2021年全国甲卷
A
Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England | It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像). |
Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England | I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest. |
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A. Writers. B. Photographers.
C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow-covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book.
B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine.
D. In a biography.
答案及解析：
1. B. Photographers.
解析：根据第一段中的描述，Take a view是一个每年举行一次的比赛，旨在展示英国风景摄影的佳作。因此，最有可能参加这个比赛的是摄影师。
2. A. They are winter images.
解析：Shepherd的作品描述了一个冬天的傍晚，而Smith的作品则是他在家乡Macclesfield拍摄的冬季图片。两者都提到了冬季，因此它们都是冬季图像。
3. C. In an art magazine.
解析：文本内容涉及摄影比赛和获奖作品，这些信息通常会在艺术杂志中找到，而不是在历史书、小说或传记中。
B
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial.
C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A. She loves staying with her mother.
B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition.
D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January.
B. They enjoyed exploring new places.
C. They lived with their grandmothers.
D. They were brought to the reserve young.
7. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
答案及解析：
4. D. Successful.
解析：文章提到Port Lympne Reserve的繁殖计划成功迎来了第40头黑犀牛幼崽的出生，这表明该繁殖计划是成功的。
5. C. She is in good condition.
解析：Paul Beer提到新生的犀牛幼崽健康、强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和探索，这说明幼崽的状况良好。
6. A. They had their first born in January.
解析：文章中提到Solio和Kisima都是第一次做母亲，并且她们的幼崽都是在1月出生的，因此这是她们的相似经历。
7. D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
解析：文章最后一段提到，目前还太早无法判断这些幼崽是否适合被送回到受保护的野生区域，这暗示了Port Lympne Reserve可能会将一些犀牛送到受保护的野生区域。
C
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. within a couple of years, I’d given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed.
B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don’t worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding.
B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks.
D. To relive his childhood days.
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for children’s health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging.
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
答案及解析：
8. A. He felt disappointed.
解析：根据第一段，作者在搬到伦敦后感到失落和不适应，因为没有了他喜爱的海滩和持续的蓝天，这表明他感到失望。
9. B. Well done!
解析：根据第二段中的描述，当作者成功完成一个特技时，他的朋友们大声喊“Safe! Safe! Safe!”，这表明这些话是表示赞扬和认可，意思是“做得好!”。
10. D. To relive his childhood days.
解析：根据最后两段，作者回到伦敦后喜欢在Southbank消磨时间，他回忆起20年前自己是那里的一名本地滑板手，这表明他想重温他的童年时光。
11. C. Children need a sense of belonging.
解析：整篇文章讲述了作者在伦敦Southbank找到归属感的故事，他通过滑板运动和当地的滑板手建立了一种联系，这传达了孩子们需要归属感的消息。
D
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?
A. They’re unfair. B. They’re conservative.
C. They’re objective. D. They’re strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors’ concepts.
D. Changes in people’s social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
答案及解析：
12. A. They’re unfair.
解析：根据第三段，历史上的胜利者设定了加入天才俱乐部的标准，而这些标准往往忽略了女性和其他种族或信仰的人的贡献，这表明作者认为这些标准是不公平的。
13. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
解析：根据第四段，研究表明女孩们早在六岁时就不太可能认为自己的性别成员“非常非常聪明”，并且她们会根据这种信念采取行动，这表明女孩们可能会受到社会信念的影响。
14. A. Improved global communication.
解析：根据第五段，在一个不断进行全球通信的互联世界中，我们都有机会看到天才的出现，这意味着更好的全球通信让更多的天才为公众所知。
15. B. Genius Takes Many Forms
解析：整篇文章探讨了天才的本质，指出天才不仅仅是像爱因斯坦这样的白人男性，而是不受性别、种族和阶级等社会因素限制的。文章最后提到，未来的天才来自那些具有智慧、创造力、毅力和简单好运的人，他们能够改变世界。因此，最佳标题应该是“天才有多种形式”。
