语法项目表（2022年版）
一、词类
（一）名词
1.可数名词及其单、复数
2.不可数名词
3.专有名词
4.名词所有格
（二）动词
1.动词的基本形式
2.及物动词和不及物动词
3.系动词
4.助动词
5.情态动词
（三）形容词
1.形容词的基本形式
2.形容词的比较级和最高级
（四）副词
1.副词的基本形式
2.副词的比较级和最高级
（五）代词
1.人称代词
2.物主代词
3.反身代词
4.指示代词
5.不定代词
6.疑问代词
（六）数词
1.基数词
2.序数词
（七）介词
（八）连词
（九）冠词
+ （十）感叹词
二、构词法
（一）合成法
（二）派生法
（三）转化法
+ （四）缩写和简写
三、句法
（一）句子种类
1.陈述句
2.疑问句
（1）一般疑问句
（2）特殊疑问句
（3）选择疑问句
3.祈使句
4.感叹句
（二）简单句的基本句型
1.主谓（主语+动词，下同）（SV）
The bus is coming.
2.主（系）表（SP）
Amy is helpful.
3.主谓宾（SVO）
John opened the door.
4.主谓宾宾（SVOO）
Grandpa bought me a new dictionary
5.主谓宾补（SVOC）
Most students have found online learning necessary.
6.存现句
There is a tree behind the shop.
（三）谓语动词的时态
1.一般现在时
2.一般过去时
3.一般将来时
4.现在进行时
5.过去进行时
6.现在完成时
（四）被动语态
1.一般现在时的被动语态
2.一般过去时的被动语态
3.一般将来时的被动语态
（五）动词的非谓语形式
1.动词不定式（作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）
+2.动词的-ing形式
+3.动词的-ed形式
（六）并列复合句
（七）主从复合句
1.宾语从句
2.状语从句
3.关系从句（亦称“定语从句"，能辨认出由关系代词that、 which, who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句意）
+ （八）主谓一致
说明：本语法项目表中标有“ + ”的条目为仅作理解要求的三级语法项目。
初中语法知识点
Grade 7 上 | Unit 1 My name’s Gina | l 一般现在时to be l what question 特殊疑问句 l yes/no 一般疑问句与回答 l 物主形容词possessive adj. my, your, his, her |
Unit 2 This is my sister | l 指示代词 demonstrative pronouns – this, these, that, those l who question l 人称代词 subject pronouns – I, he, she, they l 名词复数 plural nouns | |
Unit 3 Is this your pencil? | l Possessive pronouns 物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers l yes/no 一般疑问句与回答 | |
Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag? | l Where question l Prepositions 介词 on, in, under l Conjunction 连词 and | |
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? | l Present tense 一般现在时 to have l Adj. of quality 质量的形容词 l Conj. 连词but l Affirmative & negative statements 肯定&否定句 | |
Unit 6 Do you like bananas? | l Present tense 一般现在时 to have l Countable/uncountable nouns 可数&不可数名词 l Affirmative & negative statements 肯定&否定句 | |
Unit 7 How much are these socks? | l How much 疑问句 | |
Unit 8 When is your birthday? | l When 疑问句 l Possessive 所有格 ‘s | |
Unit 9 My favorite subject is science | l What, why, when, who 疑问句 | |
Grade 7 下 | Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? | l Modal verb情态动词can l what 疑问句 |
Unit 2 What time do you go to school? | l What time疑问句 l When疑问句 l Adverbs of frequency 频率副词 always, often, usually, never 等 | |
Unit 3 How do you get to school? | l How, how long, how far疑问句 | |
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class | l Imperatives 祈使句Don’t l Can for permission 允许 l modal verb 情态动词have to, must | |
Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? | l Why, what, where 疑问句 where are koalas from? l Because… l Adj. of quality 质量的形容词 | |
Unit 6 I’m watching TV | l Present progressive tense 现在进行时 l What 疑问句 what are you doing? | |
Unit 7 It’s raining! | l Present progressive tense 现在进行时 l How提问 how is it going? How is the weather? l What 提问 what are they doing? | |
Unit 8 is there a post office over here? | l There be 结构 l Where疑问句 l 方位介词prepositions of place：in front of, on your left… | |
Unit 9 What does he look like? | l What疑问句what does he look like? l Adjectives of description 描述外表形容词 straight, tall, thin, heavy, round, handsome等 l Alternative questions 选择疑问句 is he tall or short? | |
Unit 10 I’d like some noodles | l Would like l What 疑问句 what size would you like? l Some/any | |
Unit 11 How was your school trip? | l Simple past tense 一般过去时 l How 疑问句 How was your school trip? l Adj. of description 描述性形容词 excellent, interesting, terrible等 | |
Unit 12 What did you do last weekend? | l Simple past tense 一般过去时 l What 疑问句What did you play with? l How 疑问句 how was your weekend? | |
Grade 8 上 | Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? | l Indefinite pronouns 不定代词 l Simple past tense of regular & irregular verbs 及物&不及物动词一般过去时 |
