《Agricultural & Rural Studies》第1卷第3期共发表6篇文章：第1篇是土耳其学者研究农村人口增长影响因子的论文；第2篇是中华女子学院学者研究中国农民工返乡创业政策的论文；第3篇是印度和澳大利亚学者联合研究沿海地区低成本村舍生物气候定量评价的论文；第4篇是缅甸学者研究女性农民食物安全的论文；第5篇是印度学者研究少数族群传统农业可持续的论文；第6篇是美国学者研究发展中国家农村保健设施的论文。
The study aims to explore how policies affect the behavior of rural off-farm workers on whether to return hometown to start their own businesses in China. In the trend of “Internet + e-commerce” economy, the supply-oriented policy tools need to be optimized to adapt to economic development, especially the aspectsof the entrepreneurial technology and entrepreneurial information, which provide support for off-farm worker entrepreneurs. The formulation of policy tools is scientific and reasonable, but the distribution in each stage of entrepreneurship is slightly unbalanced, especially in the pre-startup stage, policy tools are rarely used, and the importance of this stage has not been paid enough attention. Overall, the policy design for off-farm workers returning hometown to start a business is reasonable, but the details need to be further adjusted. The results of the Policy Modelling Consistency (PMC) policy index evaluation model show that the performance of the overall entrepreneurship policy from 2015 to 2020 is good or excellent, but the characteristics of the primary and secondary indicators show that the use of various policy tools needs to be further strengthened, and the use of policy tools such as government procurement, public-private cooperation, intellectual property rights and overseas institutions should be increased. Based on the above conclusions, it is suggested to further pro-mote the design and foresight of the policies for off-farm workers, to strengthen the use of capacity building policy tools from the pre-startup stage of entrepreneurship, and to carry out the overall evaluation of relevant policies.
本研究旨在探讨政策如何影响中国农村外出务工人员是否返乡创业的行为。在 “互联网+电商 ”经济的趋势下，以供给为导向的政策工具需要优化以适应经济发展，尤其是在创业技术和创业信息方面，为非农务工人员创业提供支持。政策工具的制定虽然科学合理，但是在创业各阶段的分布略显失衡，尤其是在创业前期，政策工具使用较少，该阶段的重要性没有得到足够重视。总体而言，针对非农务工人员返乡创业的政策设计是合理的，但在细节上还需要进行进一步调整。政策建模一致性（PMC）政策指标评价模型的结果显示，2015-2020年创业政策整体表现为良好或优秀，但从一级指标和二级指标的特点来看，各种政策工具的使用还需进一步加强，应加大政府采购、公私合作、知识产权、海外机构等政策工具的使用力度。基于以上结论，建议进一步加强非农务工人员政策的设计和前瞻性，从创业期提升、建设政策工具的使用频率，并对相关政策进行整体评估。
作者：Xiujuan Gao，Ruijuan Zhang
原文刊发：Gao X, Zhang R. A Study on Startup Policy Toolkit of Off-Farm Workers Returning Hometown in China[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(3): 0014-0014. https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01030014
量化孙德尔本斯农村沿海低成本住宅的生物气候性能
As we are aware that climate change poses a significant threat to environmental quality, human health, and well-being, etc., it is important to mitigate the environmental adverse impacts on human health. To do this, a necessary step forward is a bioclimatic analysis that includes a quantitative understanding of eco-human-energy friendliness. The study evaluates the environmental performance of low-cost coastal dwellings by analyzing bioclimatic components. Primary data was collected from field investigation and the perception response of 1332 dwellers from the selected blocks of coastal Sundarban region, West Bengal including re-mote rural, rural, and semi-urban areas was recorded. The statistical analysis indicated the upper 95% confi-dence limit for each subgroup and a normalization of the upper confidence limit with a unity score of 10 for each subset of parameters. The total score of the five categories of bioclimatic components was rounded to 150. A comprehensive evaluation of bioclimatic aspects of low-cost dwellings and scoring of features (designstrategies, indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency) significantly yielded a quan-titative rating of the performance of a rural built environment. Overall, this study successfully quantified theevaluation of the bioclimatic performance of low-cost coastal rural dwellings, which may be useful to develop strategies or building codes for the passive design of dwellings in the coastal, rural areas of India.
