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Bassirou Diomaye Faye holds a press conference after winning the presidential elections in Dakar, Senegal March 25, 2024。2024年3月25日，巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶赢得总统选举后举行了新闻发布会（达喀尔,塞内加尔） In a remarkable turn of events, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, a 44-year-old leader of the opposition who was relatively unknown until recently, was declared Senegal's president-elect on Monday. This announcement came less than two weeks after Faye was freed from prison, enabling him to participate in the election. Although the official tally from Sunday's election hadn't been finalized, the former prime minister, considered a leading contender and supported by the sitting President Macky Sall, acknowledged his defeat based on early counts. Subsequently, President Sall extended his congratulations to Faye, effectively recognizing him as the victor.
Faye's win mirrored the young population's discontent with rampant unemployment and governance issues in the West African country. In his initial address as the president-elect late on Monday, the ex-tax inspector pledged to begin a new era after the period of unrest and numerous political detentions preceding the election.
在一系列出人意料的事件演变之后，巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶(Bassirou Diomaye Faye)，这位直至最近还不为人熟知的44岁反对党领袖，于周一被正式宣布为塞内加尔的新任总统。这一消息传来时，法耶刚从监狱获释、参加选举不足两周。虽然周日举行的选举最终结果尚未出炉，但被认为是有力竞争者、并获现任总统麦基·萨勒(Macky Sall)支持的前总理已根据初步统计数据承认了败选。紧接着，萨勒总统向法耶表示了祝贺，这等于是间接确认了他的胜利。法耶赢得大选，折射出这个西非国家年轻人对失业高企和治理难题的强烈不满。周一晚上，作为新晋总统，他在首次发言中承诺，要在经历了选前的暴乱和政治拘捕的风波后，带领国家翻开崭新的篇章。
文 | Caroline Liang
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Protesters clash violently with riot police, arson at the scene (AFP photo) 示威者与防爆警察激烈冲突， 现场纵火（法新社照片）2024.2 Dakar, Senegal
Presidential elections are always a major event in any country, but they take on an extra layer of drama in Africa, perfectly embodying the essence of commercial drama, or “DramaBizz.” Last month, due to a work coincidence, I found myself in Senegal right when their presidential election was unexpectedly postponed to the end of the year. This postponement sparked a series of riots that moved me to write the article “Senegal: constitutional coup 塞内加尔的宪政危机与非洲的资源诅咒（resource curse)". Now, as the electoral storm subsides and the drama concludes, friends are even urging me to write a follow-up 😂… While I don’t harbor a deep fascination for politics and elections themselves, I am interested in how election outcomes affect policy making. With my background in finance and economics, my writing mainly explores economic and resource perspectives, sharing my observations and experiences.
总统选举，在任何国家都是风起云涌的大事，特别是非洲的“那一场”尤为如此, 总带着满满的戏剧性，权利的角逐完美契合了“DramaBizz”商业戏剧的精髓。记得上个月我因工作巧合去了塞内加尔，恰逢他们的总统选举意外被延期至年底，这一延期引发的一连串暴乱让我有感而发，于是就写下了那篇文章（Senegal: constitutional coup 塞内加尔的宪政危机与非洲的资源诅咒（resource curse)。如今，随着大选风波渐平，大戏落幕，朋友们居然催我更新续篇🤣......我对政治和选举本身并不怀有太多执念，只是关心大选结果对政策制定(policy making )的影响，结合我自身的财务/金融背景，我写作的主旨更多是从经济和资源的角度出发，分享我的所见所感。
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Senegal Awakens: A Journey of Strategic Layout to Triumph in DemocracySenegal, an ancient land, is witnessing a profound political transformation. In this process, two key figures, Ousmane Sonko and Bassirou Diomaye Faye, along with the people of Senegal behind them, are composing an epic about strategy, layout, challenges, scheming, and victory.
