心衰的管理丨医学英语视听学习

Managing Heart Failure

心衰的管理

This video will help you understand heart failure and how to manage it. Please watch the entire video to learn how to manage heart failure. 

本视频将帮助大家了解心脏衰竭及其管理方法。请观看全部视频来了解心脏衰竭的管理。

If you've been diagnosed with heart failure, it's important to control your symptoms. Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure or CHF, is a lifelong condition in which your heart continues to work, but not as well as it should. Your heart can't pump enough blood and oxygen to meet the needs of your body. Excess fluid builds up in the lungs, legs, and other body tissues. 

心脏衰竭确诊后，控制症状非常关键。心衰，也称充血性心力衰竭（CHF），是一种终身疾病，即心脏继续工作，但达不到正常水平。心脏不能泵送身体所需的足够的血液和氧气。多余的液体在肺、双腿，以及身体其他组织积聚。

Over time, heart failure weakens your heart and can shorten your life if not well managed. 

随着发展，如果管理不当，心衰将削弱心脏的功能，甚至缩短寿命。

The symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, chronic coughing or wheezing, swelling of the legs, feet, or abdomen, weight gain, feeling tired all the time, nausea or lack of appetite, heart palpitations, difficulty lying flat due to feelings of suffocation, and having to sit up to breathe. 

心脏衰竭的症状包括呼吸急促，长期咳嗽或喘息，腿、脚或腹部肿胀，体重增加，常常疲乏，恶心或食欲不振，心悸，窒息感导致难以平卧，以及必须坐立呼吸。

Fortunately, you can help control your symptoms by following your doctor's instructions, adopting a heart healthy lifestyle, and staying aware of changes in your symptoms. 

然而，症状控制可通过遵循医生指导，采取有益于心脏健康的生活方式，以及警惕症状改变来实现。

Following the instructions of your health care team is very important in managing your symptoms and preventing unnecessary trips to the hospital. This includes taking your medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Don't stop taking your medications or skip doses. Take note of any side effects and tell your doctor. 

医生指导对于症状管理和预防不必要的就诊非常重要，包括严格按照医生处方服药；不停服或漏服；记录所有不良反应并告知医生。

If the cost of your medication is an issue, discuss other options with your doctor. Don't take any over-the-counter medication or supplement without asking your doctor if it's OK. Make and keep all of your follow up appointments for both doctor's visits and lab tests. Get vaccinated against the flu and pneumonia as directed by your doctor. 

如果难以支付医疗费用，应与医生探讨其他治疗选项。未经医生许可，不要服用任何非处方药或补充剂；定期复查；按照医生的指导接种流感和肺炎疫苗。

Managing your heart failure also means adopting a healthy lifestyle. You may need to make the following changes. Limit your salt and sodium intake to 2000 milligrams a day by doing the following. Don't add salt when you cook or to food at the table. 

心衰管理也意味着采取健康的生活方式。患者可能需要做出以下改变：盐和钠摄入量限制在2000 mg/天，烹饪或外出就餐时不要加盐。

Avoid processed and fast foods. Compare food labels and choose the items that are lower in salt and sodium. Eat a heart healthy diet including low fat, low cholesterol, and high fiber foods. Check food labels for the amounts of these ingredients and others. For example, oatmeal is a food that is low in fat and cholesterol and high in fiber.

避免食用加工食品和快餐；对比食物标签，选择盐和钠含量较低的食品；健康饮食包括低脂肪、低胆固醇，高纤维饮食。检查食品标签上这些成分和其他成分的含量，例如燕麦片是一种低脂肪、低胆固醇、高纤维的食物。

A heart healthy diet helps you maintain or achieve a good blood pressure and weight. And helps prevent other conditions that may further stress your heart. Limit your alcohol intake. Ask your doctor if your condition allows you to include any alcohol in your diet. Monitor your fluid intake. Too much fluid makes your heart work harder. Ask your doctor how much fluid is the right amount for you. 

健康饮食有助于人体维持或达到良好血压和体重，预防发生进一步加重心脏负担的其他疾病。限制酒精摄入，咨询医生，就你个体的情况而言，饮食时是否可适量饮酒；监测液体摄入量，摄入过多液体会增加心脏负担，咨询医生正确的液体摄入量。

Don't smoke. Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure. At the same time as it decreases the amount of oxygen rich blood delivered to your body's tissues. 

戒烟，尼古丁会增加心率和血压，同时减少输送到身体组织的富氧血液量。

Become physically active. Regular exercise through daily activities, such as gardening and housework, can make you feel better. 

锻炼身体，通过日常活动，如园艺和家务定期锻炼有助于健康。

Other good exercise options, with your doctor's approval, are walking, swimming, and bicycling. As you exercise, keep these precautions in mind. Rest as needed. Stop if you feel chest pain or more than usual shortness of breath. And don't exercise when temperatures are very hot or very cold. 

医生允许的其他锻炼选择包括散步、游泳和骑自行车。锻炼时，应谨记以下几点：根据情况休息，胸痛或呼吸急促频率增加时停止锻炼，气温过高或过低时禁止锻炼。

Your doctor may also prescribe a cardiac rehabilitation program that is a combination of medically supervised exercise, lifestyle counseling, and education. It is important to stay aware of changes in your symptoms and know when to get help. 

医生也可能为患者制定一套包含医疗监督下锻炼，生活方式咨询和教育的康复计划。患者了解症状变化，并在需要时就医非常重要。

Using the traffic light colors green, yellow, and red to assess how you feel can help you take the proper action to manage your heart failure symptoms. 

我们使用交通信号灯的颜色（绿色、黄色和红色）来评估患者的感受，这有助于采取适当的措施来管理心脏衰竭的症状。

Green is your goal and means that your symptoms are under control. Continue to follow your doctor's directions and keep all medical appointments. Weigh yourself daily to see if your body is retaining fluids. Do it at the same time each day, before eating or drinking, and wear the same type of clothing. Record and take note of any changes in your weight. 

绿色是要实现的目标，表示症状得到控制。继续遵循医生的指导，定期复查。每天测体重，确定体内是否有液体积聚。每天必须在同样的时间，饮食前，穿着同样的衣服测量体重。记录，标注体重变化。

Symptoms in the yellow zone are warning signs. Call your doctor immediately if you gain two to three or more pounds in one day, or five pounds in one week, have an increased shortness of breath, have difficulty sleeping due to trouble breathing, feel persistent, fast or irregular heartbeats, are feeling light headed or as if you may faint. 

黄色区域的症状是警示信号。出现以下情况，应立即联系医生：一天内体重增加2或3磅（（约1.8或2.7斤），或者更多，或者一周增重5磅（约4.5斤）；呼吸急促加重；呼吸困难引起睡眠障碍；心跳加快、不规则，或持续不规则；头晕或晕倒。

Red zone symptoms are emergencies that mean you need medical evaluation right away. Call 911 if you experience chest pain that last more than 15 minutes, severe and ongoing shortness of breath, coughing up pink, frothy foam, or fainting. Staying on top of your symptoms and following your doctor's instructions can help you manage heart failure and reduce your trips to the hospital.

红色区域的症状是紧急情况，表示需要立即进行医疗评估。以下情况应立即拨打急救电话：胸痛持续时间大于15分钟；严重且持续的呼吸急促；咳粉色泡沫痰；或晕倒。警惕症状，遵循医生指导有助于管理心脏衰竭，减少就诊频次。