我们意识到，气候变化对环境质量、人类健康和社会福利等问题构成了重大威胁，因此必须减轻环境对人类健康的不利影响。为此，我们的必要步骤是进行生物气候分析，对生态-人类-能源友好性的定量分析。本研究通过分析生物气候成分来评估低成本沿海住宅的环境性能。通过实地调查收集到原始数据，记录了来自西孟加拉邦沿海巽他班地区（包括偏远乡村、乡村和城乡结合地区）选定该地区的 1332 名居民的感知反应。统计分析表明了每个分组的 95% 置信上限，并对每个参数分组的置信上限进行了归一化处理，统一分数为 10分。五类生物气候要素的总分四舍五入为 150 分。通过对低成本住宅的生物气候方面的综合评估，以及对各项特征（设计策略、室内环境质量、热舒适度和能源效率）进行评分，可对农村建筑环境的性能进行量化评级。总之，这项研究成功地量化了沿海农村低成本住宅的生物气候性能评估，这可能有助于为印度沿海农村地区住宅的被动式设计制定策略或建筑规范。
作者：Mahadev Bera, Pranab Kumar Nag，Sumanta Das
原文刊发：Bera M, Nag P K, Das S. Quantification of bioclimatic performance of rural coastal low-cost dwellings in the sundarbans[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(3): 0015-0015.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01030015
The study aimed to analyze women’s households’ farming practices towards household food secu-rity, particularly in six villages of the Ayeyarwaddy region. Data were collected from 126 randomized re-spondents. Descriptive analysis, Non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and stepwise regres-sion methods were applied to analyze the degree of association for extension services upon household food security. Results of the KII and FGD were used to further explain in survey. The respondents are mostly middle-aged women, married, natives of the study sites, and have achieved primary education with the averageof five family members. Their earnings from farming are below the poverty threshold of Myanmar. The ex-tension support organizations such as GOs, NGOs, INGOs, and private sectors support extension in this area and government as the primary support by providing and demonstrations.The result of food availability shows rice, fish, eggs, meats, vegetables, legumes are the usual food present in the homes of the respondents. All respondents mostly have rice, vegetables, and fish for a certain period of time in the food accessibility. When it comes to food utilization, most respondents cook their food except lime which they eat raw. In food stability,almost all respondents have enough food in their homes.Access to the extension services as to credit, market infrastructure, and transport accessibility proved to have huge effects on food security. Farm organizations also support food security. In view of all of these, the study recommended the adoption of extension strategies. These techniques are grounded on the respondents’ farming practices and extension strategies identified.
该研究旨在分析妇女为房屋拥有者的家庭，为实现家庭粮食安全而采取的耕作方式，尤其是在伊洛瓦底地区的六个村庄。研究从 126 名随机受访者中收集了数据。采用描述性分析、非参数斯皮尔曼秩相关系数和逐步回归法分析推广服务与家庭粮食安全的关联程度。KII 和 FGD 的结果用于进一步解释调查。受访者多为中年妇女，已婚，是研究地点的本地人，受过初等教育，平均有五名家庭成员。她们的农业收入低于缅甸的贫困线。前推广支持组织，如政府组织、非政府组织、国际非政府组织和私营部门支持该领域的推广工作，而政府则通过提供和示范提供主要支持。所有受访者都在一定时期内食用大米、蔬菜和鱼。在食物利用方面，除了生吃石灰外，大多数受访者都会烹饪食物。在食物稳定性方面，几乎所有受访者家中都有足够的食物。事实证明，获得推广服务、信贷、市场基础设施和交通便利对粮食安全有着巨大影响。农场组织也支持粮食安全。有鉴于此，研究建议采用推广战略。这些技术以受访者的耕作方式和所确定的推广战略为基础。
作者：Yi Mon Thu
原文刊发：Thu Y M. Extension Services and Household Food Security of Women Rice Farmers in the Delta Region of Myanmar[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(3): 0016-0016.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01030016
This comprehensive study conducted in Wayanad, Kerala, India, explores sustainable traditional farming practices in rural tribal households, with a primary goal of boosting income growth and agricultural productivity. The research delves into the intricate relationship between agricultural methods, income distri-bution, and ecological factors across household income brackets. Descriptive statistics provide a contextual understanding, while regression analysis offers insights into the relationships between Income and Agricul-tural Practices. The study assesses the impact of various traditional methods on agriculture, investigates the profitability and practices associated with organic, artificial, and mixed farming, and observes that mixed farming methods are more profitable than relying solely on natural practices, with income levels influencing the adoption of advanced farming technologies. The research explores the correlation between combining animal husbandry and agriculture in households, revealing an association with increased profit margins. Em-phasizing the importance of sustainable agricultural practices, the study shows a preference for traditional farming techniques in the low-income bracket and a shift towards artificial methods as income rises. The research offers valuable insights into income, farming practices, and sustainability in this context.
