WIPO China: WIPO’s Green Technology Book - what you can do to tackle climate change
本文原载于2023年第3期《WIPO杂志》。作者为爱德华·夸夸，全球挑战和伙伴关系部门助理总干事；明娜·吉贡-泽尔，WIPO GREEN传播负责人。
The article was originally published in the issue 3/2023 of WIPO Magazine. The author is Edward Kwakwa, Assistant Director General, Global Challenges and Partnerships Sector, and Minna Guigon-Sell, WIPO GREEN Communications Lead.
《绿色技术手册》探讨了如何以更少的投入和最小的环境成本生产更多粮食，以实现粮食安全。例如，数字化正在引发一场新的农业革命，提高了农场效率和生产力（图：baranozdemir / E+）
The Green Technology Book explores ways to achieve food security by producing more with fewer inputs and at minimal cost to the environment. For example, digitization is triggering a new agricultural revolution, boosting on-farm efficiency and productivity (Photo: baranozdemir / E+)
过去一年，世界各地的人们继续见证了广泛发生的、由气候变化引起的天气事件。极端的洪水、干旱和热浪使人们无一幸免，并正迅速发展为“新常态”。但希望尚存。许多创新的新解决方案令人乐观，它们展示出，人们有能力适应和减缓气候变化的最坏影响，并向低碳未来转型。
People around the world have witnessed another year of widespread climate change-induced weather events. Extreme flooding, droughts and heatwaves are leaving no one unaffected, and are fast becoming the “new normal.” But all is not lost. Many innovative new solutions offer optimism, demonstrating our ability to adapt to, and mitigate, the worst effects of climate change, and transition to a low-carbon future.
产权组织于2022年底出版的《绿色技术手册》展示了世界各地为应对气候变化所做的无数努力。这一年度出版物的第一版侧重于展示目前可用的、能够帮助我们适应当前全球气候变化影响的技术。
The Green Technology Book, published by WIPO in late 2022, is testimony to the countless efforts being made around the world to tackle climate change. The first edition of this annual publication focuses on the technologies already available to help us adapt to the current effects of global climate change.
《绿色技术手册》展示了200多种技术，旨在启发和鼓励人们寻找所需的解决方案，来应对本地问题。这是解决方案中至关重要的一部分。这些技术来自WIPO GREEN 需求和绿色技术数据库。
Showcasing more than 200 technologies, The Green Technology Book is designed to inspire and encourage people to find the solutions they need to tackle local problems. This is a crucially important part of the solution. The technologies featured draw from the WIPO GREEN database of needs and green technologies.
在应对气候变化方面，没有放之四海皆准的方法，人们不一定非要采用极其先进的解决办法，才能达到效果。若是能适应当地情况和挑战，简单的措施往往是最好和最有效的选择。这就是为什么《绿色技术手册》中的技术和解决方案既有先进的，也有非常简单的。
When it comes to tackling climate change, there is no one-size-fits all approach, but the remedies employed need not be highly advanced to be effective. When suited to the local context and the challenges it presents, simple measures are often the best and most effective option. That is why The Green Technology Book features both advanced and very simple technologies and solutions.
新的水处理技术可以使社区充分利用宝贵的水资源。（图：Prasit Photo / Moment）
Novel water-treatment technologies can enable communities to make the best use precious water resources. (Photo: Prasit photo / Moment)
知识产权与这有什么关系？
What does intellectual property have to do with it?
创新者的本质是能跳出固有思维模式。今天，面对气候变化相关的紧迫挑战，我们需要支持发明者和创新思维，让更多的人来提出我们所需的解决方案。
Innovators by their nature think outside the box. And today, in the face of pressing climate change-related challenges, we need to support inventors and innovative thinking so more people come up with the solutions we need.
专利等知识产权旨在通过认可和奖励发明者的努力，鼓励他们提出新的突破性解决方案。通过获得专利，或把技术作为商业秘密，以此来保护技术，这是获得知名度、市场准入和经济收益重要的第一步。
Intellectual property (IP) rights like patents are designed to encourage inventors to come up with new ground-breaking solutions by recognizing and rewarding them for their efforts. Protecting a technology with a patent, or as a trade secret, is an important first step towards recognition, market access, and economic gain.
