经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVI ）丨医学英语视听学习

TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation)

经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVI ）

If you have a severe problem with the aortic valve in your heart and you can't have open heart surgery, your doctor may recommend a transcatheter aortic valve implantation. 

如果患者患有严重的心脏主动脉瓣膜疾病，且无法进行开心手术，那么医生可能推荐行经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVI ）。

Your aortic valve is one of the four valves in your heart. It lies between your left ventricle, or lower left chamber, and the large blood vessel supplying oxygen-rich blood to your body, called the aorta. 

人体主动脉瓣是心脏四个瓣膜之一，它位于左心室，或左下腔室与主动脉（为人体输送富氧血液的大血管）之间。

When your left ventricle contracts during each heartbeat, it pushes blood through three flexible cup-like leaflets that make up your aortic valve. When your left ventricle relaxes, your aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into your left ventricle. 

每次心跳期间，左心室收缩，推动血液通过构成主动脉瓣的三个弹性杯状瓣叶。左心室舒张时，主动脉瓣关闭，防止血液回流到左心室。

As you get older, your aortic valve may develop deposits of calcium that cause your leaflets to get thicker and less flexible. 

随着不断衰老，主动脉瓣可能形成钙沉积物，导致瓣叶变得更厚，活动受限。

In this condition, your leaflets may not open fully. This condition, called calcific aortic valve stenosis, creates a narrowed opening that reduces the amount of blood flowing into your aorta and out to your body. 

在这种情况下，主动脉瓣叶可能不会完全打开。这种病症称为钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄（calcific aortic valve stenosis），即开口狭窄，导致流入主动脉，流出身体的血流量减少。

The narrowed valve opening strains your heart because it has to pump harder to move enough oxygen-rich blood to your body.

瓣膜开口狭窄，致使心脏承受更多的压力，因为它必须更用力才能将足够的富氧血液泵入身体。

At the beginning of your procedure, your doctor will make a small incision in your groin. After creating an opening in a blood vessel called the femoral artery, your doctor will insert a flexible tube, called an introducer sheath. Through the sheath, your doctor will insert a flexible guide wire into your femoral artery.  

手术开始时，医生将在患者腹股沟处做一个小切口。在股动脉血管创建开口后，医生将插入一根软管，即导引鞘（introducer sheath）。通过导引鞘，医生将柔韧的导丝插入股动脉。

The guide wire will be passed through your femoral artery all the way up to your aorta. Then, the guide wire will be pushed through the opening in your aortic valve and into your left ventricle. Your doctor will use the guide wire to pass a flexible tube called a catheter through your aortic valve. 

导丝将通过股动脉一直上行到主动脉。然后，医生将导丝穿过主动脉瓣开口，穿入左心室。医生将使用导丝将一根软导管穿过主动脉瓣。

A balloon on the tip of the catheter will be inflated to widen the opening in your aortic valve and push the valve leaflets to the sides. After deflating the balloon, your doctor will remove the catheter. 

导管尖端的球囊将扩张，扩大主动脉瓣开口，并将瓣叶推向两侧。球囊排空后，医生将移除导管。

The replacement valve consists of a tissue valve surrounded by a wire mesh called a stent. The replacement valve will be compressed and placed on the tip of another catheter. This catheter will be inserted through your aortic valve. 

置换瓣膜由被金属丝网包围的组织瓣膜组成。置换瓣膜将被压缩并放置在另一个导管的尖端。医生将通过主动脉瓣插入该导管。

When the catheter reaches the opening in your aortic valve, your surgeon will inflate a balloon underneath the replacement valve to expand it and the stent. After placement of the new aortic valve, your surgeon will deflate the balloon. The stent will support and secure the replacement valve in place. The catheter and guide wire will be removed.

导管到达主动脉瓣开口时，医生将给置换瓣膜下方的球囊充气，使球囊扩张，支架打开。植入新的主动脉瓣后，医生将排空球囊。支架将支撑并固定置换的瓣膜。医生将移除导管和导丝。

At the end of your procedure, the introducer sheath in your groin will be removed. Your skin incision will be closed with stitches. 

手术结束时，医生将移除患者腹股沟中的导引鞘，使用缝合线缝合皮肤切口。

You will have another incision on the other side of your groin through which instruments were inserted to monitor your heart during the procedure. This skin incision will be closed in a similar manner.

医生将在患者对侧的腹股沟做另一个切口，经由该切口插入器械以监测术中患者的心脏动态。最后使用缝合线缝合皮肤切口。