With satellite remote sensing technology blooming, satellite remote sensing has become a common tool to detect forest fires, and played an important role in forest fire monitoring. This paper sort the research status and progress on satellite remote sensing monitoring for forest fires to provide directions and insights for subsequent research and applications. Through reviewing the literature on satellite remote sensing monitoring for forest fires, we present satellites and sensors for forest fire monitoring, describe forest fire monitoring methods through brightness temperature detection and smoke detection, and summarize current problems of satellite remote sensing monitoring of forest fires. Despite forest fire satellite remote sensing monitoring algorithms are becoming increasingly mature, it is not without problems such as slow migration of cloud detection algorithms, difficulties in unifying spatial and temporal characteristics, and difficulties in detecting small fires and low-temperature fires. Finally, in response to the problems identified, we list some recommendations with a view to providing useful references for future research on forest fire monitoring with satellite remote sensing.
随着卫星遥感技术蓬勃发展，卫星遥感已成为探测森林火灾的常用工具，在森林火灾监测中发挥着重要作用。本文梳理了卫星遥感监测森林火灾的研究现状和发展进程，为后续研究和应用提供发展方向和指导。通过回顾有关森林火灾卫星遥感监测的文献，本文介绍了用于森林火灾监测的卫星和传感器的研究现状和发展进程，阐述了通过亮度温度探测和烟雾探测进行林火监测的方法，并且总结了当前森林火灾卫星遥感监测存在的问题。尽管卫星遥感监测技术在林火监测方面取得了一定的成绩，但仍面临一些挑战，例如云层探测算法更新速度慢、时空特征标准化困难，以及对小规模火灾和低温火的探测难题。最后，针对上述问题，我们给出了一些建议，以期为今后利用卫星遥感技术监测森林火灾的研究提供有益的参考意见。
作者：Ying Zheng，Gui Zhang，Sanqing Tan，Lanbo Feng
原文刊发：Zheng Y, Zhang G, Tan S, et al. Research on Progress of Forest Fire Monitoring with Satellite Remote Sensing[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01020008
This research article aims to establish a relationship between regional conditions of agri-food production and their correlations with macroeconomic structures. To this end, soybeans production in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and its trade with Chinese Mainland are observed. The analysis draws on the Food Regimes approach in dialogue with institutionalist theory, especially considering the construction of agricultural production habits and models. The argument takes secondary quantitative data on soybeans production and trade, triangulating them with information gathered from international platforms—primarily FAOSTAT and Trase Platform—and with qualitative data collected during field research—using landscape analysis and interviews conducted with soybean cooperatives (in the Brazilian case). Findings on the formation of the soybean market between Rio Grande do Sul and Chinese Mainland reveal historically constituted elements that shaped trade flows as they are configured contemporarily. A correlation between the Third Food Regime and effects on agricultural practice in the Brazilian region was also observe.
本文章旨在研究确定农业食品生产的地区条件与宏观经济结构之间的关系。为此，本文观察了巴西南里奥格兰德州的大豆生产及其与中国大陆之间的贸易。分析采用了“食品体系”方法与制度主义理论相结合，特别考虑了农业生产习惯和模式的构建。论证采用了有关大豆生产和贸易的二手定量数据，并将从国际平台（主要是联合国粮农组织统计数据库和Trase平台）收集的信息，以及在实地研究中收集的定性数据（尤其在巴西案例中采用了景观分析和对大豆合作社的访谈）进行了三角交叉验证。在南里奥格兰德州与中国大陆之间大豆市场形成的研究结果中体现出了历史上形成贸易流动的各种因素，这些因素在当代贸易流动中依然重要。本文还观察到了第三视频体系对巴西地区农业实践影响之间的相关性。
作者：Angelo Belletti，Sergio Schneider
原文刊发：Belletti Â, Schneider S. The Relationship between Agri-Food Production and Macro-Economic Dynamics: A Study on Soybeans in Brazilian South and Chinese Mainland[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(2): 0009-0009. https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01020009
Using the provincial panel data from 1978 to 2020 as the research object, this study employs the fixed effect SFA-Malmquist model to measure the agricultural total factor productivity of each province and city, and the spatial correlation of China’s agricultural total factor productivity is determined by Moran’s I. On this basis, three weights (adjacency, economy, geography) are included as spatial factors in three spatial β-convergence models (SAR, SEM and SDM), and the spatial convergence characteristics of China’s agricultural total factor productivity are analyzed in different time periods and different regions. The study found that: First, China’s agricultural total factor productivity shows a growing trend, but as time goes on, its growth rate gradually slows down, and the growth rate in the eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions. Second, China’s agricultural total factor productivity has significant spatial correlation and spatial convergence characteristics. The differences in agricultural total factor productivity in various regions are shrinking over time, and the spatial spillover effect significantly shortens the convergence process. Due to spatial convergence, while carrying out agricultural production, all regions should thoroughly consider the advantages of agricultural resources in neighboring regions and strengthen cooperation and exchanges between regions.