在申请专利保护时，申请人必须在其专利申请中概述技术细节。这使专利审查员能够确定他们的技术是否真正新颖、实用和适用，并值得专利保护。这些专利文件是技术信息的丰富来源，可供所有部门的企业公开获取。
In filing for patent protection, an applicant is required to outline details of the technology in their patent application. This enables patent examiners to determine whether their technology is truly novel, useful and applicable and merits patent protection. These patent documents are a rich source of publicly available technological information for businesses in all sectors.
哪些国家正在开发适应气候变化的技术？
Which countries are developing climate change-adaptation technologies?
有趣的是，产权组织全球创新指数（GII）表明，大多数适应气候变化的技术是在高收入国家创造出来的，然而低收入国家对这些技术的需求更大。
Interestingly, the WIPO Global Innovation Index (GII) indicates that most climate-change adaptation technologies are created in high-income countries, whereas lower-income countries have the greater need for them.
虽然低收入国家的创新者开发了许多巧妙的适应技术，但这些技术很少能够进入全球市场。因此，各国需要建立有效的创新生态系统——由强有力的知识产权制度支持——来促进创新，以便支持这些创新进入市场，并确保有所需要的人能够获得它们。
While innovators in low-income countries have developed many ingenious adaptation technologies, they rarely find their way to the global marketplace. Hence the need for countries to establish effective innovation ecosystems - supported by a robust intellectual property regime - that foster innovation, to support its journey to market and ensure it gets into the hands of those who need it.
许多适应技术仅在少数几个国家获得专利。很少能转让到低收入经济体。
Many adaptation technologies are patented in just a handful of countries. Very few are transferred to low-income economies.
虽然技术转让可能是复杂和具有挑战性的，但知识产权可以为这一进程提供便利。例如，知识产权可以澄清所有权问题，加强发明人的谈判地位，并有助于吸引投资伙伴和融资。技术转让也可以通过其他方式进行，例如由大学转让给企业。然而，跟踪这些交易是一项挑战，并且很难确定创新的适应技术是否真正到达了最需要它们的社区。
While technology transfer can be complex and challenging, IP rights can facilitate that process. For example, IP rights clarify issues of ownership, strengthen the negotiating position of inventors and help attract investment partners and financing. Technology transfer may also take place through other means, for example from universities to companies. However, keeping track of these transactions is a challenge and makes it difficult to determine whether innovative adaptation technologies actually reach the communities that need them the most.
《绿色技术手册》的主要结论
Key takeaways from the Green Technology Book
世界总能找到方法，适应极端天气事件和恶劣气候而生存下去。然而，今天我们面临着一个全新的、人类造成的现实，我们并不总是能够适应。虽然技术不是灵丹妙药，但从现存的各种解决方案来看，人类的聪明才智和克服挑战的能力让我们感到乐观。哪里有想法和创新，哪里就有希望。
The world has always found ways to live and adapt to extreme weather events and harsh climates. Today, however, we face an entirely new, human-made reality where adaptation may not always be possible. While technology is no silver bullet, human ingenuity, and our ability to overcome challenges, as seen from the various solutions that currently exist, offer scope for optimism. Where there are ideas and innovation, there is hope.
通过《绿色技术手册》，你可以弄清自己目前可以做些什么，来帮助克服这些挑战。它展示出，人人都可以使用一些解决方案来应对与气候变化有关的挑战。它旨在激励人们尽可能广泛地分享这些技术，并使个人、企业和政府能够成为解决方案的一部分。
The Green Technology Book, will enable you to find out what you can do today to help overcome these challenges. It demonstrates that there are solutions that everyone can use to tackle climate change-related challenges. Its aim is to inspire people to share these technologies as widely as possible, and to empower individuals, businesses, and governments to be part of the solution.
世界一半以上的人口居住在城市，城市越来越容易遭受极端天气事件的影响，包括气温上升。目前有许多可用的解决方案，其中之一是将物联网技术与节能冷却系统相结合，实现建筑物的智能温度调节。（图：seraficus / E+）
Over half of the world’s population lives in cities, which are increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, including rising temperatures. Internet of Things technologies combined with energy-efficient cooling systems to enable smart temperature regulation in buildings is one of many solutions available. (Photo: seraficus / E+)
在线阅读全文，进一步了解绿色技术手册。
Read the full article online and learn more about the Green Technology Book.
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