Unit 2 How often do you exercise? | l How often…?疑问句 l Adv. of frequency 频率副词 sometimes, usually, often, never, once a month | |
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. | l 比较级Comparatives with –(i)er & more l both & as…as… | |
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater? | l 最高级Superlatives with – (i)est & the most l 不规则变化：good-better-best; bad-worse-worst | |
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? | l Infinitives used as objects 不定式 to do | |
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science | l 一般将来时Future with be going to l want to be | |
Unit 7 Will people have robots? | l 一般将来时Future with will l want to be | |
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? | l Imperatives 祈使句 l How much/how many 疑问句 l Countable/uncountable nouns l Adverbs of sequence: first, nest, then, finally | |
Unit 9 Can you come to my party? | l Can for invitations l 情态动词Modal verb might | |
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! | l First conditional 第一／真实条件句if + will l 情态动词Modal verb should | |
Grade 8 下 | Unit 1 What’s the matter? | l Modal verbs should/shouldn’t for suggestions l Reflexive pronouns 反身代词 myself, yourself, themselves, yourselves |
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks | l Infinitives as object, adverbial and object complement 不定式宾语，状语和宾语不足语 l Modal verb could for suggestions l Phrasal verbs 动词短语 | |
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? | l Could for polite requests l Could for permission | |
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? | l Why don’t you…? l Conjunctions until, so that and although | |
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? | l Conjunctions when and while l Questions and statements with the past progressive tense过去进行时 | |
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains | l Conjunctions unless, as soon as and so…that | |
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? | l Large numbers l Comparatives and superlatives with adj. & adv. 比较急，最高级 | |
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? | l Present perfect tense with already & yet | |
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? | l Present perfect tense with been, ever & never | |
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for 3 years | l Present perfect tense with since & for | |
Grade 9 | Unit 1 How can we become good learners? | l Verb + by with gerund 动词+by doing sth. 动名词，通过… |
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! | l Objective clause with that, if and whether宾语从句 l Exclamatory statement 感叹句how & what | |
Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? | l Objective clauses with wh- questions wh-引导宾语从句 | |
Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark | l Used to 过去常常 | |
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of? | l Passive voice (present tense) 被动语态一般现在时 | |
Unit 6 When was it invented? | l Passive voice (past tense) 被动语态一般过去时 | |
Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes | l Should + be allowed to do sth. | |
Unit 8 It must belong to Carla | l Must, might, could & can’t making inferences做推断 | |
Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to | l Relative clauses with that, who and which 关系从句 | |
Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands | l Supposed to + infinitive 不定式 l Expected to + infinitive 不定式 l It is + adj. + infinitive | |
Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry | l Make + sb. + infinitive without to l Make + sb. + adj. | |
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected | l Past perfect tense 过去完成式 | |
Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! | l Review | |
Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7 | l Review |
