人教版初二英语上册单元3
Unit 3 I am more outgoing than my sister
知识目标：形容词的比较级、最高级的构成
能力目标：can use Comparatives to talk and compare about personal traits and features
情感目标：
学生能说，老师坚决不说，学生说错或不全，老师补充或引导纠正，学生不会说，老师教导
一：Warm up
1.Greetings：
hello boys and girls，nice to see you how are you today？You feel happy？
2.revision:
at the very beginning of our class，Let’s have a revision of what we have learnt about how to describe persons last semester，do you have any impression？ OK let me remind you of some sentences:she has big and round face .Yes you are right we can use some adjectives 什么是adjectives呢？形容词
形容词用来描述和修饰名词、代词等，说明事物的性质、特征的，形容词在句中可以作定语、表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语和状语等。那么怎么用形容词来进行描述呢？For example：Mr.Li is very handsome，he is very friendly，Mr.Li is very kind，哇，那个同学好开心，the boy is very happy这里的形容词有哪些呢？它们分别做什么成份？对吧
3.Presentation:
今年我们初二啦，升级了，要讲点高难度的东西了Before our class，I would like to invite two students come to the blackboard，Let’s do some comparison ：“Which student is taller, S1 or S2? who is heavier？等，we can say like this：“S1 is taller than S2. S2 is shorter than S1.”Today we'll learn how to compare students or subjects.”
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级（原型）、比较级（er）和最高级（est）三个级别，用来表示事物的等级差别。
①原级，即形容词原形，表示双方程度相同或不同。
②比较级，表示“较……更……一些”的意思。
③最高级，表示“最……”的意思。
原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
比较级最高级单词形态的变化：规则的见课本p114
一：规则的变化
(1)单音节词再词尾后-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
Tall taller tallest great greater greatest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st
nice nicer nicest large larger largest
(3)重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est
big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest
(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est
Easy easier easiest busy busier busiest
(5)三音节和多音节词在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。
Important、more important、most important； easily、 more easily、 most easily
(6)以ly结尾的副词，除early-earlier-earliest，其他都是加more most.
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly Bravely-more bravely-most bravely
二：（不规则变化）：一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。如：
good / well→better→best bad / ill/badly→worse→worst
many / much→more→most little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离) far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
4.Consolidation:
请同学们翻开课本单词表从第一单元开始找形容词，然后根据以上规则进行变化
第二课时
知识目标：形容词的比较级、最高级的构成及其应用
能力目标：can use Comparatives to talk and compare about personal traits and features
1：greetings
Hello my dear students，welcome back to our class we have learnt the comparative and superlative levels of adjectives，in this class we are going to learn how to use it to compare about
persons traits
形容词的三级用法：
1.形容词原级的用法：（not）so/as...as...的用法
1.表示A与B在某一个方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。
(1)肯定句中的结构：A…+as+形容词原级+as +B。
如：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。
Mr.Li is as handsome as WuYiFan 李老师和吴亦凡一样帅
插入课堂练习：S1的衣服和S2的一样好看 S1的书和S2的书一样便宜
(2)否定句中的结构：A___not+ as/so+形容词原级+as +B。
如：This book isn't as new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。
I am not so careful as Lucy. 我没有露西仔细。
August is not as handsome as Mr.Li 蔡徐坤没有李老师帅
插入课堂练习：S1的衣服没有S2的好看 S1的书没有S2的书便宜
(3)疑问句的句式结构是：Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+ as+ B？
如：Is English as important as maths？ 英语和数学一样重要吗？
Are they as friendly as you? 他们和你们一样友好吗？
2.表示“A是B的…倍”时，用“A_+倍数+ as+形容词原级+as +B”结构。
（一倍：once， 两倍：twice，三倍以上：数字+times）
如：Mr.Li is twice as handsome as Justin 李老师比Justin帅两倍。
Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的3倍大。
2.形容词比较级的用法：用于两者之间进行比较
1.两者比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A+比较级 + than B”
如：Actions speak louder than words. Lily's room is bigger than mine.
This moon cake is nicer than that one. He writes more carefully than she.
