“世界各地的博物馆其实一直在努力转变观点,采用非殖民化视角”
© 泰瑞·格里夫斯(Teri Greeves) / 照片:丹·巴索蒂(Dan Barsotti) 来自美国俄克拉荷马州基奥瓦部落的艺术家泰瑞·格 里 夫 斯(Teri Greeves)的作品《NDN艺术》(NDN Art)使用了传统的基奥瓦串珠工艺。
博物馆未来中心隶属于行业组织美国博物馆联盟,它的创始董事、战略前瞻部副主管伊丽莎白·梅里特(Elizabeth Merritt)指出:“博物馆终于意识到,不仅要对周边社区负责,更要对全球社会负责。”
梅里特说:“这是大范围的文化转向的一部分,旨在摆脱占主流的殖民叙事,这种叙事在过去几百年里一直从根本上影响着收藏行业。”
“博物馆终于意识到,不仅要对周边社区负责,更要对全球社会负责”
联合国教科文组织推出全球首个被盗文物虚拟博物馆
Museums change their story
It’s been said that history is written by the victors. The American Museum of Natural History in New York City and other museums around the world are working to change that. Aware that their collections often reflect bygone attitudes of colonialism, they are rethinking their role and approach.
Rachel Felder
Cultural journalist and author in New York, USA
Since it first opened in the late 1800s, New York City’s American Museum of Natural History has been a popular destination for locals and tourists. These days, the experience is very different than it was for visitors 150 years ago, and not just because they walk in with mobile phones and bluetooth earbud cases in their pockets.
UNESCO launches the first Virtual Museum of Stolen Cultural Objects
The theft, looting and illicit trafficking of cultural property are crimes. They deprive people of their history and culture, undermine long-term social cohesion, fuel organized crime and help finance terrorism. To step up the fight against this scourge, Director-General Audrey Azoulay announced the creation of a virtual museum of stolen cultural objects at UNESCO's Mondiacult world conference in 2022: “Our objective is to place these works back in the spotlight, and to restore the right of societies to access their heritage, experience it, and recognize themselves in it,” she said about the project.
For decades, we have been witnessing an acceleration in attacks on heritage, causing irreparable damage in numerous countries. The increase in illicit trafficking is alarming. The annual figures regarding international cooperation conducted by INTERPOL are indisputable: 60 arrests and 11,049 objects recovered in 2023. Given their significance as heritage and their financial value, cultural objects are likely to attract the attention of both petty thieves and organized crime.
Protecting cultural heritage preserves our shared history, and only collective action can stem the illegal trade in stolen cultural objects; the fight against illicit trafficking is therefore everyone's responsibility. To raise awareness among the general public, particularly young people, of the issues surrounding illicit trafficking and to facilitate the recovery of stolen and missing cultural objects around the world, this innovative and immersive project will be run by UNESCO, in collaboration with its Member States, technical partners and local communities.
The design of the platform has been entrusted to Francis Kéré, an architect from Burkina Faso and winner of the 2022 Pritzker Architecture Prize, who was inspired by the shape of a baobab tree, “symbol of resilience and central to the lives of many African communities”. The first sketches and plans for this digital museum were presented on 3 October 2023 at UNESCO Headquarters.
UNESCO explains that visitors will explore the virtual spaces as they would in a real museum, with access to 3D modelling of objects and educational digital content, as well as stories and testimonies from communities affected by the disappearance of cultural property.
A first version of the museum, featuring some 600 stolen and missing cultural objects, will be launched in 2025. UNESCO Member States have been invited to select objects whose disappearance and theft have significantly impoverished their national cultural heritage.
Links:
INTERPOL’s annual figures regarding international cooperation
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2023/International-art-trafficking-operation-leads-to-60-arrests-and-over-11-000-objects-recovered
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