条件状语从句--初二上单元10
从句是指三大句型（简单句、并列句、复合句）当中的（主从）复合句。
状语（初中阶段）指副词放在动词前后用来修饰动作的程度，或副词放在句首句中句尾用来修饰整个句子。
状语从句是指：状语部分不再是一个单词或短语，而是一个完整的句子来充当状语部分，那这个句子就叫做状语从句。
条件状语从句是指：在主从复合句中，其从句的引导词是由if（如果）、unless（除非/如果不）、as long as（只要）这种表示如果、要是、除非等意思的连词充当时，那整个大句子就叫做条件状语从句。
同理：原因状语从句是指：从句引导词是由because、so 等表示原因的连词充当
地点状语从句指，由when引导
状语从句是属于复合句的一种。其结构是由“句子A+从属连词+句子B”构成，其中从属连词后面跟的句子叫从句，另一个句子叫主句，所以复合句全称也叫“主从复合句”从句永远是用来服务于主句的，对主句起补充修饰说明作用。
如：I will be the top student if I put all my heart into study。if引导的句子做从句用来修饰前面主句，因为if意思是如果用来提条件的，所以就叫做条件状语从句。这句话也可以写If I put all my heart into study，I will be the top student
无论条件句在前还是在后，引导词链接的句子永远是从句。
条件状语从句考点：
1：主将从现（和一般将来时的搭配应用）。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时
I will be very busy if I am a teacher
I will buy you a gift if you treat me well
2：主情从现：主句用情态动词，从句用一般现在时
We can go to the zoo if our father come back on time
You can catch the early bus if you are in hurry
3：主祈从现：主句用祈使句，从句用一般现在
Call me immediately if you come back
Don’t make any noisy as long as the baby is sleeping
注意：在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时。
注意：在when（当…时候）, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。
如： I will call you when I reach Ankang. 我一到安康就给你打电话。
语法重点：if 引导的条件状语从句:真实条件句：叙述真实可能发生的事情
例：If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。
if you turn to Mr.Li，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
1、用if引导：if意为“如果”。
2、unless引导与 if not 相近：unless = if……not. 除非，如果不
例句：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.我们出去散步吧，除非你太累了。
例句：If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.如果你不太累，我们出去散步吧。
例句：Unless you go at once you will be late.如果你不马上走，就会迟到的。
3、用as [so] long as引导：as [so] long as的意思是“如果”“只要”。
例：I’ll remember that day as long as I live.只要我活着，我就不会忘记那个日子。
例句：I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. But if it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
八下状语从句（初二全年语法重点）:
八下状语从句（初二下教材P113）:
一个完整的句子修饰主句中的动词、形容词/副词或这个大句子等，充当状语的成分。起副词作用的句子（故也叫副词性从句）。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可由词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用隔开。
从句是指：主从复合句（简单句/并列句/复合句）：由简单句A+从属连词+简单句B构成，其中由从属连词连接的句子叫从句，另一个句子叫主句，从句永远是用来服务于主句的，对主句起修饰作用，当从句是对主句动作发生的时间进行说明时，则为时间状语从句；对原因进行解释则为原因状语从句。
如：she was watching TV at nine yesterday （简单句，at nine yesterday为时间状语）
she was watching TV when I called her
（主从复合句，when引导的从句为时间状语从句对主句发生时间进行说明）
We can’t go outside because of the rain 由于下雨我们不能出门 （简单句）
We can’t go outside because it rains heavily 由于下暴雨，我们不能出门
（主从复合句，because 引导的句子对主句的动作的原因进行说明，所以叫原因状语从句）
一：时间状语从句
在时间状语从句中，由状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间。
要点：时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when（在…时）, as（当…时）, while（在…期间）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自从...以来）, not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…时）等。特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second,the day,every time，no sooner… than（一...就...）, hardly…when（一...就...）, as soon as(一…就…)。
在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句主要用一般现在时。
当含有否定意义的连接词如：no sooner…than，hardly…when作为引导词且位于句首时，从句要部分（半）倒装。
No sooner did I go to the park，than I saw him waiting for me
Hardly had we started when it began to rain.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 我一到家就开始下雨了。
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每当我听取你的建议时，我就会惹上麻烦。
二：原因状语从句
由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由 now that 等词引导。特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
难点——because , since , as , for,辨析
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。切记，because引导的原因状语从句中不可出现so
I didn’t go because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for连接的并列句只能放在在主句后。
As the weather is cold, I stay at home.== I stay at home for the weather is cold
注意：for 引导的是一个并列句，不属于原因状语从句的范畴，只是可以表原因而已。
三：条件状语从句
要点：条件状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) as long as或in case/on condition (that) 引导。
常用引导词：if, unless,whether(whether...or not) 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, in case（美语中表条件，英语中表目的）,
We’ll start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
提示：条件状语从句要注意时态的使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.即所谓主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现。
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow. They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
四：比较状语从句
要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。
原级
1. as…as 和...一样 Jack is as tall as Bob.