当用“A+比较级+than+B”时要注意
（1）.为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one，that，those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。 其中the one替代可数名词单数形式，the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式，that替代不可数名词。
（2).Than后面是一个省略了成分的比较状语从句，如果是代词须用主格。
2.表示“两者之间最…的一个”时，用“the + 比较级+表示范围的介词of”。
如：Lucy is the taller of the twins. He runs faster than she
与比较级相关句型与习语:
1.表示“越……，越……”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。
如：The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
The more you try，the better you will be.
The harder he tried, the more progress he will make他越努力尝试，进步就越大。
2.表示“越来越…”时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”，
He ran faster and faster． Our China will be stronger and stronger
3.多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。
如：We should make our country more and more beautiful.
Mr.Li is becoming more and more handsome。
3.形容词最高级的用法：用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较
形容词最高级的用法
1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级。
形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，句末常跟in/of／among短语及定语从句来表示范围。
如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。
He is the strongest of the three boys. 他是3个男孩中最强壮的一个。
Jack is the fattest among us. 我们当中杰克最胖。
Mr.Li is the most handsome man in the class
注意：如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
2.表示“最......的......之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。
如：China is one of the largest countries in the world中国是世界上最大的国家之一。
Mr.Li is one of the most handsome man in the world
3.表示最高程度的形容词如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
如：He is an excellent teacher 他是一位极优秀的教师。
4.形容词的最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。
如： He is the youngest( boy) in his class 他是班上年龄最小的。
5.在三或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is the+最高级，A，B or C？”结构。
如：Which man is the most handsome, Mr.Li, August or Lucas?
谁最帅？李老师，蔡徐坤还是Lucas？
含形容词的常用句型小结构
一：1.“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。
常用于这一句型的形容词有good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite（有礼貌的），clever（聪明的），foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懒惰的），careful（细心的），careless（粗心的），right（正确的），wrong(错误的)等。
如：It's kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。It's nice of you to say so.你这样说太好了。
2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”或“It is+adj.+that从句”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult（困难的），easy（容易的），hard（艰难的），dangerous（危险的），safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pleasant（舒适的），interesting（有趣的）， impossible（不可能的）等。
如： It is not easy for Jim to learn Chinese 对吉姆来说学习汉语很难。
It's necessary that we make it clear. 我们弄清楚这件事很有必要的。
3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad（高兴的），please（高兴的），sorry（遗憾的、抱歉的），sad（忧伤的），thankful（欣慰的）等常接不定式。
如：I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。 I'm sorry to hear that．听到那个消息我很难过。
4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。
如：Mr.Li is always ready to help others 李老师总是乐于帮助别人。
Are you able to come tomorrow? 明天你能来吗？
二：ing/ed结尾的形容词辨析
-ing形容词：表示主动意表示被动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。
如：We are all interested in the interesting story．
-ed形容词：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。
如：This is a surprising news.I am surprised at the news.
此类形容词有：
surprising今人惊讶的----Surprised感到惊讶的 Interesting有趣的----Interested 感兴趣的
I have an interesting hook./He is interested in science.
exciting令人兴奋的----Excited感到兴奋的
Have you heard of the exciting news?/We are excited about the traveling.
Pleasing令人愉快的---- Pleased感到愉快、满意的
This is a pleasing trip./This teacher is pleasing with our performance.
Frightening令人恐惧----Frightened感到恐惧的
This is a frightening story./We are frightened of the ghost.
Moving令人感动的----Moved受感动的
Titanic is a moving film./We are moved by Mr.Li deeply.
Tiring使人疲倦的----Tired感到疲倦的
This speech is very tiring./Are you tired of it?
Homework：
根据表格中的信息，写一篇短文介绍你和你的好朋友蒂娜的相同和不同之处。70个词。
本文是一篇比较级性的文章，要求运用比较级介绍两人的不同点（如：Tina is taller than me.）以及短语介绍两人的相同点（如：We both like playing sports.）
人教版初二英语上册单元3单元重点
短语用法：
1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事
3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样… 4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事
6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. to do sth..注意for 和of 的区别，用for时是对谁谁谁而言，用of时是描述人的性情品行性格等 如：It is good for you to do that和It is kind of you to do that
词语辨析：
1. laugh v. n. 不及物动词和名次，笑
做动词：We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。
（与at连用）嘲笑 Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
做名词：笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。
2. though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管=although，引导让步状语从句
做连词：Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
though引导的让步状语从句后不能用but，如Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）
做副词：though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.
