor may recommend one or more medications to treat your symptoms, such as hormonal birth control, which while preventing pregnancy also regulates your menstrual cycle and reduces testosterone production in your ovaries, anti-androgen medications, which reduce abnormal hair growth and acne, 

由于PCOS无法治愈，医生可能推荐 1 或多种药物进行治疗，如激素避孕药（调节月经周期，减少卵巢中的睾丸酮），抗雄激素药物（减少异常毛发生长和痤疮），

diabetes medications, such as metformin, which lowers your insulin levels and regulates your menstrual cycle, and fertility medications, which can stimulate ovulation, so you can become pregnant. 

糖尿病药物，如二甲双胍（降低胰岛素水平并调节月经周期）以及生育调节药（刺激排卵，怀孕）。

If you want to become pregnant and fertility medications have not succeeded in restoring ovulation, your doctor may recommend laparoscopic ovarian drilling. 

如果患者想怀孕，且生育调节药未能成功恢复排卵过程，医生可能推荐行腹腔镜卵巢打孔术。

During the procedure, your surgeon will insert a small needle into the ovary and use an electric current to destroy small areas of ovarian tissue, where testosterone is produced. Over time, testosterone production diminishes and ovulation may occur.

手术期间，医生将一根小针插入患者的卵巢，使用电流破坏产生睾丸酮的小区域卵巢组织。随着时间的推移，睾丸酮产出减少，可能发生排卵。