“分离焦虑”看这一篇就够了 | 育仁开学季

分离焦虑是一种正常的心理现象，表现为孩子在与亲近的家人，尤其是主要照顾者分离时所经历的焦虑不安或不愉快的情绪反应。通常，这种焦虑伴随着哭泣、害怕等行为特征，对于学龄前儿童来说，分离焦虑有两个高峰期：一个是在7个月左右至一岁半期间；另一个则是在3岁时首次入园之际。

Separation anxiety is a normal psychological phenomenon that manifests as anxiety or unpleasant emotional reactions that children experience when they are separated from close family members, especially primary caregivers. Usually, this anxiety is accompanied by behavioral characteristics such as crying and fear, and for preschoolers, there are two peaks of separation anxiety: one is between about 7 months and one and a half years old; The other was when I first entered the kindergarten when I was 3 years old.

根据《美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV），分离性焦虑障碍是指当孩子离开父母或家庭时出现的过度焦虑反应，这种焦虑持续时间超过四周，并对孩子的日常生活造成负面影响时，即被诊断为分离性焦虑障碍（Separation Anxiety Disorder, SAD）。据统计，大约有10%的儿童患有此类焦虑障碍，这种情绪可能通过哭泣、过度依赖父母或其他亲近的人来表现出来。面对这种情况，家长们往往感到心疼和无助，但了解背后的成因是解决问题的关键。

According to the United States Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), separation anxiety disorder is diagnosed when a child is separated from their parents or family, when this anxiety lasts more than four weeks and negatively affects the child's daily life. According to statistics, about 10% of children suffer from this type of anxiety disorder, and this emotion can manifest itself through crying, over-dependence on parents or other close people. Parents often feel distressed and helpless in the face of this situation, but understanding the underlying causes is the key to solving the problem.

孩子的分离焦虑主要源自于对陌生环境的不安全感。孩子在家庭环境中习惯了父母无微不至的关怀和陪伴，一旦离开熟悉的环境和亲近的人，会感到焦虑和不安。

Separation anxiety in children is mainly caused by insecurity about unfamiliar environments. Children are accustomed to the meticulous care and companionship of their parents in the home environment, and once they leave the familiar environment and close people, they will feel anxious and uneasy.

这种焦虑情绪可能是由于孩子对新环境的不确定性产生的恐惧，以及对未知事物的不安全感。此外，孩子的语言表达能力有限，他们难以准确地表达自己的情绪和需求，这也使得他们更容易感到无助和不安。因此，当孩子第一次离开家庭踏入幼儿园时，这种从依赖到独立的转变往往会引发分离焦虑。

This anxiety can be due to the child's fear of the uncertainty of the new environment, as well as insecurity about the unknown. In addition, children's limited language skills make it difficult for them to accurately express their emotions and needs, which also makes them more likely to feel helpless and uneasy. Therefore, when a child leaves the family for the first time and steps into kindergarten, this transition from dependence to independence often triggers separation anxiety.

1、情绪表现

当孩子与父母分离时，常常会表现出强烈的情绪反应，如哭泣、发脾气、拒绝入园等。

When children are separated from their parents, they often show strong emotional reactions, such as crying, tantrums, and refusal to enter kindergarten.

2、生理反应

分离焦虑不仅影响情绪，还可能导致生理上的变化。孩子可能会出现失眠、做噩梦、食欲不振等症状，甚至有可能表现出恶心、呕吐等躯体不适。

Separation anxiety not only affects mood but can also lead to physiological changes. Your child may experience symptoms such as insomnia, nightmares, loss of appetite, and may even show physical discomfort such as nausea and vomiting.

3、社交行为

幼儿在分离焦虑的影响下，可能会表现出社交退缩或孤立的行为。部分孩子在幼儿园中不愿意与其他小朋友互动，表现出害怕与人接触的倾向。

Young children, under the influence of separation anxiety, may exhibit socially withdrawn or isolated behaviors. Some children are reluctant to interact with other children in kindergarten and show a tendency to be afraid of human contact.

根据著名心理学家约翰·鲍尔比的研究，儿童在面对与父母或主要照顾者的分离时，通常会经历三个明确的心理发展阶段：反抗期、绝望期以及超脱期。

According to the research of renowned psychologist John · Bowlby, children usually go through three distinct stages of psychological development when facing separation from their parents or primary caregivers: resistance, despair, and detachment.

