不知道最近大家有没有遇到这类皮肤问题：坚持护肤，但皮肤更松弛了；皱纹增多，但皮肤敏感不敢乱用护肤品等等。科鉴是一个新锐护肤品牌，可以说是抗衰逆龄一把手不为过！作为品牌主理人，今晚7点，Kyle将会在直播间毫无保留地分享护肤知识、行业秘密。现在扫码预约，开播后会准时提醒。直播间内也有专属福利：1元体验科鉴白金面膜，加赠30元无门槛复购券。这款是科鉴的明星产品，上市以来，帮助过很多人解决皮肤问题、找回健康肌肤状态。在日本，有这样一对夫妇，在20年里，连生12个孩子。丈夫叫漆山亨，今年49岁。妻子叫漆山佳月，今年44岁。
![]()
在20年的时间里，他们一共生下了11个孩子，最大的快20岁，最小的才刚学会走路。
![]()
就在媒体曝光以后不久，他们又迎来了第12个孩子。
![]()
![]()
这个拥有6男6女、14人的大家庭也就此形成！
可伴随而来的不仅仅是网友们的祝福，还有很大一部分的质疑和嘲讽。
其中一个最大的问题是：他们靠什么生活？怎么养大这12个孩子呢？而且，连生这么多孩子，身体受得了吗？
其实接连怀孕，确实会对女人生理上造成很大的损伤，不过有时也会因人而异。
今天我们就一起来看一个TED短片，它将会给大家简述那些关于怀孕的惊人事实。
演讲题目：The surprising effects of pregnanc![]()
Muscles and joints shift and jostle. The heart’s pounding rhythm speeds up. Blood roars through arteries and veins. Over the course of a pregnancy, every organ in the body changes. Ignited by a range of hormones, these changes begin as soon as pregnancy begins.肌肉与关节发生移位和挤压。心跳节奏加快，血液在动脉和静脉中轰鸣。在怀孕过程中，体内的每个器官都在发生变化。由一系列激素引发的这些变化在怀孕初期便会出现。Just days after fertilization, the embryo implants in the lining of the uterus. Because its DNA doesn’t exactly match the mother’s, the immune system should theoretically recognize it as an invader, attack, and destroy it, like it would bacteria or other harmful microbes. That’s the challenge: the mother’s immune system needs to protect both her and the fetus, but can’t act as it usually does.在受精后的几天内，胚胎就会被植入子宫内膜。因为它的DNA与母亲的DNA不完全匹配，理论上来说，免疫系统会将它视为一个入侵者，并对其实施攻击和摧毁，就如同对待细菌和其他的有害微生物一样。于是挑战出现了：母亲的免疫系统需要同时保护自身和胎儿，但又不能像往常那样运作。What happens is not as simple as decreasing the immune response. Instead, it’s a complex interaction we’re just beginning to understand, involving many different types of immune cells— some of which seem to protect the fetus from attack by other immune cells. The body also creates an antibacterial plug made of mucus on the cervix, which keeps germs away and stays sealed until labor.事情并不像降低免疫反应那么简单。相反的，这是一个复杂的相互作用，对此我们也才刚刚有所了解。它涉及许多不同类型的免疫细胞——其中一些细胞似乎在保护胎儿免受其他免疫细胞的攻击。人体还在子宫颈上制造了一个由粘液构成的抗菌栓，以防止细菌入侵并保持密封直至分娩。As a pregnancy progresses, the uterus expands upward and outward with the growing fetus. To make room, hormones called progesterone and relaxin signal muscles to loosen. The muscles that propel food and waste through the digestive tract also loosen, which makes them sluggish, causing constipation as passage through the tract slows down. Loosened muscles at the top of the stomach might allow acid to escape into the esophagus and throat, causing heartburn and reflux. These changes can worsen morning sickness, which is caused in part by hormone HCG— and can also happen at other times of day.随着妊娠的推进，子宫会随着胎儿的生长而向上和向外伸展。为了腾出空间，被称为孕酮和松弛素的激素会对肌肉发出放松的信号。那些在消化道内推动食物和排泄物的肌肉也会变得松弛。这使肌肉运动变得迟缓，使其通过消化道的速度放慢，因而造成便秘。胃部上方松弛的肌肉可能使胃酸逃入食道和咽喉，引起胃灼热和逆流。这些变化会加剧晨间孕吐。这一部分是由HCG激素引起——也可能发生在一天中的其他时间。As the uterus grows, it pushes on the diaphragm, the muscle that expands and contracts the chest with each breath. This limits the diaphragm’s range. To compensate, the hormone progesterone acts as a respiratory stimulant, making the pregnant woman breathe faster so both she and the baby can both get enough oxygen with less lung capacity. This all may leave the pregnant woman feeling short of breath.不断胀大的子宫会挤压横膈膜，一种每次呼吸都会扩张和收缩胸部的肌肉，这也限制了横膈膜的运动范围。作为弥补，黄体酮激素发挥了呼吸兴奋剂的作用。它使孕妇呼吸加快，让她和胎儿在肺活量减小的情况下，也可以得到足够的氧气。这也可能使孕妇感到喘不过气。