The chest CT scan shows bilateral centrilobular nodules with branching showing “tree-in-bud” pattern. 弥漫性泛细支气管炎。胸部 CT 扫描显示双侧小叶中心性结节伴分支，呈 “树yaya征 ”样改变。
The pathology micrograph shows chronic inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles, with interstitial accumulation of foam cells in the walls of the respiratory bronchioles, adjacent alveolar ducts, and alveoli. 病理显微图像显示呼吸支气管慢性炎症，泡沫细胞在呼吸支气管壁、邻近肺泡管和肺泡间质积聚。
Diffuse panbronchiolitis. A and B: High-resolution images through the right upper and mid-lung zones,respectively, show characteristic appearance of diffuse TIB opacities associated with peripheral airway dilatation and bronchial wall thickening. When identified in Asian patients, in particular, this finding is highly suggestive of DPB.图A和图B分别显示右肺上叶和中叶的高分辨率图像，呈现特征性的弥漫性树芽征阴影，伴有周围气道扩张和支气管壁增厚。特别是在亚洲患者中发现这一结果时，高度提示为 DPB。
A 1-mm section shows diffuse ill-defined nodular and branching or Y-shaped densities throughout both lower lobes in this patient with documented DPB (arrows). 在这名已确诊为弥漫性泛细支气管炎的患者中，1mm层厚的图像显示双侧下叶弥漫性分布的边界不清的结节状和分支状或Y字形密度影（箭头所示）。
HRCT at two levels (A and B) shows findings of poorly defined centrilobular nodules in the lung periphery, centrilobular branching or TIB opacities, and bronchiectasis.在两个层面（A和B）的高分辨率CT显示，肺周边有边界不清的小叶中心性结节、中心小叶分支或树芽征阴影，以及支气管扩张的征象。
A: Radiograph of a 1-mm slice of lung obtained from a patient who has panbronchiolitis. A dilated air-filled bronchiole (arrows) is visible in the lung periphery, extending to within 5 mm of the pleural surface. B: Photomicrograph shows a dilated bronchiole (arrows) in the subpleural lung filled with secretions.A：一例泛细支气管炎患者的1mm层厚X光片。在肺周边可见扩张的含气细支气管（箭头所示），延伸至距离胸膜表面5mm处。B：显微照片显示胸膜下肺组织中充满分泌物的扩张细支气管（箭头所示）。
细支气管扩张(bronchiolectasis)
支气管扩张(bronchiectasis)
弥漫性分布/基底部为主
肺体积增大(large lung volumes)
马赛克灌注(mosaic perfusion)
呼气相空气潴留(air trapping on expiration)
b 对鉴别诊断最有帮助的表现
Diagrammatic representation of bronchiolar inflammation resulting in TIB opacities. These characteristically result in clusters of ill-defined nodules “attached” to adjacent branching or tubular structures due to bronchiolar mucoid impaction. Note that these do not extend to the pleural, fissural, or septal surfaces. 细支气管炎导致的树芽征示意图。这些病变特征性地表现为成簇的边界不清的结节，这些结节"附着"在相邻的分支或管状结构上，这是由细支气管黏液嵌塞造成的。请注意，这些病变不会延伸到胸膜、叶间裂或间隔表面。
Diagrammatic representation of centrilobular nodules. These characteristically result in ill-defined“ground-glass” nodules that do not extend to the pleural, fissural, or septal surfaces.小叶中心结节的示意图。这些病变特征性地表现为边界不清的"磨玻璃"样结节，且不会延伸到胸膜、叶间裂或间隔表面。
诊断标准
治疗
呼吸病学 第3版
来源：肺界探索