1、反抗期

孩子会对即将发生的分离表现出强烈的抗拒情绪。这一时期的孩子可能会哭闹、尖叫甚至尝试逃离，以避免与照顾者的分离。这种行为反映了孩子内心的不安与恐惧，他们试图通过这些方式来阻止分离的发生。  

The child will show strong resistance to the impending separation. Children during this period may cry, scream, or even try to flee to avoid separation from their caregivers. This behavior reflects the child's inner insecurity and fear, and they try to prevent the separation from happening in these ways.

2、绝望期

随着分离的持续，孩子逐渐意识到无论怎样反抗都无法改变现状，因此会逐渐变得沮丧、退缩，甚至可能表现出沉默寡言的行为特征。这一阶段的孩子可能会对周围的人和事不再表现出先前的兴趣和热情。

As the separation continues, the child becomes aware that no amount of resistance can change the situation, and as a result, he becomes depressed, withdrawn, and may even exhibit taciturn behavior. At this stage, children may no longer show their previous interest and enthusiasm for the people and things around them.

3、超脱期

最终，在超脱期，孩子开始逐步适应没有主要照顾者在场的新环境。在这个阶段，虽然孩子仍然会思念父母，但他们学会了通过其他方式寻求安慰和支持，比如与同龄人建立友谊或者参与集体活动。随着时间和经验的积累，孩子逐渐减少了对父母的依赖，并学会了独立面对生活中的挑战。

Eventually, during the period of detachment, the child begins to gradually adjust to the new environment without the presence of a primary caregiver. At this stage, although children still miss their parents, they learn to seek comfort and support in other ways, such as building friendships with peers or participating in group activities. With time and experience, children gradually become less dependent on their parents and learn to face life's challenges independently.

有效地处理分离焦虑不仅能够减轻孩子的即时痛苦，还能对其长远的社会交往能力和个性发展产生积极的影响。心理学家埃里克·埃里克森提出了著名的心理社会发展理论。在这一理论框架下，埃里克森强调了婴儿期至学前期（大约从出生到三岁左右）是孩子形成“信任与不信任”这一基本心理冲突的关键时期。在这段时期内，孩子通过与主要照顾者之间的互动，逐渐建立起对外部世界的信任感，这对他们未来的人际关系和社会适应能力具有深远的意义。

Dealing with separation anxiety effectively can not only alleviate a child's immediate distress, but also have a positive impact on their long-term social skills and personality development. Psychologist Eric · Erikson developed the famous theory of psychosocial development. Within this theoretical framework, Erickson emphasizes that infancy to preschool (from birth to about three years old) is a critical period for children to develop the basic psychological conflict of "trust and distrust". During this period, children gradually build a sense of trust in the outside world through their interactions with their primary caregivers, which has far-reaching implications for their future interpersonal and social adaptability.

处理好分离焦虑有助于孩子建立健康的情感基础。当孩子感受到父母或照顾者的稳定支持时，他们会更容易建立起对外界的信任感。这种信任感是孩子日后形成安全感的基础，也是其探索世界、尝试新事物的重要动力源泉。

Dealing with separation anxiety can help your child build a healthy emotional foundation. When children feel stable support from their parents or caregivers, they are more likely to build trust in the outside world. This sense of trust is the foundation for a child's sense of security in the future, and it is also an important source of motivation for him to explore the world and try new things.

有效应对分离焦虑有助于促进孩子的社交技能和个人成长。在这一过程中，孩子学会如何与他人建立联系、表达自己的情感和需求。适应分离的过程是孩子学会独立思考和解决问题的机会，这对于培养其自信心和自我效能感至关重要。

Coping effectively with separation anxiety can help promote your child's social skills and personal growth. In this process, children learn how to connect with others and express their emotions and needs. The process of adapting to separation is an opportunity for children to learn to think independently and solve problems, which is essential for developing their self-confidence and self-efficacy.

分离焦虑不仅仅是孩子面临的挑战，也是父母和家里老人需要共同面对的问题。通过相互理解和支持，采取有效的应对策略，可以更好地度过这个重要阶段。

Separation anxiety is not only a challenge for children, but also a problem that parents and the elderly in the family need to face together. By understanding and supporting each other and adopting effective coping strategies, we can better get through this important phase.

