宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause
I know him 简单句 I know who he is（复合句）
宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
第一讲：宾语从句的引导词
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句
由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句
一、连词（引导词）
1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略
I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. （一小时后他会回来）
He said (that) he missed us very much （他非常想念我们）
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun（地球围着太阳转）
2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略
Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .
Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .
She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .
由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句
1. I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him whether (if) he can come（他是否能来）
3. I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not（是否要下雨）
以下三个情况只能用whether引导（李老师警告要好好记）
1.当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略
Do you know what he said just now ? I don’t remember when we arrived .
I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .
Do you know what time the plane leaves ?
由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句
1. He asked __________________________. (谁能回答这个问题）
2. Do you know_________________________. （他们在等谁）
3. He asked __________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）
4.Please tell me _______________________. （我们什么时候开会）
5. Can you tell me _______________. （他在哪儿）
6. Could you tell me ______________________. （我该怎么去车站）
7. Would you tell me _________________（为什么火车迟到了）
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Ankang ?
Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?
Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?
I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .
Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?
Can you tell us how old his brother is ?
Please tell us how soon you will be ready .
练习：
1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter.
A. either B. that C. weather D. whether
2. We don't know ______ they did it .
A. how B. who C. what D. which
3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time .
A. that B. if C. when D. what time
4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
5. I wonder _______ he is crying now .
A. that B. why C. how D. when
6. Have you found out ______ we can do on Hainan Island ?
A. what B. how C. if D. whether
7. Lily said _______ she had finished her composition .
A. if B. that C. when D. where
8. I don’t know ______ he still lives here .
A. where B. what C. when D. whether
第二讲：宾语从句的时态
时态
1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
I have heard that he will come tomorrow .
2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.
He said that he had seen it .
3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .
习题：
1. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)
2. Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move) round the sun.
3. Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take)
4. Ling Feng told me he _________ to Shanghai several times. (be)
5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
6. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do)
第三讲：宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例如：Where does he live? I don’t know. = I don’t know where he lives.
判断正误：以下两个选项哪个是正确的
1. When will he go to the library?
A: His brother asks when he will go to the library .
B: His brother asks when will he go to the library .
2. What does he want to buy ?
A: I don’t know what he wants to buy .
B: I don’t know what does he want to buy .
3. Who are we going to meet ?
A: Can you tell me who we are going to meet ?
B：Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?
4. Does he know French ?
A: We want to know if/whether he knows French .
B: We want to know if/whether does he know French.
5. Will they go to Canada in summer ?
A: They’ re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer .
B: They’ re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer .
把下面两个句子合成一个宾语从句：
Did the students have a picnic last Sunday ? Do you know ?
Mr. Smith have been in China for about three years . Jim told Lin Tao .
Which book should I read first ? Please tell me .
Light travels faster than sound . Our teacher told us in yesterday’s class .
注意事项
1.could/would有时是委婉语气，不是过去式。宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ?
Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ?
Would you like to know when he will come back？
2.主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .
He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .
He asks if I like playing the piano .
You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .
如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if
Could you tell me whether that’s a fast train or not ?
Do you know whether he is right or not ?
I don’t care whether he’ll stay here or not .
习题：
1. Could you show me ________ ?
A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station
C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station
2. Please tell me _______.
A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like
3. My sister told him ________ .
A. what day was it B. when the train arrived
C. who she was waiting D. where did you live
4. Could you tell me where we _______ next week .
A. would go B. to go C. had to go D. will go
5. Could you tell me how much ________to fly to Ankang ?
A.do it cost B.does it cost C.it cost D.it costs
6. The small children don't know ______.
A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings
C.where is their stockings in D.what in their stockings
7. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
8. Could you tell me how long __________ ?
A. you have bought the watch
B. you have kept this science book
C. have you been away from China
D. have you been a member of Greener China
将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.
2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?
Do they like to make friends with us? He asked.
4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said.
5. “I will come back.” Tom said.
6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.
