心脏淋巴系统：淋巴结和淋巴管丨医学英语视听学习

Lymphatics of the heart: lymph nodes and vessels

心脏淋巴系统：淋巴结和淋巴管

In this video, we'll be exploring the pathways in which lymph travels from the heart to the venous system. Before we begin, let me give you a quick overview of what we're going to talk about today.

在这个视频中，我们将探讨淋巴从心脏流动到静脉系统的路径。开始讲解前，我们快速回顾一下今天将要讨论的内容。

First, we'll look at these two components separately – the lymphatic system and the heart--then we'll put them together and discover where and how these two components interact by looking at the lymphatics of the heart which is, of course, the topic of this tutorial. Finally, we'll conclude this tutorial with some clinical notes relevant to the topic.

首先，我们将分别看一下淋巴系统和心脏这两个部分，然后，将它们整合在一起，通过观察心脏的淋巴系统（本教程的主题），探讨一下这两个部分相互作用的部位和机制。最后，我们将给大家分享一些与这个主题相关的临床报告。

First, let's take a look at the anatomy of the lymphatic system.

首先，我们来看一下淋巴系统解剖。

The lymphatic system is composed of lymphoid organs and lymphoid vessels. Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs which are widely distributed throughout the body. We can now see them highlighted in green in our image on the right and I've circled some of them for you in blue.

淋巴系统由淋巴器官和淋巴管组成。淋巴结是广泛分布于全身的次级淋巴器官，如右图中绿色高亮区域所示，我用蓝色圈出了其中一些淋巴结。

They are bean-shaped structures and each have at least one afferent vessel and one efferent vessel connecting it to the rest of the system.

它们是豆状结构，每个淋巴结都有至少1条输入淋巴管和 1 条输出淋巴管，它们连接系统的其他部分。

Vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called afferent lymph vessels  and nodes that carry lymph away from a lymph node are called efferent lymph vessels.

将淋巴携带到淋巴结的管是输入淋巴管，将淋巴带离淋巴结的管是输出淋巴管。

Efferent lymph vessels may carry lymph to a vein, into a lymphatic duct or even to another lymph node. This means one lymph vessel could be efferent from one lymph node and afferent to another. Eventually, all lymph ends up in the venous circulation.

输出淋巴管将淋巴携带到静脉，淋巴导管，或者甚至是另一个淋巴结。这表示，1条淋巴管可能从一个淋巴结发出，然后传入到另一条淋巴管。最终，所有淋巴都进入静脉循环。

Now, we'll take a look at the heart and the parts of it that are relevant to our understanding all of its interaction with the lymphatic system.

现在，我们来看一下心脏，及我们所了解的所有与淋巴系统相互作用的心脏部分。

In this image, we're looking at the anterior aspect of the heart in situ with the lungs retracted. The heart is a muscular pump responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. It contains four chambers through which the blood passes and is made up of four layers. The heart is located in the mediastinum between the lungs and anterior to the trachea.

这个图像是肺缩回的原位心脏前面观。心脏是负责血液在全身循环的一种肌肉泵。它由四个腔室组成，血液通过这 4 个腔室泵送，心脏分为 4 层，位于双肺之间，气管前面。

We'll now go through the four chambers of the heart in the same way blood travels from entering the heart as deoxygenated blood to leaving the heart as oxygenated blood to supply the body. The first chamber blood enters is the right atrium.

现在，我们按脱氧血液进入心脏，然后变为含氧血液离开心脏，供应全身的方式来看一下心脏的 4 个腔室。血液先进入右心房。

In this image, we're again looking at the anterior aspect of the heart and the right atrium is highlighted in green. 

在这个图像上，我们同样看到心脏的前面，右心房见绿色高亮部分。

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the venous system and when the right atrium contracts, the blood moves into the second chamber, the right ventricle, which is the structure we can now see highlighted in green.

右心房接收来自静脉系统的脱氧血液，当右心房收缩时，血液进入第二个腔室—右心室（图中绿色高亮显示的结构）。

When the right ventricle contracts, the deoxygenated blood travels into the lungs where it gets rid of carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen becoming oxygenated blood. When it returns to the heart, it enters the third chamber, the left atrium.

当右心室收缩时，脱氧血液进入肺，在肺内排出CO2，吸收O2，成为含氧血液。当含氧血液返回心脏时，它将进入第三个腔室—左心房。

This image shows us the heart from a posterior view with the left atrium highlighted in green.

这张图是心脏的后视图，左心房见绿色高亮部分。