妈妈们的分离焦虑普遍大于爸爸，原因是妈妈们长时间与孩子朝夕相处，形成了深厚的情感纽带，因此，当孩子第一次离开家庭进入幼儿园时，妈妈可能会感到特别的不安和失落。

Moms are generally more anxious about separation than fathers, because mothers spend a lot of time with their children day and night, forming a deep emotional bond, so when their children leave the family for the first time and enter kindergarten, mothers may feel particularly uneasy and lost.

1、情感依赖

长期的亲子互动使得妈妈与孩子之间建立了深厚的情感联系。在这种情况下，妈妈不仅成为孩子的依靠，孩子也成为了妈妈生活中的重要组成部分。当孩子开始步入幼儿园，这种长期建立起来的情感纽带突然被打破，妈妈可能会经历一种失去的感觉，这种情感上的依赖导致了分离时产生强烈的情绪反应。

Long-term parent-child interaction has led to a deep emotional connection between mother and child. In this case, the mother not only becomes the child's dependence, but the child also becomes an important part of the mother's life. When a child begins to enter kindergarten and this long-established emotional bond is suddenly broken, the mother may experience a feeling of loss, and this emotional dependence leads to a strong emotional response at the time of separation.

2、适应担忧

家长会担心孩子在没有自己陪伴下的适应情况，包括是否能够融入新环境、是否能够与同龄人友好相处等问题。这种担忧源于对孩子的深切关怀，担心孩子在新环境中遇到困难时没有人能够及时给予帮助和支持，这些担忧都构成了焦虑的一部分。

Parents may worry about their child's adjustment without their own company, including whether they will be able to integrate into the new environment and get along with their peers. This worry stems from a deep concern for the child and the fear that there will be no one to help and support the child when they are struggling in their new environment, and these worries form part of the anxiety.

3、自我价值感的变化

随着孩子逐渐独立，部分家长会感到自己的角色发生变化，从而产生自我价值感的疑问。全职妈妈把大部分时间都投入到照顾孩子上，孩子的成长和幸福成为了她们最大的成就。当孩子开始独立，全职妈妈可能会感到自己的重要性下降，这种角色的变化可能会让她们对自己的价值产生疑问，进而引发焦虑。

As children become more independent, some parents may feel that their roles have changed, which can lead to questions about their sense of self-worth. Stay-at-home mothers devote most of their time to taking care of their children, and their children's growth and well-being become their greatest achievement. When children begin to become independent, stay-at-home mothers may feel less important, and this change in role may cause them to question their own worth, which in turn can lead to anxiety.

家长的分离焦虑是一种复杂的情感体验，它既包含了对孩子未来发展的担忧，也有对自己身份转变的不确定感。为了缓解这种焦虑，家长需要采取积极的应对策略，逐步适应孩子成长带来的变化，同时也要注重自身的成长和发展。

Separation anxiety is a complex emotional experience that involves both worries about the child's future development and uncertainty about the transformation of one's identity. To alleviate this anxiety, parents need to adopt positive coping strategies to gradually adapt to the changes brought about by their child's growth, while also focusing on their own growth and development.

1、积极参与幼儿园生活

积极参与幼儿园的活动，如成为志愿者或参加家长会，这样不仅能更好地了解孩子在幼儿园的情况，还能与其他家长建立联系，共同分享育儿经验和心得。

Actively participating in kindergarten activities, such as volunteering or attending parent-teacher conferences, will not only help you get a better understanding of your child's situation in kindergarten, but also connect with other parents and share parenting experiences and insights.

2、与孩子保持开放的沟通渠道

鼓励孩子分享在幼儿园的经历和感受，这有助于家长了解孩子的适应情况，并及时提供必要的支持。

Encouraging children to share their experiences and feelings in kindergarten helps parents understand their child's adjustment and provide necessary support in a timely manner.

3、自我调节

学会适当调节自己的情绪，可以通过运动、瑜伽、冥想等方式来缓解压力，保持心理健康。

Learning to regulate your emotions appropriately can relieve stress and maintain mental health through exercise, yoga, meditation, and more.

家里的长辈通常对孩子怀有深厚的感情，他们习惯于每天与孙子孙女的亲密互动。当孩子开始入园时，老人们会担心孩子在陌生环境中能否得到妥善照顾，以及孩子是否能够顺利适应新的生活方式，产生“分离焦虑”。

The elders of the family usually have a deep affection for the child, and they are accustomed to the intimate interaction with their grandchildren on a daily basis. When children begin to enter kindergarten, the elderly will worry about whether the children will be properly cared for in an unfamiliar environment, and whether the children will be able to adapt to the new lifestyle smoothly, resulting in "separation anxiety".

