大家好，我是Kethrine. 今天要分享的是一篇教学类期刊论文笔记。题为《评价类问题中 pat answer 现象的分析与思考》，原文来自《中小学外语教学（中学篇）2020 年第 9 期》。笔记分享旨在学习，侵删！一、什么是pat answer?pat answer就是敷衍了事的回答。如，教师问：Do you want to be a volcanologist? Why?学生答：Yes, I like it very much, because it's interesting. 这类回答的特点是：简单、笼统，缺乏深度；轻巧、简便，空洞虚假，并未表达真心，是学生懒于思考、不愿深究的表现。文章以上面的例子深究了学生欠缺的思考1.评价依据（工作的趣味性）过于简单，没有考虑如下问题：What other things do I need to consider when making a career choice?2. 未考虑长期的结果，比如：It appears interesting to me NOW, but would I like this job all the time?3. 未考虑他人的利益，比如：It appears interesting to ME, but how would my family or friends feel if I became a volcanologist?4. 未考虑可能的缺点或优点，比如：I would have to work outside a long time each day, and there may be risks. Will this be a problem for me?二、Pat answer 现象的产生原因1.学生欠缺相应的语言与思维水平2.因缺乏自信、害怕丢脸而不愿过多发言3.教师片面追求教学流程的顺利，只求任务的表面达成4.为缺乏追问引导、推进讨论的能力，只能无奈接受学生的pat answer5.教师没有搭建足够的语言与思维支架，使得评价性问题与之前的教学环节相比出现跳跃式提升6.教师自身缺乏有效推进学术对话的能力三、Pat answer产生的弊端1.导致评价类问题无法发挥有效锻炼学生高阶思维、促进其语言产出的功效2.传递错误的认识论暗示。教师如果认可了学生的pat answer，就等于向他们传递了这样的认识论暗示：评价时答案只需表面“正确”即可，教师并不会深究其中的理据是否充分、逻辑是否严谨。学生一旦习惯用笼统的喜好作为支撑自己观点的理由，那么他们今后就会以类似回答来付评价类问题，并在其它活动中模仿这种话语和思维方式3.不利于发挥阅读教学的育人功能。四、如何解决课堂中pat answer的问题制定问题回答的详细标准是解决pat answer的关键！（1）头脑风暴师生可以通过头脑风暴，考虑从哪些角度评价、每个角度可以使用哪些具体的语言进行描述。（2）学科知识如：对短篇小说进行分析，提供背景、人物、情节、主题等思考角度及相应的语言支架。① Setting: specific details about when, whereand who; ② Character: well developed throughappearance, action, thoughts, and speech; ③ Plot: believable, holds the reader's interest; character struggles with problems in interesting and meaningful ways;④ Theme: makes the reader think, teaches the reader something important about life（3）词典定义通过查字典定义某个概念的标准，然后让学生依旧该标准对事物作出评价！如：为了培养学生的标准应用意识，教师可以这样提出人物评价类问题：What kind of girl was Alice? First, think of a word and find its meaning in your dictionary. Then tell me why this word describes Alice well。（4）网络资料如：Do you want to be a volcanologist? Why?”为例，学生以 how to choose an occupation/a career 为关键词查阅网络英文资料，收集、整理择业时需考虑的因素。也可以由教师提前收集好资料呈现给学生。（5）追问纵向追问Yes, I like it very much, because it's interesting.Why do you think it is interesting to you? Would you take up a job as long as it is interesting, even if it is dangerous or does not pay very well? Will jobs that are interesting in the beginning always remain so to you?横向追问引发其他学生的回应Do others agree? Is interest the only thing you will consider? Can a job interesting for one be boring for another? ...横向追问提醒其他学生思考Did you consider this in your judgement just now? Is this also an important issue for you? ...这是笔记思维导图，需要的小伙伴自行保存哈！
