原文信息：
Floating Wind Power in Deep-Sea Area: Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679242300001X
Highlights
• Environmental impact of a floating wind farm with 100 turbines of 6.7 MW was assessed by LCA method.
• Large-scale floating wind power deployment would not produce higher carbon footprint.
• Steel consumption was the sensitivity factor that affected the LCA assessing results.
• Steel production by electric arc furnace reduced upstream greenhouse gas emissions significantly.
• This study could provide reference value for global large-scale floating wind farm deployment.
Abstract
Floating offshore wind power, an emerging technology in the offshore wind industry, has attracted increasing attention for its potential to cooperate with other renewable energies to decarbonize energy systems. The environmental effects of the floating offshore wind farm in deep-sea areas should be considered, and methods to enhance the low-carbon effect should be devised. There have been a few studies assessing the environmental effects of the floating offshore wind farm, but the scales of these studies were relatively small. This study evaluated the environmental impacts of a floating wind farm with 100 wind turbines of 6.7 MW using life cycle assessment (LCA) method, based on the Chinese core life cycle database. Results showed that the carbon footprint of the wind farm was 25.76 g CO2-eq/kWh, which was relatively low in terms of global warming potential. Additionally, the floating offshore wind farm contributed most to eutrophication potential. A ± 20% variation in steel resulted in a ±3% to ±15% variation in the indicator score of each environmental category, indicating that the environmental performance of the wind farm was mainly influenced by this parameter. Moreover, scenario analysis showed that electric arc furnace routes can reduce the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from upstream process of the floating offshore wind farm by 1.75 Mt CO2-eq by 2030. Emission reduction of the steel industry will further reduce the carbon footprint of the floating offshore wind farm. In the future, more baseline data need to be collected to improve the reliability of LCA. The effects of the floating offshore wind farm on marine ecology and atmospheric physical characteristics remain to be investigated in depth.
Keywords
Deep-sea area
Offshore wind
Floating wind power
Life cycle assessment
Environmental effects
Greenhouse gas emissions
Graphics
Graphic Abstract
Fig. 3. System boundary of the floating offshore wind power. (I) Components manufacturing and transport, (II) wind farm construction, (III) O&M, and (IV) decommissioning activity.
Fig. 4. Material flows of the floating offshore wind farm (OWF) during its lifetime.
Fig. 5. Life cycle environmental impacts for the baseline case. | (a) Relative contributions of the floating OWF to each impact category in each life cycle stage. (b) Normalized analysis of the LCA results.
Fig. 6. Sensitivity analysis of the LCA results. | (a) Given the uncertainties of the foreground data, the effects of ±20% variation in input parameters on the LCA results. (b) Statistical distribution of the LCA results in each impact category considering the uncertainties in background data (representing percentiles 2.5, 25, 50, 75, and 97.5, i.e., 95% confidence interval).
Fig. 7. GHG emissions intensity for different types of renewable energy generation.
Fig. 8.GHG emissions from global floating wind power deployment for 2020–2030. | (a) Prediction of the cumulative GHG emissions of offshore wind power technology with various steel production routes. The new installed capacity was provided by GWEC’s Global Offshore Wind Report 2021. (b) Average GHG emission intensity of steel production in different countries, where large-scale floating OWFs will be deployed.
作者简介
通讯作者：
冯景春，广东工业大学百人计划教授，博士生导师。广东工业大学与南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）共建“滨海与深海生态环境研究中心”主任。主要从事海洋天然气水合物与海洋甲烷释放的环境生态效应相关研究。主持国家重大科研仪器研制项目，国家重点研发青年科学家项目、国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目等十余项，入选中国科学院青年创新促进会会员，获得中国科学院院长特别奖和中国科学院优秀博士学位论文等奖励。发表相关领域SCI论文近100篇，获授权中国发明专利近30项，PCT专利10项，申请美国专利6项。https://seer.gdut.edu.cn/info/1029/1062.htm
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