作为家长可以邀请长辈一起参与入园前的准备工作，如选购入园所需物品，共同讨论如何帮助孩子适应新环境等，这样不仅能增强家庭成员间的凝聚力，还能让每个人都感受到自己是孩子成长过程中不可或缺的一部分。

As a parent, you can invite your elders to participate in the preparation before entering the kindergarten, such as shopping for the items needed to enter the kindergarten, and discussing how to help the child adapt to the new environment, etc., which will not only enhance the cohesion among family members, but also make everyone feel that they are an integral part of the child's development.

家长作为孩子最亲近的人，情绪状态会直接对孩子的情绪反应产生重大影响，特别是在面对分离焦虑等情境时，家长的反应尤为重要。研究表明，如果家长表现出焦虑和紧张的情绪，可能会无意间加剧孩子的不安感，导致他们更加恐惧和焦虑。因此，为了帮助孩子更好地处理分离焦虑和其他挑战，家长需要学会控制自己的情绪，保持从容淡定的态度。

As the closest person to the child, the emotional state of the parent can have a significant impact on the child's emotional response, especially when faced with situations such as separation anxiety. Studies have shown that if parents show feelings of anxiety and nervousness, it may inadvertently exacerbate their child's feelings of insecurity, causing them to be more fearful and anxious. Therefore, in order to help children better deal with separation anxiety and other challenges, parents need to learn to control their emotions and maintain a calm and calm attitude.

家长可以通过正面的鼓励语言和肢体表现传达对孩子的支持。简单的拥抱、温柔的话语以及肯定的眼神交流都能够传递给孩子安全感。鼓励孩子表达自己的感受，通过倾听孩子的想法和担忧，更好地理解孩子的内心世界，并据此提供更为有效的支持。

Parents can convey support for their children through positive words of encouragement and physical performance. Simple hugs, gentle words, and affirmative eye contact can all convey a sense of security. Encourage your child to express his or her feelings, and by listening to his or her thoughts and concerns, he or she will be able to better understand his or her inner world and provide more effective support accordingly.

在孩子即将步入幼儿园之前，通过一系列的准备工作帮助孩子更好地适应新环境，减少因分离而产生的焦虑。

Before your child enters kindergarten, a series of preparations are taken to help your child better adapt to the new environment and reduce the anxiety caused by separation.

1、熟悉环境

提前带孩子到幼儿园参观，让孩子有机会熟悉幼儿园的设施和周围环境。通过这种方式，孩子可以逐渐习惯幼儿园的外观和氛围，减少初次入园时的陌生感。

Take your child to visit the kindergarten in advance to give your child the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the facilities and surroundings of the kindergarten. In this way, children can gradually get used to the appearance and atmosphere of the kindergarten, reducing the unfamiliarity of the first time they enter the kindergarten.

2、建立情感连接

在入园前，鼓励孩子与幼儿园的老师建立情感上的联系。比如，让孩子与老师进行简单的互动，如让老师抱抱、亲亲等，这些小小的亲密举动能够帮助孩子建立起对老师的信任感，进而对幼儿园产生好感。

Encourage your child to form an emotional connection with the kindergarten teacher before entering the kindergarten. For example, allowing children to interact with the teacher simply, such as letting the teacher hug and kiss, these small intimate gestures can help the child build a sense of trust in the teacher, and then develop a good impression of the kindergarten.

3、模拟幼儿园日常

可以在家中模拟幼儿园的日常活动，按照幼儿园的时间表安排孩子的作息时间，或者一起做一些简单有趣的手工活动。这样既能让孩子对幼儿园的生活有所期待，又能帮助他们逐渐适应幼儿园的规则和节奏。

You can simulate the daily activities of the kindergarten at home, arrange the child's schedule according to the kindergarten schedule, or do some simple and fun handicraft activities together. This not only allows children to look forward to life in kindergarten, but also helps them gradually adapt to the rules and rhythm of kindergarten.

4、阅读相关书籍

和孩子一起阅读一些关于入园体验的绘本或故事书，通过这些故事，孩子可以了解到其他小朋友是如何面对并克服入园初期的挑战的，从而减轻他们对未知的恐惧感。

Read picture books or storybooks about the kindergarten experience with your child, and through these stories, your child can learn how other children have faced and overcome the challenges in the early stages of kindergarten, thereby alleviating their fear of the unknown.

