哈马斯最高领导人伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚在德黑兰遇袭身亡
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2024-07-31 12:33
山西
美国纽约时报网站于2024年7月30日发表题为《哈马斯政治领导人伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚在德黑兰遇袭身亡：我们对他所知的一切》的文章。以下观点不代表任何译者立场，现将全文翻译如下：What We Know About Ismail Haniyeh, the Hamas Political Leader Killed in Tehran哈马斯政治领导人伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚在德黑兰遇袭身亡：我们对他所知的一切He was central to the group’s high-stakes negotiations and diplomacy.Ismail Haniyeh, a top Hamas leader, in Tehran in March. Majid Asgaripour/Wana News Agency, via ReutersBy Ephrat Livni
July 30, 2024
Ismail Haniyeh, one of Hamas’s top leaders who in recent years led the Palestinian militant group’s political operations while in exile in Qatar and Turkey, was killed in Tehran on Tuesday.伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚，哈马斯的高层领导人之一，近年来在卡塔尔和土耳其流亡期间主导该组织的政治运作。周二，他在德黑兰被杀。Mr. Haniyeh was in Iran with other senior members of Iran’s “axis of resistance” — which includes Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen.哈尼亚正与伊朗“抵抗轴心”的其他高级成员在伊朗会面，联盟包括加沙的哈马斯、黎巴嫩的真主党和也门的胡塞武装。As Hamas’s political leader, he was central to the group’s high-stakes negotiations and diplomacy, including the stalled cease-fire deal negotiations with Israel. He was believed to be 62.作为哈马斯的政治领袖，哈尼亚在组织的高风险谈判和外交活动中扮演着核心角色，包括与以色列停滞不前的停火协议谈判。他终年62岁。Mr. Haniyeh was born in 1962 in the Shati refugee camp north of Gaza City, to Palestinian parents who in 1948 had been displaced from their home in what is now Israel, in Ashkelon. He studied at schools run by the main United Nations agency for Palestinians, UNRWA, and went on to study Arabic literature at the Islamic University of Gaza.哈尼亚1962年出生于加沙城北部的沙蒂难民营，父母于1948年被迫离开位于如今以色列境内的阿什克隆的家园。他在联合国巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处（UNRWA）开办的学校就读，后在加沙伊斯兰大学攻读阿拉伯文学。He was arrested by the Israeli military and served several sentences in Israeli jails in the 1980s and 1990s.在20世纪80年代和90年代，哈尼亚多次被以色列军方逮捕并在以色列监狱服刑。The Hamas leader’s ascent to power in Gaza was aided by his mentor, the spiritual leader and a founder of Hamas, Sheik Yassin. Mr. Haniyeh served as Mr. Yassin’s personal secretary. The two were targets of an attempted Israeli assassination attempt in 2003; the next year, Mr. Yassin was killed by the Israeli military.哈马斯精神领袖兼创始人谢赫·亚辛是哈尼亚的导师，在他的帮助下，哈尼亚在加沙逐步攀升至权力巅峰。哈尼亚曾担任亚辛的私人秘书。2003年，两人共同成为以色列一次暗杀行动的目标；次年，亚辛被以色列军方杀害。“You don’t have to cry,” Mr. Haniyeh told a crowd gathered outside Shifa Hospital in Gaza City at the time. “You have to be steadfast, and you have to be ready for revenge.”当时，哈尼亚对聚集在加沙城希法医院外的人群说：“你们不必哭泣。你们必须坚强，准备好复仇。”Mr. Haniyeh was named the leader of Hamas in Gaza in 2006. That year, he briefly served as prime minister of a Palestinian unity government, which was dissolved after months of tension that included armed conflict between Palestinian factions. The failure of this government was blamed in part on Hamas refusing to fulfill international conditions for recognition, including renouncing violence, recognizing Israel’s right to exist and accepting signed agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization.2006年，哈尼亚被任命为哈马斯在加沙的领导人。同年，他短暂担任巴勒斯坦联合政府的总理，但这个政府在几个月的紧张局势和巴勒斯坦派系间武装冲突后解散。政府的失败部分归咎于哈马斯拒绝满足国际社会提出的承认条件，包括放弃暴力、承认以色列的生存权以及接受以色列与巴勒斯坦解放组织签署的协议。Israel soon imposed sanctions and restrictions on the Gaza Strip, as did Egypt. When rockets launched from Gaza fell into Israel in 2008, Israel strengthened its blockade on Gaza. Hamas remained in control in the region, fired thousands of rockets into Israel, survived multiple wars against the Israeli military and continuously built up its military force.随后，以色列和埃及对加沙地带实施了制裁和限制。2008年，当从加沙发射的火箭弹落入以色列时，以色列加强了对加沙的封锁。哈马斯继续控制该地区，向以色列发射了数千枚火箭弹，在多次与以色列军方的战争中幸存，并不断增强其军事力量。In 2017, Mr. Haniyeh was named the senior leader of Hamas at a time when it was trying to soften its public image as it jockeyed for influence among Palestinians and internationally.2017年，哈马斯正试图软化其公众形象，从而在巴勒斯坦人中间和国际舞台上争取影响力，此时哈尼亚被任命为组织最高领导人。Mr. Haniyeh led Hamas from Qatar and Turkey in recent years. He was among the negotiators in ongoing talks between Israel and Hamas, mediated by Egypt, Qatar and the United States, to end the war in Gaza in exchange for hostages captured in the Hamas-led attack on Israel.近年来，哈尼亚从卡塔尔和土耳其远程领导哈马斯。他是以色列与哈马斯之间正在进行的谈判的谈判代表之一，这些谈判由埃及、卡塔尔和美国调解，旨在结束加沙战争，换取哈马斯对以袭击中被俘的人质。The International Criminal Court arrest warrantIn May, the prosecutor for the International Criminal Court said he would seek an arrest warrant for Mr. Haniyeh. The prosecutor accused him and other Hamas leaders of war crimes and crimes against humanity in relation to the Oct. 7 attack on Israel, including “extermination, murder, taking of hostages, rape and sexual assault in detention.”今年5月，国际刑事法院检察官表示，他将争取对哈尼亚发出逮捕令。检察官指控他和其他哈马斯领导人在10月7日袭击以色列的行动中犯下战争罪和危害人类罪，包括“灭绝、谋杀、劫持人质、强奸和拘留期间的性侵”。In June, Hamas said that Mr. Haniyeh’s sister and her family were killed in a strike by the Israeli military on the Haniyeh family home in Gaza, an assertion the military did not confirm. In April, three of Mr. Haniyeh’s 13 sons were killed by Israeli forces in another military operation in Gaza.6月，哈马斯称哈尼亚的姐姐及其家人在以色列军方对哈尼亚家族住宅的一次打击中丧生，但以军未予证实。4月，哈尼亚13个儿子中的3个在以色列在加沙的另一次军事行动中被击毙。He was defiant in the face of the loss, a common them in Mr. Haniyeh’s life. “We shall not give in, no matter the sacrifices,” Mr. Haniyeh said at the time, noting that he’d already lost dozens of family members in the war.面对失去，哈尼亚表现出一贯的不屈态度。他当时说：“无论付出何种代价，我们都不会屈服。”他指出，在这场战争中，他已经失去了几十名家人。
