心脏病发作后的康复管理丨医学英语视听学习

After a Heart Attack: Managing Your Recovery

心脏病发作后的康复管理

This video will help you understand a heart attack and how to manage it. Please watch the entire video to learn how to manage your recovery. 

本视频将帮助大家了解心脏病发作及其管理方法。请观看全部视频，学习如何进行康复管理。

If you have been hospitalized with a heart attack, it's important to recover properly when you return home. 

如果您曾因心脏病发作住院，那么回家后，进行正常的康复管理就非常重要。

A heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, or MI, occurs when blood flow to an area of your heart is greatly reduced. When the blood supply is not able to keep up with the demand, the heart muscle cells don't get enough blood to stay alive. The result is death of heart muscle cells in the affected area of the heart. 

心脏某一区域血流大量减少时，会心脏病发作，也称心肌梗死（MI）。当血液供应不能满足需求时，心肌细胞将得不到足够的血液来维持生存，从而导致心脏受影响区域的心肌细胞死亡。

The goals after a heart attack are to keep your heart healthy and avoid another heart attack. Recovery takes time, and the amount is different for each patient. It depends upon how much of your heart muscle is damaged and your individual rate of recovery. 

心脏病发作后的管理旨在保持心脏健康，避免再次心脏病发作。康复需要时间，而每个患者的康复指标不同。它取决于心肌受损程度和个体恢复速度。

You may also have had a procedure. This may also affect your recovery time. 

既往手术也会影响康复时间。

You could lower your risk of having another heart attack by taking these steps. Follow your doctor's instructions. Make some lifestyle changes. And know when to seek medical attention. 

以下措施可降低再次心脏病发作的风险：遵医嘱，改变生活方式，以及选择最佳时机就医。

Following the instructions of your doctor and health care team is very important to your recovery. 

遵循医生和医疗团队的指导对于康复非常重要。

This includes taking your medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Don't stop taking your medications or skip doses. Take note of any side effects and tell your doctor. Don't take any over-the-counter medication or supplement without first consulting your doctor. Tell your doctor about any other prescriptions you're taking. Some medications can prevent your heart medicine from working. 

这包括严格按照医生的处方服药；不停服或漏服药物；记录任何副作用并告诉医生；未咨询医生前，不服用任何非处方药或补充剂；告诉医生您正在服用的其他处方药，有些药物会阻碍心脏病治疗药物发挥作用；

It's important that your recovery is monitored. Keep all of your follow up appointments. Have exams done as directed by your doctor. For example, if your doctor has told you to check your blood pressure regularly, do as directed. 

密切监测康复过程很重要。患者应定期复查。在医生指导下做检查。例如，如果医生认为应定期测血压，则患者需按照指导检测血压。

Lowering your risk of another heart attack usually requires some lifestyle changes. 

降低心脏病再次发作的风险需要改变生活方式。

Limit your salt and sodium intake by doing the following. Don't add salts when you cook or to food at the table. Avoid processed and fast foods. Compare food labels and choose the items that are lower in salt and sodium. Eat a heart-healthy diet, including low fat, low cholesterol, and high fiber foods. 

患者可通过以下方式限制盐和钠摄入：做饭或外出就餐时不加盐；避免食用加工食品和快餐；比较食品标签，选择盐和钠含量较低的食品；摄入有益于心脏健康的食物，如低脂肪、低胆固醇和高纤维食物。

A heart-healthy diet helps you maintain or achieve a good blood pressure and weight. It also helps prevent other conditions that may further stress your heart. Limit your alcohol intake. 

心脏健康饮食有助于维持或实现健康血压和体重。它也有助于避免其他进一步增加心脏负担的疾病。

Ask your doctor if it's safe to include any alcohol in your diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Don't smoke-- avoid all tobacco products and second-hand smoke. Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure. At the same time, it decreases the amount of oxygen rich blood delivered to your body's tissues. 

限制饮酒，询问医生饮食中含酒精是否健康。维持健康体重。不吸烟，避免接触所有烟草制品和二手烟。尼古丁会增加心率和血压。同时，它会减少输送到身体组织的富氧血液量。

Allow yourself time to heal by taking it easy for the first four weeks. Getting a good night's sleep. Resting in the afternoon. Avoiding heavy lifting, and gradually increasing your physical activity. Ask your doctor when you can resume driving, sexual activity, and return to work. 

最初4周内，放松心情，使自己有时间恢复；夜间睡眠充足，午休，避免举重，逐渐增加运动量。咨询医生何时可以恢复驾驶，性生活和工作。

Four weeks after your heart attack, you will begin cardiac rehab, which includes a closely monitored exercise regimen. After completing the cardiac rehab program, continue with regular exercise through daily activities, such as light yard and house work. 

心脏病发作后4周，开始心脏康复训练，包括密切监测训练方案。完成心脏康复训练计划后，继续日常活动，如轻松的庭院工作和家务，进行定期锻炼。

Other good exercise options, with your doctor's approval, are walking, swimming, and bicycling. As you exercise, keep these precautions in mind. Rest as needed. Stop if you feel chest pain or have shortness of breath. And don't exercise when temperatures are very hot or very cold. 

其他医生许可的良好锻炼方式包括散步，游泳和骑自行车。锻炼时，请牢记这些预防措施。必要时需休息。如果感到胸痛或呼吸困难，请停止锻炼。气温过高或过低时，请勿锻炼。

Stress can affect your blood pressure and your ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Identifying the causes of your stress and learning to eliminate or manage them can help with your recovery. 

压力会影响患者的血压和维持健康生活方式的能力。确定压力源，学习消除或管理压力有助于康复。

You may feel depressed. Discuss these feelings with your doctor. He or she can prescribe medicine, counseling, or a support group to help you adjust. 

患者可能会感到沮丧，应与医生讨论这些感受。医生会开处方药，提供咨询或支持小组，帮助患者进行调整。

It is important to stay aware of changes in your symptoms and know when to get help. If your hospital stay included a procedure with an incision, check the site each day for any signs of infection. Call your doctor if you develop a fever, or redness, heat, pain, tenderness, pus, or bleeding at the incision site. 

请务必注意症状的变化，知道何时获得帮助。如果住院期间，患者接受手术治疗，做了切口，则需每日检查切口是否感染。如果发烧或切口发红，发热，疼痛，压痛，流脓或出血，请联系医生。

Be mindful of any symptoms of chest pain, pressure, tightness, heaviness, ache, or any other kind of unusual sensation in your chest as any of these could mean you have a blockage in the blood vessels of the heart. 

注意胸痛、胸部压迫、胸部紧迫感、胸闷、疼痛，或其他胸部不适症状，因为它们可能提示心脏血管堵塞。

Symptoms related to blockage in the blood vessels of the heart are called angina, and could be any one of these symptoms. Angina symptoms may also be felt in your arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. Call your doctor if you think you're experiencing angina. 

与心脏血管堵塞相关的症状称为心绞痛。心绞痛可表现为这些症状中的任一种，可出现在手臂、肩部、颈部、下颌、喉部或背部。如果认为自己出现心绞痛，请致电医生。

Call 9-1-1 immediately if you have any of these symptoms. Angina that doesn't go away with medication as prescribed by your doctor, shortness of breath, cold sweats, nausea, vomiting, or lightheadedness.

如果出现这些症状中的任一种，请立即拨打急救电话。有些症状不会因医生处方药治疗而消失，包括呼吸短促、出冷汗、恶心、呕吐或头晕。