5、培养自理能力

在入园前帮助孩子培养一些基本的自理能力，比如自己吃饭、穿衣和洗手等。这样不仅能够增强孩子的自信心，还能让孩子在幼儿园生活中更加独立。

Help your child develop some basic self-care skills, such as eating, dressing and washing their hands before entering kindergarten. This will not only boost your child's self-confidence, but also make her more independent in kindergarten life.

通过上述这些准备工作的实施，不仅能够帮助孩子顺利过渡到幼儿园生活，还能培养孩子的社交技能和个人独立性，为孩子今后的成长打下良好的基础。

Through the implementation of these preparations, you can not only help your child make a smooth transition to kindergarten life, but also develop your child's social skills and personal independence, laying a good foundation for your child's future growth.

为了帮助孩子更好地应对分离焦虑，家长可以为孩子制定一个简单而有意义的离别仪式。这种仪式不仅能够为孩子带来安全感，还能让他们在分离时产生积极的期待。通过每天重复这个仪式，孩子能够逐渐适应与父母的分离，并从中感受到父母的爱与支持，从而减轻焦虑感。

To help children better cope with separation anxiety, parents can develop a simple and meaningful parting ritual for their children. This ritual not only gives children a sense of security, but also gives them a positive anticipation when they are separated. By repeating this ritual every day, children are able to gradually adjust to being separated from their parents and feel the love and support of their parents, thereby reducing their anxiety.

1、确定特别的动作或话语

家长选择一个特别的动作或话语作为离别的标志。例如，特别的拥抱、深情的吻额头或是说一句“我爱你”。这些简单而又充满爱意的动作或话语能够让孩子在每次分离时都感到被关爱。选择孩子喜欢并且容易记住的动作或话语，能够让孩子在分离时感到安心，知道父母始终爱着他们。

Parents choose a particular action or word as a sign of parting. For example, a special hug, an affectionate kiss on the forehead, or saying "I love you." These simple but loving gestures or words can help children feel loved every time they are separated. Choosing actions or words that your child likes and is easy to remember can give your child peace of mind knowing that their parents love them all the time.

2、创建固定的习惯

为了加强仪式感，家长可以为离别仪式设定固定的时间和地点。例如，每天早晨送孩子去幼儿园时，在门口进行这个仪式。随着时间的推移，孩子会开始期待这个时刻的到来，并将其视为一天开始的美好部分。固定的仪式能够让分离的过程变得更加轻松和愉快，同时也让孩子知道接下来会发生什么，从而减少不确定性带来的焦虑。

To reinforce the sense of ceremony, parents can set a fixed time and place for the parting ceremony. For example, this ritual is performed at the door every morning when sending a child to kindergarten. Over time, the child will begin to look forward to this moment and see it as a wonderful part of the beginning of the day. A fixed ritual can make the process of separation easier and more enjoyable, while also letting the child know what to expect next, thus reducing the anxiety that comes with uncertainty.

3、保持一致性

要保持这个离别仪式的一致性。即使是在忙碌的日子里，也不要忘记执行这个仪式。这种持续性和可预测性有助于孩子建立起安全感，知道无论何时父母都会在那里支持他们。坚持执行离别仪式能够让孩子感受到稳定性和连续性，这对于减少分离焦虑非常重要。

Keep this parting ritual consistent. Even on busy days, don't forget to perform this ritual. This continuity and predictability helps children build a sense of security knowing that their parents will be there to support them at all times. Sticking to the parting ritual allows children to feel stability and continuity, which is important for reducing separation anxiety.

4、鼓励孩子参与

可以邀请孩子参与到仪式的设计中来，询问他们希望在仪式中包含什么元素，比如是否想要特定的手势或是特别的话语。这样不仅能够增强仪式的意义，还能让孩子感到被重视和参与感。让孩子参与进来，能够让他们感觉到自己是这个过程的一部分，从而更加积极地接受分离。

Invite your child to participate in the design of the ritual and ask them what elements they would like to include in the ritual, such as whether they want specific gestures or special words. Not only does this enhance the meaning of the ceremony, but it also makes the child feel valued and involved. Involving children allows them to feel part of the process and to be more positive about separation.