Meanwhile, the kidneys make more erythropoietin, a hormone that increases red blood cell production. The kidneys also keep extra water and salt rather than filtering it out into urine to build up the volume of the blood. A pregnant woman’s blood volume increases by 50% or more.同时，肾脏制造出更多的红血球生成素，一种提高红细胞生成的激素。肾脏还会把额外的水和盐分储存起来，而不是将其过滤到尿液中，以增加血液容量。孕妇的血液容量会增加50%以上。But it’s also a bit diluted, because it only has 25% more red blood cells. Usually, the body makes blood cells using iron from our food. But during pregnancy, the fetus is also building its own blood supply from nutrients in the mother’s food— leaving less iron and other nutrients for the mother.但血液也被稍微稀释了，因为其中的红细胞含量只增加了25%。通常，人体利用食物中的铁元素制造血细胞。但在怀孕期间，胎儿也从母亲的食物中吸收营养以建立自己的血液供应，从而减少了母亲体内的铁和其他营养成分。The heart has to work extra hard to pump all this blood through the body and placenta. A pregnant woman’s heart rate increases, but we don’t fully understand how blood pressure changes in a healthy pregnancy— an important area of research, because some of the most serious complications are related to the heart and blood pressure. The expanding uterus may press on veins— causing fluid buildup in the legs and feet. If it presses on a large vein called the inferior vena cava, it might interfere with blood returning to the heart, causing a dizzying drop in blood pressure after standing for too long.心脏必须格外用力才能把血液泵送到全身和胎盘。孕妇的心率会增加，但我们还不完全了解血压在健康妊娠内如何变化——这是一个重要的研究领域，因为一些严重的并发症与心脏和血压有关。扩展中的子宫会压迫静脉造成下肢水肿。如果压迫到被称为下腔静脉的大静脉上，就可能干扰到血液流回到心脏，导致孕妇在站立过久后血压下降，感到眩晕。Some of these changes start to reverse even before birth. Shortly before delivery, the fetus drops down, decreasing the pressure on the diaphragm and allowing the pregnant woman to take deeper breaths. During labor and birth, much of the extra fluid in the body is lost when the water breaks. The uterus shrinks back down in the weeks after birth.其中有些变化甚至在婴儿出生前就会开始发生逆转。在分娩前夕，胎儿的位置下移，从而减轻了对横膈膜的压力，使孕妇能够进行深呼吸。在分娩期间，体内多余的积水会因羊水破裂而流失。子宫会在分娩后的几周内收缩。Like the rest of the body, pregnancy affects the brain— but its effects here are some of the least understood. Recent studies show differences in brain scans after pregnancy and early parenting, and suggest that these changes are adaptive. That means they could help with parenting skills, such as an increased ability to read facial cues since babies can’t talk.就像身体的其他部分一样，妊娠会影响大脑——但我们对其影响却知之甚少。最新的研究显示，妊娠后和早期育儿阶段的大脑成像上存在差异，表明这些变化是适应性的。这也说明它们可能有助于提高育儿技巧。比如，由于婴儿不会说话，母亲对面部表情的读解能力会有所提升。The lack of information about pregnancy’s effects on the brain highlights a general truth: historically, almost all the research around pregnancy has focused on the fetus, rather than pregnant women. Experiences of pregnancy vary widely, both within the range of healthy pregnancies and due to complicating health conditions— new research will help us understand why, and develop effective treatments where necessary.缺乏有关妊娠对大脑影响的信息也突出了一个普遍的事实：几乎所有历来有关妊娠的研究针对的都是胎儿，而非孕妇。对妊娠的体验存在着很大的差异，这既出现在健康妊娠范畴中，也由复杂的健康状况引起——新的研究将帮助我们了解其原因，并开发出必要和有效的治疗方法。In the meantime, every pregnancy is different, and it’s important to consult a doctor with any specific questions. Today, we’re turning an exciting corner, as more research is devoted to the astounding biology of pregnancy.同时，每次妊娠的情况都不同，因而向医生咨询任何具体问题是非常重要的。今天，我们迎来了一个激动人心的转折点，致力于令人震惊的怀孕生物学的研究正在蓬勃发展。Remark：一切权益归TED所有，更多TED相关信息可至官网www.ted.com查询！
![]()