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Under Sonko’s leadership, the PASTEF political party, founded in 2014, started as a new faction on the fringes of the political scene. Sonko, a youthful former tax inspector, rose to prominence in 2016 by exposing the tax evasion practices of foreign companies in Senegal using offshore accounts. He was elected to the National Assembly in 2017 and secured the third position in the 2019 presidential election, trailing behind Sall and Idrissa Seck Rewmi.Sonko’s critical stance towards the current government and his active online presence endeared him to the young voters, quickly making him a thorn in the side of the ruling party. His supporters argue that the criminal charges he faces, including rape (from which he has now been acquitted), inciting rebellion, creating political turmoil, terrorism, and theft, are due to the threat he posed to the ruling party. The government’s extreme measures to suppress protests led by Sonko’s supporters, including internet shutdowns, have exacerbated Senegal’s already struggling economy.Ousmane Sonko was sentenced to two years in prison for defamation, losing all civil rights and the ability to run in the presidential election. Thus, he strategically decided to have Bassirou Diomaye Faye run as the candidate for the dissolved PASTEF party. Even from prison, Sonko was considered the most influential political figure in Senegal today, urging all his supporters to vote for Faye, who was also in prison but had not been finally convicted.Due to political maneuvers, the presidential election scheduled for February 25th did not proceed as planned. Subsequently, President Macky Sall introduced an amnesty law in early March to erase all facts related to political events from 2021 to 2024. This law was passed by the majority of deputies.Therefore, under the amnesty law, all political prisoners from 2021 to 2024 were released, meaning Ousmane Sonko and Bassirou were also freed. A new election date was set for March 24th. Ousmane Sonko and the entire PASTEF team ran an exceptional campaign for their brother Bassirou Diomaye Faye (chosen by Sonko because he was ineligible due to his conviction), who then won the presidential election in the first round with approximately 58% of the votes.塞内加尔，这片古老的土地，正见证着一场深刻的政治变革。在这个过程中，两位关键人物——奥斯曼·桑科(Ousmane Sonko)和巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶(Bassirou Diomaye Faye)——以及他们背后的塞内加尔人民，共同谱写了一曲关于策略、布局、挑战、谋划和胜利的史诗。关于奥斯曼·桑科(Ousmane Sonko)PASTEF政党，在桑科的领导下于2014年成立，初是政坛边缘的新党派。桑科，这位年轻的前税务官，在2016年通过揭露外国公司在塞内加尔利用离岸账户逃税的行为而声名鹤立。他在2017年入选国民议会，之后在2019年的总统选举中获得第三名，仅次于萨勒和伊德里萨·塞克·雷夫米。桑科对现政府的批判态度和他在网上的活跃形象赢得了年轻选民的喜爱，迅速成为执政党视为眼中钉的存在。他的支持者认为，正是因为桑科对执政党构成了威胁，他才面临包括强奸（目前已被宣判无罪）、煽动叛乱、制造政治动荡、恐怖主义和盗窃等一系列刑事指控。政府为了镇压桑科支持者的抗议活动，采取了极端的暴力和压制措施。关闭互联网进一步加剧了塞内加尔已经处于困境中的经济状况。奥斯曼·桑科因诽谤罪被判入狱两年，因此失去了所有公民权利，无法参加总统选举。因此，他策略性地决定由巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶作为已解散的PASTEF党的候选人。即使在狱中，桑科仍被认为是当今塞内加尔最有影响力的政治人物，他呼吁所有支持者投票给法耶，法耶虽然也在监狱中，但并没有最终定罪。由于政治操作，原定于2月25日举行的总统选举未能如期进行，随后，马基·萨勒总统于三月初引入了一项大赦法，以消除2021年至2024年间所有与政治事件相关的事实。这项法律得到了大多数议员的通过。因此，根据大赦法，2021年至2024年间的所有政治犯都被释放，这意味着奥斯曼·桑科和巴西鲁也被释放。新的选举日期定在3月24日。奥斯曼·桑科和整个PASTEF团队为他们的兄弟巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶（因为索恩科自己因定罪而不能参选而被选为候选人）展开了一场卓越的竞选活动，法耶随后在第一轮选举中以大约58%的得票率获胜。![]()
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The image captures a moment of camaraderie and strategic alliance that played a pivotal role in the political landscape of Senegal. The man in white, Ousmane Sonko, initiated a significant political project, with Bassirou Diomaye Faye, who is now the president, as his close associate and right-hand man.
