全球芯片制造商准备在日本建厂
文摘
财经
2023-05-19 12:12
北京
英国《金融时报》网站于2023年5月18日发表题为《科技脱钩加速，全球芯片制造商准备扩大在日生产》的文章。以下观点不代表任何译者立场，现将全文翻译如下：Global chipmakers to expand in Japan as tech decoupling acceleratesRising tensions between west and China reshape global semiconductor supply chainJapanese prime minister Fumio Kishida, seventh from left, meets executives from major semiconductor manufacturers in Tokyo on Thursday © Jiji Press/AFP/Getty Images日本首相岸田文雄（左七）周四在东京会见主要半导体制造商的高管 Leo Lewis and Kana Inagaki in Tokyo YESTERDAYSeven of the world’s largest semiconductor makers have set out plans to increase manufacturing and deepen tech partnerships in Japan as western allies step up efforts to reshape the global chip supply chain amid rising tensions with China.中西关系不断紧张，西方联盟加紧推动全球芯片供应链重构，七家全球最大半导体制造商计划在日本扩大生产，深化技术合作。At an unprecedented meeting in Tokyo with Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida, the heads of chipmakers including Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, South Korea’s Samsung Electronics and Intel and Micron of the US described plans that could transform Japan’s prospects of re-emerging as a semiconductor powerhouse.在东京与日本首相岸田文雄历史性会面时，台湾台积电、韩国三星电子、美国英特尔和美光的负责人描述这些计划可能让日本重新崛起为半导体强国。Micron said it expected to invest up to ¥500bn ($3.7bn), including Japanese state subsidies, to build a plant to produce cutting-edge extreme ultraviolet lithography technology in Hiroshima.美光表示，公司预计将投资高达5000亿日元，其中包括日本政府的补贴，在广岛建立一个生产尖端极紫外光刻技术的工厂。Samsung is also discussing setting up a ¥30bn research and development centre in Yokohama with pilot lines for semiconductor devices. Japanese government officials said the move followed a thaw in relations between Tokyo and Seoul. Samsung was not available for comment.三星也在讨论在横滨建立研发中心，预计投资300亿日元，并装备半导体设备试制线。日本政府官员称，此举是在日韩关系解冻后进行的。三星并未置评。“Japan’s role has risen as like-minded nations work to strengthen their supply chains,” said Yasutoshi Nishimura, Japan’s minister of economy, trade and industry, following the meeting with chip chief executives. “We reconfirmed the strong potential for Japan’s semiconductor industry.” “随着志同道合的国家努力加强他们的供应链，日本的角色得到了提升。”日本经产省大臣西村康稔在与芯片公司首席执行官会面后表示：“我们重新确认了日本半导体产业的强大潜力。”The announcement comes as Japan prepares to host a G7 summit where economic security will be a focus of talks. Semiconductors in particular have emerged as an area of intense focus for the US and allies. 就在日本准备举办G7峰会，经济安全将是讨论重点之际我们看到了这一宣布，半导体已成为美国及盟友尤为密切关注的领域。The easing of longstanding tensions between South Korea and Japan comes as the US has deployed significant diplomatic capital to urge closer alignment among its allies in the region against the perceived threat of China’s expanding technological and military powers, and to reduce dependency on chips produced by TSMC and others in Taiwan. 长期紧张的日韩关系缓解的同时，美国正在动用重要外交资源，敦促美国东亚地区盟友更团结，共同应对两国西边大国不断扩大的科技和军事力量威胁，减少对台积电等在台制造商的芯片依赖。TSMC, the world’s biggest contract chipmaker, also expressed the possibility of more investment in Japan after it agreed to build a new plant in the south-western prefecture of Kumamoto. 台积电，全球最大的代工芯片制造商，在同意在日本的熊本县建立一家新工厂后，也表示有可能在日本进一步投资。Nishimura also referred to conversations with Intel on greater co-operation with Japanese chipmakers and said he had discussed co-operation among Applied Materials, IBM and Japan’s Rapidus. 西村还提到了日本芯片制造商与英特尔进行更广泛的合作，并表示他已经探讨了日本Rapidus、美国应材公司和IBM之间合作的可能。The gathering of the chipmakers in Tokyo adds further definition to the industrial blocs that are emerging as soured US-China relations continue to produce signs of decoupling in global supply chains. 芯片制造商聚首东京，进一步明确了产业集团正在出现，而大背景是中美关系持续恶化，全球供应链持续脱钩。“Investing in secure supply chains and a strategic partnership for your economic and national security is the key cornerstone of confronting economic coercion,” Rahm Emanuel, the US ambassador to Japan, told the Financial Times. 美国驻日本大使拉姆·伊曼纽尔告诉《金融时报》：“为经济和国家安全投资安全的供应链和战略伙伴关系，是对抗经济胁迫的关键基石。”Under an economic security law that Japan enacted last year, the government declared semiconductors a product essential to daily lives and economic activity.根据日本去年颁布的一项经济安全法，政府宣布半导体是日常生活和经济活动必不可少的产品。Nishimura said the government would use ¥1.3tn earmarked in Japan’s supplementary budget last year to support the pledges made by foreign chipmakers. 西村表示，政府将使用去年预留的1.3万亿日元来支持外国芯片制造商做出的承诺。Ahead of the G7 summit, Kishida is due to meet US president Joe Biden on Thursday. The two countries’ leaders are expected to announce a $70mn deal to educate and train 20,000 semiconductor engineers at 11 universities in the US and Japan, including Purdue University, Hiroshima University and Tohoku University, according to a person involved in the discussions. 在G7峰会前，岸田文雄首相将于周四与美国总统拜登会面。据参与讨论的一位人士透露，两国领导人预计宣布一项7000万美元的协议，培养20000名11所美国和日本大学的半导体工程师，其中包括美国的普渡大学和日本的广岛大学与东北大学。Japan’s use of generous subsidies to attract chipmakers is tempered by concerns that efforts to expand the semiconductor industry will be undercut by the country’s shrinking workforce, including a chronic shortage of engineers.日本用慷慨的补贴吸引芯片制造商，但也有人担心扩大半导体行业的努力会受制于日本不断萎缩的劳动力，包括长期缺乏工程师。
