原文信息
Coordinating regulation reliability and quality of pumped storage units for renewables by a novel scheduling-control synergic model
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924015459
Highlights
(1) 建立了考虑抽水蓄能机组水力特性和运行可靠性的双层优化调度模型
(2) 提出了15min级的短期调度与秒级尺度的实时控制相结合的方法
(3) 研究方法可增强抽水蓄能机组的运行可靠性并具有较好的调节品质
(4) 保持抽水蓄能机组的高效率运行同时实现新能源的高消纳率
Research gap
面向新能源消纳的频繁调节需求加大了抽水蓄能机组调节强度和损伤，将影响特性日益多样化的机组运行可靠性，如何协调其与调节品质之间的关系？现有的风-光-抽水蓄能互补系统的分钟级短期优化调度方法中，常忽略对机组间的差异化特性和运行可靠性的考虑，阻碍了机组调节损伤和可靠性等问题的进一步探索，亟需建立更精细的优化调度方法。此外，秒级时间尺度下的机组调节品质也受到新能源消纳需求和调度指令的影响，然而传统研究中的短期调度和秒级控制策略相互割裂，缺乏对机组水力瞬变过程的考量，难以从水力-机械特性的角度揭示机组可靠性的物理影响机理。
Abstract
As the largest electricity storage facility, pumped storage is crucial for power systems but faces significant trade-offs between regulation quality for variable renewable energy (VRE) and the reliability of pumped storage units (PSUs). The flexible regulation requirement necessitates frequent startup-shutdown cycling, part-load operations, and accelerated wear of PSUs, thereby jeopardizing their reliability. Limited research on refined PSU-level scheduling strategies compromises the reliability of PSUs and the operation of VRE systems, especially given the diverse unit characteristics within a plant. This work innovatively couples the hydraulic characteristics of PSUs with reliability-based scheduling order, proposing a refined dual-layer scheduling strategy composed of unit commitment and load dispatch within a Wind-Solar-Pumped Storage Hybrid System (WSPSHS). Meanwhile, this work breaks from the traditional independent research paradigm between scheduling and control, establishing a refined synergic approach that integrates 15-min-level scheduling with second-level power control. Furthermore, this approach supports the development of a reliability assessment model that includes metrics on effectiveness and regulation losses of PSUs. In a North China case study, four cases with different combinations of hydraulic characteristics and reliability-based scheduling orders are comparatively evaluated. The results demonstrate that: (1) the refined strategy considering hydraulic characteristics and reliability significantly improves the reliability of PSUs by 9.91%. (2) the approach can effectively regulate PSUs and manage the WSPSHS, maintaining the operating efficiency of PSUs above 90% and achieving a VRE consumption rate of 95.47%. (3) The techno-economic performance of plants can be significantly improved, reducing operational intensity and risks, particularly for low-reliability PSUs, without negatively impacting the regulation quality of the hybrid system. This work can be extended to other energy systems with PSUs for effectively balancing VRE regulation demands with PSU reliability, and offering insights for reliable and efficient operation of power stations and grids.
Keywords
Pumped storage
Operational reliability
Scheduling and control strategy
Unit commitment
Hydraulic characteristic
Renewable energy consumption
Graphics
图1 中国各省份在运及在建的抽水蓄能装机容量分布 (2022年)，图中左侧的表格代表各省份的名称代码
图4 抽水蓄能电站短期调度-秒级控制的精细化运行调节框架
图6 研究案例的抽水蓄能-新能源互补系统示意图，电站配置有2组不同特性的4台水泵水轮机组（以全特性曲线区分）
图7 调度-控制耦合方案的调节性能分析路线
图9 调度-控制耦合模型下，主要的机组各时段运行物理量变化情况： (a) 功率, (b) 效率, (c) 流量, (d) 导叶开度.
作者简介
团队介绍：
本研究由武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室和美国University of Texas at Austin的研究人员共同完成。
通信作者简介：
杨威嘉，武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室，博士，副教授、博士生导师。研究方向为水力发电系统动态特性与控制，具体研究兴趣包括大型复杂水电站优化设计及动态响应、水风光储多能系统高效智能运行、变速抽水蓄能电站调节品质及评估等。
第一作者简介：
王冉，武汉大学水利水电学院硕士研究生，研究方向为面向多能互补系统的抽水蓄能系统优化调控和机组可靠性。
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