5、适时调整

随着孩子的成长，他们的需求和偏好也会发生变化。因此，家长可以根据孩子的年龄和兴趣适时调整离别仪式的形式。例如，随着孩子长大，他们可能会更倾向于简单的挥手告别而非一个拥抱。根据孩子的成长阶段调整仪式的形式，能够确保它始终符合孩子的需要，同时也保持新鲜感。

As children grow, their needs and preferences change. Therefore, parents can adjust the format of the parting ceremony according to the age and interests of their children. For example, as children get older, they may be more inclined to simply wave goodbye than a hug. Adjusting the format of the ritual to your child's stage of development will ensure that it is always tailored to your child's needs while also remaining fresh.

规律的离别仪式，不仅能够帮助孩子更好地处理分离焦虑，还能加深家庭成员之间的情感联系。这样的仪式不仅在孩子入园时有用，在日常生活中也同样适用，能够为孩子营造一个温馨且充满爱的成长环境。

Regular parting rituals can not only help children better deal with separation anxiety, but also deepen the emotional connection between family members. Such rituals are useful not only when children enter the kindergarten, but also in daily life, creating a warm and loving environment for children to grow up.

在孩子入园初期，幼儿园老师扮演着至关重要的角色。我们通过一系列精心设计的策略，帮助孩子更快地适应新环境，为他们营造温馨、积极的学习氛围。

Kindergarten teachers play a vital role in the early years of a child's enrolment. We use a range of well-designed strategies to help children adapt to their new environment more quickly and create a warm and positive learning atmosphere for them.

当孩子第一次踏入幼儿园的大门时，育仁的老师们会主动、热情地迎接每一个新入园的孩子，通过拥抱、亲吻、抚摸等动作，以及亲切地询问他们的名字和喜好，传递给孩子们温暖和关怀。这些简单的举动让孩子感受到被接纳和重视，从而建立起对教师的信任感。

When a child steps into the kindergarten for the first time, Yuren teachers will take the initiative to greet each new child and convey warmth and care to the children through hugging, kissing, touching and other actions, as well as kindly asking their names and preferences. These simple actions make children feel accepted and valued, which builds trust in their teachers.

班级氛围对孩子的心理发展有着深远的影响。育仁老师会营造温馨、积极向上的班级氛围，让孩子感受到集体的温暖与力量。通过组织各种有趣的团队游戏、故事分享会等培养孩子的集体意识和社交能力，帮助他们尽快融入集体，使用展示孩子作品、表扬进步等方式，增强孩子的班级凝聚力和归属感。

Classroom climate has a profound impact on a child's psychological development. Teacher YKI will create a warm and positive class atmosphere, so that children can feel the warmth and strength of the collective. Cultivate children's collective consciousness and social skills by organizing a variety of interesting team games and story sharing sessions, help them integrate into the group as soon as possible, and use methods such as displaying children's works and praising progress to enhance children's class cohesion and sense of belonging.

在孩子适应幼儿园的过程中，需要足够的耐心和爱心。当孩子表现出不安或情绪激动时，育仁老师会用温和的语言安抚他们，而不是强迫他们参与活动。通过细心倾听孩子的话语，更好地理解他们的真实感受，并采取相应措施帮助他们。

As children adjust to kindergarten, they need to be patient and loving. When children show upset or emotion, the teacher will use gentle language to comfort them instead of forcing them to participate in the activity. By listening carefully to your child's words, you can better understand their true feelings and take steps to help them.

我们会安排一些简单的过渡活动，如阅读时间或自由游戏时间，让孩子在轻松的环境中逐渐适应幼儿园的生活节奏。通过定期与家长沟通，了解孩子在家的表现，以便更好地支持孩子在幼儿园的发展。

We will arrange some simple transitional activities, such as reading time or free play time, so that children can gradually adapt to the rhythm of kindergarten life in a relaxed environment. Through regular communication with parents, we can understand how your child is doing at home so that we can better support your child's development in kindergarten.

在整个过程中，老师的角色不仅是指导者，更是孩子们的朋友和支持者，通过不断地鼓励和支持，帮助孩子们成长为自信、乐观的社会成员。

Throughout the process, the role of the teacher is not only to guide, but also to be a friend and supporter of the children, helping them grow into confident and optimistic members of society through constant encouragement and support.

参考文献

- 美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册（DSM-IV）

- 张文新. (2010). 幼儿园分离焦虑的成因与对策. 早期教育(教师版), (10), 38-40.

- 鲍尔比, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Volume 1, Attachment. New York: Basic Books.