2. not so(as)…as …和不一样 She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
比较级
more…than (更) This book is more instructive than that one. 这本书比那本书有教育意义。
最高级
1.The most…in/of This book is the most interesting of the three. 这本书是三本中最有趣的。
2.the + 形容词+est…of/in This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
3.one of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级) Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
知识扩展
no more than只不过(嫌少的意思) 1.I have no more than two pens. 2.It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
not more than不如...；(前者不如后者) 1.Lucy is not more diligent than John.
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the 比较级 ,the 比较级. the more … the more …（越来...越...） A is to B what/as X is to Y;
She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Oil is to machine what food is to men.
五：结果状语从句
结果状语从句由连词( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
1. so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited. 科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。
2. such…that 如此...以至于...
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
3.比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词.so还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或表少时)连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school==He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
难点
so that ,such…that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句，
当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等词。
so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n.
such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数单数,则必须在名词前加冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1.there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any. 2.It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
3.Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him. 4.The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
六：目的状语从句:
目的状语从句常由so that（为了；以便），in order that(为了)等引导，放在主句之后，从句中常用can，could，may，might等情态动词。in order that引导的从句可以放在主句前。so that引导的目的状语从句可转换成不定式短语。
He got up very early this morning in order that he could catch up with the early bus. 为了赶上早班车，他今天早晨起得很早。
We study hard so that we can go to college. 我们努力学习以便能考上大学。
七：让步状语从句
要点: 表示让步的状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though，no matter+特殊疑问词
although, though 辨析 引导的让步状语从句，句中切记不可出现but
although 不能如though 那样用作副词, 放在句首表示强调时要用even though.
1.He is looking fit, though. 2.Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 3.He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
典型例题
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
2) as, though 引导的倒装句
3) ever if, even though. 即使 We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.==Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever 无论什么 no matter who = whoever 无论谁 no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
八：方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由 as/as if/as though引导。
as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。在感官动词look see feel smell taste hear 后多用真实语气汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：（初高中英语李老师：15191416900 （同微）
1.They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
2.2.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
3.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
1.He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 2.He cleared his throat as if to say something.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入国问禁，入乡随俗.
She behaved as if she were the boss. 她表现得好像她是老板。
九：地点状语从句
地点状语从句 Adverbial clauses of place表示地点、方位，引导词：where/wherever等引导。可置于句首、句中或句尾。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者， 事竟成 We must camp where we can get water.
（初高中英语李老师：15191416900 （同微）
一、用适当的连词填空：
1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _____ he was fifty. 2. He began to work _______ he got there.
3. Let's begin our meeting _____everyone is here. 4. I like the English people, _____ I don't like their food.
5. ____ you go in China, you can see smiling faces. 6. He didn't come to the meeting, ______ he was very busy.
7. _____we had enough time, we walked to the cinema. 8. They will help you ____ you meet with difficulty.
9. ____ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.
10.I didn't join them yesterday evening _____ I had to go to an important meeting.
二、单项选择：尽量读题，讲为什么选它 这是什么从句 你的思路是什么 时间状语从句注意看时态
（ ）1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes back. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although
（ ）2. She will sing a song ____ she is asked. A. if B. unless C. for D. since
（ ）3. We will work ____ we are needed. A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever
（ ）4. Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you. A. so that B. if C. when D. although
（ ）5. _____ you go, don't forget your people. 让步状语从句 wherever==no matter where
A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever（初高中英语李老师：15191416900 （同微）
（ ）6. It is about ten years _____ I met you last. A. since B. for C. when D. as
（ ）7. . _____ she was very tired, she went on working. A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of
（ ）8. _____ he was busy , he tried his best to help you. A. Though B. when C. since D. for
（ ）9. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school. A. though B. although C. as if D. when
（ ）10. She was ___ tired ___ she could not move an inch. A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as
（ ）11. I'll stay here _____ everyone else comes back. A. even if B. as though C. because D. until
（ ）12 Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better. A. since B. so that C. for D. because
（ ）13. You'll miss the train ______ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until
（ ）14. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting dark. A. and B. but C. as D. unless
（ ）15. I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
