Big Food Vision and Food Security in China
中国的大食物观与粮食安全
A Review of Sampling and Modeling Techniques for Forest Biomass Inventory
Forest biomass is the energy base and material source of forest ecosystem cycle, which is expressed by the dry matter weight or energy accumulated per unit area and time. It is also an important index to study the structure and function of forest ecosystem, and is the premise and basis of scientific management of forest ecosystem. In this paper, the concept, development history, and research status of forest biomass were reviewed. The sampling methods, model construction methods of forest biomass survey were analyzed. Finally, the research prospects and summaries of key technologies of forest biomass inventory and monitoring were put forward.
森林生物量是森林生态系统循环的能量基础和物质来源，用单位面积、单位时间内的干物质重量或能量积累来表示。它也是研究森林生态系统结构和功能的重要指标，是科学管理森林生态系统的前提和基础。本文综述了森林生物量的概念、发展历程和研究现状。分析了森林生物量调查的采样方法、模型构建方法。最后，提出了森林生物量清查与监测的研究展望和关键技术总结。
作者：Heng Wu, Hui Xu
原文刊发：Wu H, Xu H. A review of sampling and modeling techniques for forest biomass inventory[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(1): 0002-0002.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01010002
Emigration and Common Agricultural Policy in Romanian Rural Areas: An Analysis of Patterns of Inefficiency
Romanian rural areas have suffered a significant permanent emigration since the early 1990s and the European Union by the Common Agricultural Policy has tried to slow down this negative phenomenon. The main research question was to assess if the Common Agricultural Policy has been a leverage of socio-economic development in Romanian rural areas reducing the permanent emigration from the countryside since 2010 to 2020. The quantitative approach has used the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis in order to assess the patterns of inefficiency due to an excess of some variables impacting to the permanent rural emigration.
自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来，罗马尼亚农村地区出现了大量永久性移民，欧盟通过共同农业政策试图减缓这一消极现象。研究的主要问题是评估共同农业政策是否成为罗马尼亚农村地区社会经济发展的杠杆，从而减少自 2010 年至 2020 年农村人口的永久性迁出。定量方法采用了数据包络分析法和多向效率分析法，以评估由于影响农村人口永久迁出的某些变量过多而导致的低效率模式。
作者：Nicola Galluzzo
原文刊发：Galluzzo, Nicola. "Emigration and Common Agricultural Policy in Romanian Rural Areas: An Analysis of Patterns of Inefficiency." Agricultural & Rural Studies 1.1 (2023): 0003-0003.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01010003
The study aimed to assess the factors affecting on women’s participation level and decision-making behavior of rural women in livestock management and household activities in particularly 60 randomized respondents from three villages of Natmauk township, central dry zone area, Myanmar. Descriptive analysis, Chi-Square test and stepwise regression methods were applied to analyze the relationship of women’s participation and decision-making behavior of respondents. Results of the KII and FGD were used to further explains in survey. Respondents are middle-aged group, small-sized farmers, busy with domestic chores and had no formal schooling. They mostly grow sesame, groundnut and other tropical crops and rear small sizes of adult cattle males in the study. Men are chief decision makers in their households because they have access to more resources. Ownership of land and access to information is highly affected on decision making of when to buy/sell livestock, what to feed and when medical treatment of livestock. Information got especially from friends, family and traders are helpful in the decision making of buying/selling livestock, spending money earned from livestock and feeding the food for the livestock. Spearman’s rho correlation was used to identify and streamline women’s activities that need to be focused on so that to make good decisions in livestock farming.
本研究旨在评估影响农村妇女在牲畜管理和家务活动中的参与水平和决策行为的因素，特别是来自缅甸中部干旱地区 Natmauk 镇三个村庄的 60 名随机受访者。研究采用了描述性分析、齐方检验和逐步回归等方法来分析妇女参与程度与受访者决策行为之间的关系。KII 和 FGD 的结果用于进一步解释调查。受访者为小农户、忙于家务、未受过正规教育的中年群体。他们主要种植芝麻、花生和其他热带作物，并饲养少量成年公牛。男性是家庭的主要决策者，因为他们能获得更多的资源。土地所有权和信息获取对何时购买/出售牲畜、喂养什么牲畜以及何时对牲畜进行治疗的决策有很大影响。特别是从朋友、家人和商人那里获得的信息有助于做出购买/出售牲畜、畜牧消费以及喂养牲畜的决策。斯皮尔曼的 Rho 相关性用于确定和简化妇女需要关注的活动，以便在畜牧业中做出正确决策。
作者：Yi Mon Thu,San San Htoo,Nyein Nyein Htwe,Kathryn Gomersall
原文刊发：Thu Y M, Htwe N N, Gomersall K. Rural Women’s Participation and their Decision Making Behavior in Livestock Management and Household Activities in Central Dry Zone Area of Myanmar[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(1): 0004-0004.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01010004
In order to improve the rationality, accuracy, and timeliness of decisions on financial risks in agricultural product supply chains, it is necessary to evaluate and control these risks sensibly. In this paper, research is conducted on financial risk factors in agricultural product supply chains, and on this basis a financial risk evaluation index system for such supply chains is built in four identified dimensions – credit risk, market risk, pledge risk, and supply chain relation risk. Next, the weights of risk indexes are measured by means of combined weighting based on subjective F-AHP method and objective CRITIC method. The final risk weight coefficients are then derived with EDAS method. With the aid of an improved DEMATEL method, the agricultural product supply chain financial risk factors are analyzed, and comprehensive impact degrees of different risk factors in agricultural product supply chains are calculated. The calculation results show that financial risks in agricultural product supply chains are highly influenced by cooperation level, performance record, and financial standing and repayment history of borrowing organization. Based on the findings of this paper, appropriate financial risk management and control measures can be developed in light of the key risk factors identified in agricultural product supply chains, thereby providing a valuable reference for financial risk control in agricultural product supply chains.
