对缺失在场——心理病理学和临床实践的场理论[1]
Gianni Francesetti, Michela Gecele, Jan Roubal
说明:重新发送内容并没有变化,而是关于第一个脚注,作者特别说明要更正,因为这篇文章发表的时候书还没有出版,所以是即将出版,现在这本书已经出版了,2022年出版的。
1.前言
2.一些预先定义
2.1.知觉场(The phenomenal field)
2.2.现象场(The phenomenological field)
2.3.心理病理场(The psychopathological field )
3.敲门的 陌生人[4](the strangers knocking on the door)
4.一直在的因素(The one who is always there )
5.从缺失到在场的转变
5.1.“你一定感到愤怒!”
5.2.“这不是我! ”
治疗师现在可以平静了。他感觉到自己的身体,很简单地识别出Katy所面临的情境的可能意义。一种不必要是灾难性的可能的意义。治疗师已经经历了一小段旅程——从脱离身体感觉和没有方向感到感觉成为Katy世界的一部分。在这一点上他让自己在身体和情绪体验上获得稳固。这只是对治疗中浮现的所有内容的觉察过程的结果,是他可以支持情境的人格功能:现在这些感受可以被容纳,暂时性和可能的体验形状开始浮现。
6. 结论
在这篇文章中我们尝试描述了我们对心理病理学的理解,它是知觉场中的缺失,治疗是在场的调整。我们也识别出两种可能的缺失根源。治疗师,在这个视角里不是改变的代理人,也不是改变的共同创造者之一[12]。他们服务于场力量:他们把自己的血肉之躯出借给这些意向性,以便让它们制造这种转变。治疗,在这个视角下,可以理解为“无为的艺术”。然而,这不是一个被动的态度。相反,这是一种非常主动的态度,尽管从外面经常看不出来。在心理治疗中,我们就是服务于治疗过程的艺术家。
[1] In: Cole Peter, Ed. (2022), Relational Heart of Gestalt Therapy, Routledge. 《格式塔治疗的关系性核心》.
[2] 又称巴比伦塔,巴别塔是《圣经·旧约·创世记》第11章故事中人们建造的塔。根据篇章记载,当时人类联合起来兴建希望能通往天堂的高塔;为了阻止人类的计划,上帝让人类说不同的语言,使人类相互之间不能沟通,计划因此失败,人类自此各散东西。译注
[3] 根据达玛希奥(Damasio’s)关于原-自体的概念(当自体和世界在知觉过程中还未分离时),我们把还没有被加工,也没有形成清晰定义,仍然处于模糊感觉印象还没有清晰为一个人所有的感受称作原-感受 (Damasio, 2010; Francesetti and Griffero, 2019; Francesetti and Roubal, 2020)。
[4] 我们选择使用“陌生人”这个词,尽管在所引用的一些文献里,同一个概念使用“外星人(alien)”来表示(Waldenfels, 2011)。
[5] 根据定义,创伤,是一种无法加工的压倒性的事件。但是一种非创伤性体验(不是激活心理生理反应的典型创伤) 也可以是未加工的,比如,一个生活在情感维度被禁止的家庭里的孩子,没有支持去感受、识别、命名、交流它,它仍然是未成形和未加工的。这,比如就是惊恐障碍中发生的情况,通常在惊恐障碍中发生的不总是与创伤性体验相关,而是与无法在关系中加工孤独的感觉以及识别出它有关系(Francesetti, 2007; Francesetti, Alcaro and Settanni, 2020)。
[6] “出借肉身”是由让·吕克·马里翁提出的哲学概念(Jean Luc Marion ,2003)。在一次与作者的私人交流中,他认可了出借肉身这一现象(他称作“爱欲现象”)在治疗中可能具有的重要性,就像Francesetti (2019a; 2019b; 2019c) 和 Francesetti 以及 Roubal (2020)提出的概念。
[7] 我们在其他地方发展出了“atopon(希腊语中是脱离原来的位置)”这个概念 (Francesetti 2019a; Francesetti and Griffero, 2019; Francesetti and Roubal, 2020)。
[8] Friedrich Nietzsche Quotes. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved August 11, 2020, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/friedrich_nietzsche_134058
[9] 这与历史不能被书写除非已经成为过去这一事实相关。
[10] 见基本关系模型(Basic Relational Mode)的概念 (Salonia, 2007; 2013).
[11] 我们把这第二种感受叫做“第二浪”(Francesetti and Roubal, 2020)。
[12] 我们不认为三种改变的范式(单人范式,双人范式,基于场的理论范式)是排斥或者竞争的。这三者是同样重要的,在治疗过程的不同时刻成为图形。见 Francesetti 和 Roubal (2020)以及Roubal 和 Francesetti (2021), 即将出版。
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