2024年全国甲卷
A
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880 -1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics program and great potters from Quincy,Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit(编织).
21.What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings.
B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities.
D. It is a major tourist attraction.
22. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor.
B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing.
D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
23.What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance.
B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a local museum
D. Feed invertebrates.
答案解析：
21. 根据文章第一段中的描述，ARTS FIRST 是哈佛社区艺术创造力的年度庆典，包括表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动。这是一个面向所有年龄段哈佛成员的公共活动。因此，ARTS FIRST 提供的是娱乐活动，故选C。
22. 根据第二个活动的标题“Light Awash in Watercolor”以及其下的描述，这个活动是关于水彩画的材料和质量的学习，适合对绘画感兴趣的人。故选A。
23. 根据第三个活动的描述“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.”，可以与Javier Marin一起做的是制作手工艺品。故选B。
B
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face
and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet
cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
24.What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It’s a survival skill.
B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret.
D. It's getting louder with age.
25.How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds.
B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells.
D. By communicating with other cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase “take ... up notch” in paragraph 3?
A. perform appropriately.
B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely.
D. Do better.
27. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat
D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
答案解析：
24. 第一段中提到，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音来表达需求，如寻求帮助、吓跑危险动物或寻找庇护所。这表明猫的喵喵叫是一种生存技能。故选A。
25. 第二段中提到，猫使用它们的鼻子来评估环境，寻找危险迹象。它们会在选择休息地点前嗅探特定区域。这表明宠物猫通过嗅觉来评估不同情况。故选C。
26. 第三段中的“take ... up a notch”意味着猫将拾取物品并带回家的行为提升了一个档次。在这个上下文中，它指的是猫做得更好，更上一层楼。故选D。
27. 整篇文章讲述了猫的不同行为，包括它们如何通过喵喵叫来表达需求，如何使用嗅觉来评估环境，以及它们带礼物给主人的行为。这些内容都是为了帮助读者理解猫的行为。故选B。
C
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
"People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning," says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. "
28.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries.
B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital.
D. It travels along a river.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated.
B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city.
D. It needs medical aid.
30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year.
B. About ten months.
C. About two months.
D. About two weeks.
31. What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services?A. Appreciative.
B.Doubtful
C. Ambiguous.
D. Cautious.
答案解析：
28. 第一段明确提到，圣卢卡斯列车不接受乘客，只接受病人。它是一列政府赞助的医疗列车，为偏远地区的居民提供基本医疗护理。这表明圣卢卡斯列车与其他列车不同，它充当了医院的功能。故选C。
29. 第三段提到，俄罗斯公共卫生服务亟需现代化，尤其是在伏尔加河以东的贫困农村地区，包括克拉斯诺亚尔斯克。政府正在努力采取措施解决这个问题，这表明克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。故选D。
30. 第四段中提到，每年有10个月的时间，列车在两个星期内停靠大约8个站点，停靠完这些站点后，列车返回地区首府进行加油和补给。可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以维持大约两周。故选D。
31. 最后一段中，摄影师Emile Ducke表示，他对于医生和他们在如此小的空间里工作和生活印象深刻，他们非常专注并且非常关心病人。他认为对于许多农村人来说，这是他们获得所需治疗的最好机会。这表明Ducke对圣卢卡斯列车提供的服务是感激和赞赏的。故选A。
D
"I didn't like the ending," I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver， but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end - that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters.
That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won't tell you what your ending should be - that's up to you and the story you're telling - but it might provide what you need to get there.
32.Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel.
B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer.
D. To ask for a reading list.
33. What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by characters
C. Each type of literature has its unique ending
D.A story which begins well will end well
34. What is expected of a good ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive.
D. It is open for imagination.
35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists.
B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine.
D. To recommend their new books.
答案解析：
32. 第一段中，作者提到自己刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，并因为结局而心碎，然后向最喜欢的大学教授Prof. Gracie表达了自己对结局的不喜欢。这表明作者去找Prof. Gracie是为了讨论这部小说。故选A。
33. 第二段中，作者提到这是一个顿悟的时刻，从此以后，作者再也不会用同样的方式去思考结局。作者开始根据想要的结局类型来选择阅读材料，这表明作者意识到每种文学类型都有其独特的结局。故选C。
34. 第三段中，作者提到写作结局很难，因为结局对读者来说承载了很多重量。作者必须平衡创造一个不可预测但又不显得突兀的结局，一个适合角色的结局。这表明一个好的结局应该符合故事的发展。故选B。
35. 最后一段中，作者提到这一期的《作家文摘》旨在帮助作者们为他们的作品写出最好的结局。然后提到了Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims在杂志中的贡献，这是为了强调这一期的主题，即如何写出好的结局。故选B。