这张图片捕捉到了一个关键时刻，展现了塞内加尔政治版图中友谊与策略联盟的重要作用。身着白衣的奥斯曼·桑科科发起了一个重大的政治项目- Plan B，巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶作为他的密切合作伙伴和得力助手，现在已经成为了总统。
The Genesis of Strategy: Sonko’s Plan BOn the political stage of Senegal, Ousmane Sonko is not just an opposition leader, but a strategist. Despite facing numerous obstacles throughout his political career, he has remained steadfast in his commitment to reform. When legal barriers and the threat of imprisonment jeopardized his ability to personally participate in the elections, Sonko did not choose silence or retreat; instead, he demonstrated exceptional strategic wisdom by launching “Plan B.”This Plan B, which involved propelling his ally, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, to the forefront as the presidential candidate, was not a makeshift solution but a well-considered strategic choice. The close collaboration and shared ideals between Sonko and Faye provided a solid foundation for this plan. Faye, who fought alongside Sonko in the tax department, shares Sonko’s political ideals and vision for the country’s future. Notably, their unity is reflected not only in their political stance and strategic choices but also in the adversity they have jointly faced. Both were imprisoned for opposing government corruption and mismanagement, an experience that not only deepened their friendship but also strengthened their resolve for reform. The release of Faye, just less than two weeks before the election, underscored the urgency and importance of Plan B.The launch of Plan B ensured that the reform movement could continue even in Sonko’s absence and sent a powerful message: the force of reform transcends individual efforts, embodying the collective will of the Senegalese people. Through this strategy, Sonko cleverly transformed his political influence and desire for change into momentum for Faye’s campaign.The success of this plan lies not only in Sonko’s strategic vision but also in his trust in Faye’s personal qualities. For Sonko, Faye is not just an alternative choice but the ideal candidate capable of carrying the banner of reform and leading Senegal towards a more just and prosperous future. This strategy demonstrated Sonko’s profound contemplation as a leader and his firm commitment to the democracy and development of Senegal.With the implementation of Plan B, Senegal’s political arena witnessed an unprecedented unity and challenge. The strategic alliance between Sonko and Faye not only brought new hope to Senegal but also presented a vivid example of political wisdom, courage, and the power of democracy to the international community. In this democratic journey led by strategy, the collective will of the Senegalese people and their desire for reform were fully expressed and respected.在塞内加尔的政治舞台上，奥斯曼·桑科不仅是一名反对派领袖，更是一个策略家。他的政治生涯，尽管遭遇重重阻碍，却始终坚持着对改革的承诺。当法律障碍和监禁威胁到他亲自参与选举的可能性时，桑科并没有选择沉默或退缩，而是展现了非凡的策略智慧——他推出了“Plan B”。这个Plan B(备用计划)，涉及将他的盟友巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶推向前台，作为总统候选人。这一决定并非权宜之计，而是经过深思熟虑的战略选择。桑科和法耶之间的紧密合作及共同理念，为这个计划提供了坚实的基础。法耶，这位在税务部门工作期间与桑科并肩作战的同志，拥有与桑科相似的政治理想和对国家未来的共同愿景。值得注意的是，他们的团结不仅体现在政治立场和战略选择上，更在于他们共同经历的逆境。两人因反对政府的腐败和管理不善而一同入狱，这一经历不仅加深了他们的友谊，也加强了他们改革的决心。法耶在距离选举不到两周的时间里才被释放，这一点更加凸显了“Plan B”的紧迫性和重要性。“Plan B”的推出，不仅保证了改革运动即使在桑科缺席的情况下仍能继续前进，而且还传递出一个强烈的信号：即改革的力量超越了个人，它是整个塞内加尔民众共同意愿的体现。桑科通过这一策略，巧妙地将自己的政治影响力和对改变的渴望，转化为了法耶的竞选动力。这个计划的成功，不仅在于桑科的战略眼光，更在于他对法耶个人品质的信任。在桑科看来，法耶不仅仅是一个替代人选，而是能够承担起改革大旗，引领塞内加尔走向更加公正、繁荣未来的理想人选。通过这一策略，桑科展现了他作为一名领导者的深远思考以及对塞内加尔民主和发展的坚定承诺。随着“Plan B”的实施，塞内加尔的政治舞台见证了一次前所未有的团结与挑战。桑科和法耶的这一策略联盟，不仅为塞内加尔带来了新的希望，也为国际社会提供了一个关于政治智慧、勇气与民主力量的鲜活案例。在这场由策略引领的民主征程中，塞内加尔人民的共同意志和对改革的渴望，得到了充分的体现和尊重。
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The Triumph of Public Will: Strategic Actions by Sonko and FayeIn the political whirlwind of Senegal, the victory of Bassirou Diomaye Faye not only represented an unexpected surprise on the political stage but also deeply reflected the people’s, especially the younger generation’s, desire for change and hopeful anticipation for the future. Faye, a former tax officer, with his zero-tolerance stance on corruption and significant emphasis on economic sovereignty, demonstrated a profound understanding of public sentiment and strategic wisdom throughout the election process, quickly garnering widespread support from the public.A key move during Faye’s campaign was the public disclosure of his financial assets, which not only showcased