这项在印度喀拉拉邦瓦尼亚德地区的村庄开展的综合研究探讨了农村部落家庭的可持续传统耕作方法，其主要目标是促进收入增长和提高农业生产率。研究深入探讨了不同家庭收入等级的农业方法、收入分配和生态因素之间错综复杂的关系。描述性统计提供了对背景的了解，而回归分析则提供了对收入与农业实践之间关系的见解。研究评估了各种传统方法对农业的影响，调查了有机耕作、人工耕作和混合耕作的盈利能力和相关做法，并观察到混合耕作方法比单纯依靠自然做法更有利可图，收入水平影响着先进耕作技术的采用。研究探讨了家庭畜牧业和农业相结合的相关性，揭示了其与利润率提高的联系。研究强调了可持续农业实践的重要性，显示低收入阶层偏好传统农业技术，而随着收入的增加，则转向人工方法。在这种情况下，研究为收入、耕作方式和可持续性提供了宝贵的见解。
作者：Nikhil Prathapachandran，Varuvel Devadas
原文刊发：Prathapachandran N, Devadas V. Sustainable and Traditional Agricultural Practices to Reinforce Income Dynamics among Tribal Communities in Rural Wayanad, Kerala, India[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(3): 0017-0017.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01030017
Spatial analysis provides decision support for numerous public health issues such as determining locations of healthcare facilities for a given population. With limited population health data available for de-veloping countries, spatial data analysis provides limited benefit in this regard. This paper attempts to assist public health practitioners in overcoming the health information gaps common to developing countries for determining health-related demand locations. We introduce methodologies that use generally available infor-mation from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Burkina Faso, a developing country with poor health quality, is used in this paper as a case study to show how DHS data, not generally used for spatial analysis, can be used to estimate multiple area demand locations for healthcare facilities. Factors used to locate demand per administrative province included population density, proximity to major road networks, economic wealth index, birth rate, childhood stunting, and malaria rates. Major health issues in populated areas along access routes ultimately determined the estimated area demand for healthcare facility locations in this analysis.
空间分析为许多公共卫生问题提供了决策支持，如确定特定人口的医疗保健设施位置。由于发展中国家的人口健康数据有限，空间数据分析在这方面的益处有限。本文试图帮助公共卫生从业人员克服发展中国家常见的卫生信息差距，以确定与卫生相关的需求设施位置。我们介绍了利用人口与健康调查 (DHS) 中普遍可用的信息的方法。布基纳法索是一个卫生质量较差的发展中国家，本文以其为案例，说明如何利用一般不用于空间分析的人口与健康调查数据来估算医疗设施的多区域需求位置。用于确定每个行政省需求位置的因素，包括人口密度、与主要公路网的距离、经济财富指数、出生率、儿童发育迟缓率和疟疾发病率。道路沿线人口密集地区的主要健康问题，最终决定了本次分析中对医疗设施位置的区域需求估算。
作者：Brent Lloyd
原文刊发：Lloyd B. Estimating Demand for Healthcare Facilities in Rural Developing Countries[J]. Agricultural & Rural Studies, 2023, 1(3): 0018-0018.https://doi.org/10.59978/ar01030018
翻译（仅供参考）：王卓楠、王珂
编辑：张侣佳
【关于本刊】《Agricultural & Rural Studies》（ ISSN 2959-9784）现任主编为浙江省乡村振兴研究院首席专家、华中农业大学农业绿色低碳发展实验室学术委员会主任张俊飚教授。本刊聚焦于农村经济学、农业资源与环境经济学、农村社会学（重点关注乡村女性学）、农村地理学（重点关注乡村人文地理）等相关领域的基础和应用研究进展。
