美国敲定中国网联汽车进口禁令规则
US finalises rule on Chinese connected vehicles import ban
白宫于1月14日宣布美国禁止销售和进口来自中国和俄罗斯的网联车硬件和软件系统的最终规则。
The White House announced on 14 January the final rule on the US ban on the sale and import of connected vehicle hardware and software systems from China and Russia.
美国政府表示，关于网联汽车供应链的最终规则的发布标志着拜登去年启动的“事实调查和监管程序”完成。由中国或俄罗斯拥有、控制或受其管辖或指挥的网联汽车将被禁止，即使这些汽车是在美国制造的。
The issue of a final rule on connected vehicle supply chains concludes a “fact-finding and regulatory process” that Biden launched last year, the US government says. Connected vehicles owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of China or Russia will be banned even if the cars are made in the US.
Kallanish（开阑商务信息咨询）获悉，对软件的限制将于2027年生效，对硬件的限制将于2030年生效。
Restrictions on software will take effect for Model Year 2027 and restrictions on hardware will take effect for Model Year 2030, Kallanish reports.
中国外交部发言人郭嘉昆表示：“美国以所谓国家安全为由，限制中国网联车软硬件和整车在美使用，这是完全没有根据的。有关做法干扰了企业的经贸合作，违背了市场经济和公平竞争原则，是典型的保护主义和经济胁迫。中方对此坚决反对。”
“The US has restricted the use of Chinese connected car software and hardware and complete vehicles in the US on the grounds of so-called national security, which is totally unfounded,” states Guo Jiakun, spokesperson of China’s foreign ministry. “The relevant practice interferes with the economic and commercial cooperation of enterprises, violates the principles of market economy and fair competition, and is a typical protectionism and economic coercion. China firmly opposes this.”
华盛顿声称，外国参与网联汽车供应链可能具有敌意，因为这很可能通过允许恶意访问这些互联系统及其数据而威胁到路上大多数汽车的安全。华盛顿指出，一些数据，如地理位置、音频和视频记录可能是敏感的，并包含生命模式分析。
Washington claims that foreign involvement in the supply chain of connected vehicles could be hostile as it is likely to threaten the safety of most cars on the road by granting malign access to these connected systems and their data. It points out that some data, such as geolocation, audio and video recordings could be sensitive and contain pattern-of-life analysis.
白宫表示：“随着中华人民共和国汽车制造商积极寻求扩大其在美国和全球汽车市场的影响力，拜登总统正在通过这一最终规则兑现他的承诺，确保美国关键供应链的安全，保护我们的国家安全。”
“As PRC [People’s Republic of China] automakers aggressively seek to increase their presence in American and global automotive markets, through this final rule, President Biden is delivering on his commitment to secure critical American supply chains and protect our national security,” the White House states.
美国当局声称已采取措施最大限度地减少意外后果或对市场的干扰，包括安排在2024年7月召开由十多个国家参加的首次多国会议，以应对网联汽车风险，推进积极的网络安全标准，协调政策措施以降低风险。
US authorities claim to have taken measures to minimise unintended consequences or disruptions to the market, including arranging the first multinational meeting of more than a dozen countries to address connected car risks in July 2024 to advance proactive cybersecurity standards and coordinate policy measures to reduce risks.
美国汽车行业表示，支持制定一项最终规则，以应对与由外国对手设计、制造或提供的信息和通信技术及服务相关的“不可接受的风险”。
The American auto industry says it supports a final rule that addresses the “unacceptable risks” associated with information and communications technology and services designed, manufactured or supplied by foreign adversaries.
汽车创新联盟（Alliance for Automotive Innovation）总裁兼首席执行官John Bozzella说，最终规则“取得了很好的平衡”，并承认“改变世界上最复杂的供应链不可能一蹴而就”。
John Bozzella, president and ceo of Alliance for Automotive Innovation, says the final rule “strikes a good balance,” as it also recognises that “changing the world’s most complex supply chain can’t happen overnight.”
目前，对中国纯电动网联汽车征收的进口关税为100%。
Currently, Chinese all-electric, connected cars are subject to a 100% import tariff.
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