his commitment to transparency and integrity but also challenged the existing political culture. This call for all candidates to exhibit similar transparency provided the public with genuine choices. Moreover, Faye’s policy plans, emphasizing national control over natural resources and a reassessment of foreign economic policies, reflected his thoughtful consideration for Senegal’s economic independence and long-term development. His proposals to suspend fishing agreements with the EU and reevaluate impending oil and gas contracts highlighted his determination to safeguard national resources and seek welfare for the Senegalese people.Facing an unemployment rate of over 20%, Faye’s victory responded to the collective aspirations of the Senegalese people, particularly the younger generation eager to see practical solutions to economic and social issues.The joint strategy of Sonko and Faye played a crucial role in the political transformation of Senegal. From the outset, Sonko recognized that the flame of reform could not be extinguished, even if he was imprisoned for political reasons. The carefully planned “Plan B,” which propelled Faye to the forefront as the leader, showcased his leadership style that transcended personal interests and focused on the overall welfare of the nation. This strategy not only maintained the continuity of the political movement but also ensured the further development of reform ideals under new leadership.Faye’s strategic actions included restoring democratic institutions, curbing executive power, combating corruption, and renegotiating international contracts. Notably, he committed to monetary reform, potentially introducing a new currency - the Senegal Franc, to replace the CFA Franc, which is pegged to the Euro and supported by the former colonial power, France.In terms of foreign policy, Faye and Sonko worked together to balance international partnerships and reset relations with France, shaping a new Senegal that is sovereignly independent and engages in equal cooperation with the world.This election became an important milestone in Senegal’s democratic journey, not only signifying a peaceful transfer of political power but also showcasing that profound social transformation can be achieved through united actions and wise strategies. Under Faye’s leadership, Senegal stands at a new historical starting point, ready to face challenges and realize the common dreams and aspirations of its people.在塞内加尔的政治风云中，巴西鲁·迪奥马耶·法耶的胜利不仅象征着政治舞台上的一次意外惊喜，更深刻地反映了人民尤其是年轻一代对改变的渴望和对未来充满希望的期待。法耶，这位曾经的税务官，凭借着对腐败的零容忍态度和对经济主权的高度重视，在整个选举过程中展现出对民心的深刻理解和策略智慧，迅速赢得了公众的广泛支持。法耶在竞选期间的一个关键举措是公开自己的财产声明，这不仅展现了他对透明度和诚信的承诺，也挑战了现有政治文化，呼吁所有候选人都展现出同等的透明度，向公众提供一个真正的选择。此外，法耶在其政策规划中着重强调了国家对自然资源的控制以及对外经济政策的重新评估，这反映了他对塞内加尔经济独立和长期发展的深思熟虑。通过提议暂停与欧盟的渔业协议以及重新评估即将生效的石油和天然气合同，法耶表明了他保护国家资源和为塞内加尔人民谋求福利的决心。面对超过20%的失业率，法耶的胜利成为了塞内加尔人民共同期望的回应，尤其是那些渴望看到经济和社会问题得到实际解决的年轻一代。桑科与法耶的共同策略在塞内加尔政治变革中起着至关重要的作用。从一开始，桑科便意识到即便他因政治原因被监禁，改革的火焰也不能熄灭。通过精心策划的“Plan B”，推动法耶成为前台的领导人，展现了他超越个人利益、关注国家整体福祉的领导风范。这一策略不仅保持了政治运动的连续性，也确保了改革理念在新的领导下得到进一步发展。法耶的策略行动包括恢复民主机构、限制行政权力、打击腐败，以及重新谈判国际合约。特别地，他承诺进行货币改革，可能引入新的货币——塞内加尔法郎，取代与欧元挂钩、受前宗主国法国支持的CFA法郎。在外交政策上，法耶和桑科一同致力于平衡国际合作伙伴关系，并重置与法国的关系，塑造一个主权独立、与世界平等合作的新塞内加尔。这场选举成为了塞内加尔民主历程中的重要里程碑，不仅标志着政治权力的和平转移，更展现了通过团结一致的行动和明智的策略可以实现深刻的社会变革。在法耶的领导下，塞内加尔正站在新的历史起点上，迎接挑战，实现人民共同的梦想和期待。写在最后
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After enduring prolonged political turmoil and social unrest, the election victory in Senegal emerges like the first light of dawn, heralding the potential for sweeping reforms. The successful execution of Sonko’s Plan B and Faye’s triumph collectively highlight the vibrancy of Senegal’s democratic spirit and the people’s yearning for reform.This victory signifies not just the strategic acumen of two political leaders but also embodies the collective will of the Senegalese people. With the establishment of a new government, Senegal stands at a new threshold, poised for a brighter future, as the nation collectively anticipates a new chapter transitioning from revolution to rejuvenation.在经历了长期的政治动荡和社会不安之后，塞内加尔的这次选举胜利，如同曙光初现，预示着国家可能迎来的全面改革。桑科的Plan B和法耶的胜利，共同展现了塞内加尔民主精神的活力和人民对改革的渴望。这场胜利不仅关乎两位政治领袖的策略智慧，更是塞内加尔人民共同意志的体现。随着新政府的成立，塞内加尔站在了一个新的起点上，面向更加光明的未来，全国上下共同期待着从革命到复兴的新篇章。PS：I’d like to extend my special thanks to friends from Senegal for providing invaluable materials and profound insights.特别感谢来自塞内加尔朋友们提供的宝贵素材和深刻见解。
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