(一) 重点句型
1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.
萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。
Both的用法
(1)表示“两者都”，both的位置放在系动词的后面，实意动词的前面。
(2) both…and…表示“两者都”，在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等
如： Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语)
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)
【考例】My parents ________ doctors. A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both
拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，
every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，
each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。
2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。
as...as意为“与……一样……”，as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。
其否定结构not as/so...as“不如…”，This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
如：He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸一样高。Tom gets up as early as Jim.
注意：(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。
(2)若有修饰成分，如twice, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。
如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。
(1) win此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”；
win还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在…中获胜”，其后宾语为奖品或战争等。
如：He won the first prize. Who won the race？
辨析：win与beat
win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。
如：We won the basketball game.
beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。
如：Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
(2) though此处副词，意为“不过；然而”，常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。
如：Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.
拓展：though作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。此处同单元2
如：Though he has no money, he lives very happily.
注意：although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。
Though he has no money, he lives very happily.==He has no money, but he lives very happily.
4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
(1) the most important意为“最重要的”，是important的最高级形式。
important的比较级为more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词the。
如：I think English is the most important of all the subjects.
The most important thing is to work hard.
(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴”。如：It’s a good place to have fun.
拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。如：Did you have fun visiting that country？
5. ...truly cares about me...
care about 关心，在意 take care当心 take care of 照顾
6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。
(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”
如：His father always makes him get up before five o’clock.
拓展：make的用法：
① make加名词 make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱
② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到…；使…处于某种状态
如：The soft music makes Tina sleepy. The medicine makes him sleepy
③ make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为… 如：The party made her a good teacher.
④ make sb./sth.+过去分词 让某人被…如：I made myself understood by all the students.
Leslie老师提示 过去分词是初三开始接触的非常重要的一种非谓语动词
⑤ make sb./sth.+do sth. 使某人做某事（省略to) 如：Wars make the peace go away.
注意：当make用于被动语态时（语态：中考常用考点之一，可理解为“被字句”），必须把省略了的不定式符号to还原.
如：We were made to work all night. I was made to repeat the story.
辨析：laugh与smile
①Laugh表示“出声地(大)笑”，有面部表情和声音。laugh at...意为“嘲笑…；因…而发笑”。 如： Don’t laugh when you have a meal.
②smile一般表示“无声地微笑”，指的是面部表情。smile at...意为“向…微笑”。
如：He smiled at me.
7.Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too. talented为形容词，意为“有才能的，有才干的”，其比较级形式为more talented。be talented in为固定搭配“在…方面有天赋”。
如：She is a talented musician. The boy is talented in dancing. 这男孩有舞蹈天赋。
8.I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。
serious为形容词，意为“严肃的；稳重的”。如：My math teacher is very serious in class.
拓展：① nothing serious意为“没有什么严重的”。
② be serious about... “对…认真”。 如：Is she serious about giving up her job？
9. That’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class.
That’s why...意为“那就是…的原因”，why引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。
如：That’s why I don’t want to leave here. I got up late, and that’s why I missed the bus.
10. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不容易。
“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是…的”。
结构中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，necessary，possible等。
如：It’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.
It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.
11.But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
但是我认为朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。
As long as“只要；既然”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来含意。
如：You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.
You will get good grades as long as you work hard.
12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.
bring out意为“使显现；使表现出”。
如：I want to bring out the meaning of the word。我想阐述以下这个字的意义
拓展：① bring out还意为“出版；生产”。 如：The company is bringing out a new sports car.
② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来，
如：Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.
13. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.
我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。
if连词，“是否”，引导宾语从句，常用ask，know，wonder，find out等动词(短语)之后。
如：I don’t know if he is at home. He asks me if I like music.
14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物”，reach此处作不及物动词，意为“伸手”。
如：He reaches for the box, but he is too short.
拓展：reach作及物动词，意为“到达；抵达”。 E.g. When will you reach Beijing？
辨析：reach, get to与arrive
① reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。 E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday.
② get to后接地点名词，如果接there，here或home等地点副词，to必须省略。
如：How did you get to the station？
③ arrive为不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词at或in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用in，到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there，here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。
如：I arrived at the company three hours ago. They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.
(2) touch及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。
如：The sad story touched us. He touched his son’s head lightly.