为了提高农产品供应链金融风险决策的合理性、准确性和及时性，有必要对这些风险进行合理的评估和控制。本文对农产品供应链中的财务风险因素进行了研究，并在此基础上从信用风险、市场风险、质押风险和供应链关系风险四个维度构建了农产品供应链财务风险评价指标体系。接下来，根据主观的 F-AHP 方法和客观的 CRITIC 方法，通过综合加权的方式测算风险指数的权重。然后利用 EDAS 方法得出最终的风险权重系数。借助改进的 DEMATEL 方法，对农产品供应链财务风险因素进行分析，计算不同风险因素对农产品供应链的综合影响程度。计算结果表明，农产品供应链财务风险受借款组织的合作水平、业绩记录、财务状况和还款记录的影响较大。根据本文的研究结果，可以针对农产品供应链中识别出的关键风险因素制定相应的财务风险管理和控制措施，从而为农产品供应链的财务风险控制提供有价值的参考。
作者：Xiaowo Wu,Xi Zhou,Shuxia Sun
原文刊发：Wu X, Zhou X, Sun S. Research on Evaluation of Financial Risks in Agricultural Product Supply Chains Based on An Improved DEMATEL Method[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(1): 0005-0005.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01010005
At present, rural geography is a melting pot of options, dominant or secondary, that coexist in the study of rural spaces, which is also projected in the orientations of the rural global (Woods, 2007). Since the sociocultural turn, rural geography has been dominated by minor theory, where the rural locality is a locus for processes of social change between locals and newcomers. In this context, smart and novelty villages are two focuses of growing and renewing geographic attention in recent years (Paniagua, 2020; Zhang & Zhang, 2020).
This contribution argues that the new rural materiality of smart and novelty villages is a hybrid and inclusive route of study of material histories and sociocultural stories in rural environments, which allows amalgamating the life of people in the core of new material artifacts in the analysis of, renew spatial process of rural areas in the world. Places and peoples are governed by processes and flows, which generate fluid materials. Initially, the rural houses could be considered fixed materialities governed by the dialectic and the structural geography that generates opposite geographies. But, the histories of houses and the stories of houses of the smart and novelty villages perform better with the relational postmodern geography, which combines forms, culture and dwelling. In renovated traditional houses there is a tension or a dialectic between external renovation versus internal renovation, between the urban style with/and the old structure.
目前，农村地理学是各种选择的大熔炉，汇集了研究农村空间的各种主要或次要选择，这也反映在全球农村的发展方向上（Woods，2007 年）。自社会文化转向以来，农村地理学一直以次要理论为主导，在次要理论中，农村地区是当地人与新来者之间社会变革过程的中心。在此背景下，智慧乡村和新颖乡村是近年来不断增长和更新的两个乡村地理学关注焦点（Paniagua, 2020; Zhang & Zhang, 2020）。
这篇论文认为，智慧乡村和新颖乡村的新农村物质性是研究农村环境中物质历史和社会文化故事的一种混合、包容的途径，它允许在分析世界农村地区新的空间进程时，将人们的生活与新的物质人工制品核心结合起来。地方和民族受过程和流动的支配，产生流动材料。起初，农村房屋可被视为受辩证法和结构地理学支配的固定物质，这种辩证法和结构地理学产生了相反的地理学。但是，在将形式、文化和居住结合在一起的关系后现代地理学中，智能村和新颖村的房屋历史和房屋故事表现得更好。在翻新过的传统房屋中，外部翻新与内部翻新之间、城市风格与旧结构之间存在着紧张关系或辩证关系。
作者：Angel Paniagua
原文刊发：Paniagua A. Some considerations for research on smart and novelty villages in global rural areas[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(1): 0006-0006.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01010006
翻译（仅供参考）：王卓楠
编辑：张侣佳
【关于本刊】《Agricultural & Rural Studies》（ ISSN 2959-9784）现任主编为浙江省乡村振兴研究院首席专家、华中农业大学农业绿色低碳发展实验室学术委员会主任张俊飚教授。本刊聚焦于农村经济学、农业资源与环境经济学、农村社会学（重点关注乡村女性学）、农村地理学（重点关注乡村人文地理）等相关领域的基础和应用研究进展。