本研究以1978-2020年的省级面板数据为研究对象，采用固定效应SFA-Malmquist模型测算各省市的农业全要素生产率，并通过Moran's I确定中国农业全要素生产率的空间相关性。在此基础上，将三个权重（相邻性、经济、地理）作为空间因子纳入三个空间β收敛模型（SAR、SEM、SDM）中，分析不同时期、不同地区中国农业全要素生产率的空间收敛特征。研究发现：首先，中国农业全要素生产率呈增长趋势，但随着时间的推移，其增长速度逐渐放缓，且东部地区的增长速度高于中西部地区。其次，中国农业全要素生产率具有显著的空间相关性和空间趋同性特征。随着时间的推移，各地区农业全要素生产率的差异在不断缩小，空间溢出效应大大缩短了收敛过程。由于空间趋同性，各地区在进行农业生产的同时，应当充分考虑相邻地区的农业资源优势，加强地区间的合作与交流。
作者：Chaozhu Li ，Xiaoliang Li
原文刊发：Li C, Li X. Analysis of Spatial Unbalance and Convergence of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Growth in China—Based on Provincial Spatial Panel Data from 1978 to 2020[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01020010
The increasing global population necessitates increased agricultural production, driving the expansion of agricultural lands and advancement of irrigation farming to supplement the inconsistent and insufficient rainfall patterns prevalent in many regions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential impacts of the expansion of agricultural lands on the streamflow regime of the Thiba River and its impact on the downstream users. The study involved comparing the 2004 and 2014 land uses and using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s Hydrologic Modelling Systems (HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS) for long-term impact simulations. The results showed a considerable decline in the streamflow in the dry months compared to the wet months, with increasing water abstraction trends from 2007 to 2014. The long-term impact assessment showed an average decline in streamflow in the near (2030) and far (2060) future due to land use and population changes with minimal impact from the increasing precipitation. Based on these findings, there is a need for proper water management and adaptation mechanisms to be put in place to maintain the future water supply from the Thiba River. This study’s findings could assist policy and decision-makers in making informed water resource management decisions.
全球人口不断增长要求提高农业产量，这推动了农业用地扩张和灌溉农业发展，以补充许多地区普遍存在的降雨量不稳定和不充足问题。本研究旨在评估农业用地扩张对蒂巴河径流机制的潜在影响及其对下游用户的影响。研究比较了2004年和2014年的土地使用情况，并使用水文工程中心的水文模拟系统（HEC-GeoHMS和HEC-HMS）进行长期影响模拟。结果显示，与湿润月份相比，干旱月份的径流量大幅下降，2007年至2014年的取水量呈上升趋势。长期的影响评估显示，由于土地利用和人口变化，近期（2030年）和远期（2060年）的平均径流量将出现下降，而降水量增加对径流量的影响很小。基于这些研究结果，有必要建立适当的水资源管理和适应机制，以维持未来蒂巴河的供水。这项研究结果有助于政策制定者和决策者做出明智的水资源管理决策。
作者：Brian Omondi Oduor , Benedict Mwavu Mutua , John Ng’ang’a Gathagu，Raphael Muli Wambua
原文刊发：Oduor B O, Mutua B M, Wambua R M. Evaluation of the Streamflow Response to Agricultural Land Expansion in the Thiba River Watershed in Kenya[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(2): 0011-0011. https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01020011
Desertification mapping is the first step in tackling this important problem. The failure of mapping to date creates a research gap that needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
绘制荒漠化地图是解决这一重要问题的第一步。迄今为止，测绘工作的失败造成了研究空白，需要尽快加以解决。
作者：Jaime Martínez-Valderrama
原文刊发：Martinez-Valderrama, J. (2023). An Atlas of Desertification for Spain. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 1(2), 0012. https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01020012
翻译（仅供参考）：王卓楠
编辑：张侣佳
【关于本刊】《Agricultural & Rural Studies》（ ISSN 2959-9784）现任主编为浙江省乡村振兴研究院首席专家、华中农业大学农业绿色低碳发展实验室学术委员会主任张俊飚教授。本刊聚焦于农村经济学、农业资源与环境经济学、农村社会学（重点关注乡村女性学）、农村地理学（重点关注乡村人文地理）等相关领域的基础和应用研究进展。
