牛津大学为弱势背景学生设立全新预科计划（附2022本科录取报告重点摘要）

近日，牛津大学推出了一个创新的公平招生项目——“创星预科计划”，以帮助来自弱势背景的学生提高学术水平，并成功申请到牛津。

该‍计划是牛津大学继续推动本科群体多元化措施的一部分，由一位匿名捐赠者提供全部资金。计划为积极进取的学生提供机会，通过为期一年兼具支持性和挑战性的学术课程来发挥他们的学术潜力，旨在发展他们的学术技能、自我信念和信心。

目前该计划开放对象为所有具有巨大学术潜力的英国公立学校学生，特别是那些因为严重的个人逆境或教育被中断，而损害了他们申请牛津大学本科学位机会的学生。

‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍“创星预科计划”每年将为多达50名学生提供全额资助，包括所有参与学生的学费、住宿费及生活费。这笔资金由大学的一位长期捐赠者的大额捐赠支持。

这一计划的启动恰逢牛津大学发布2021-22年年度招生统计报告，表明牛津大学在为目前大学内代表性不足的学生提供更多机会方面继续取得进展。

牛津大学校长路易丝·理查森教授说：“我们很高兴宣布启动‘创星预科计划’，这将对那些经历严重逆境的最聪明的学生产生变革性影响。该计划将使我们能够加快我们在扩大本科生社会经济背景多元化上所取得的进展，这在我们的年度招生报告中已有所体现。我非常感谢这位慷慨的捐赠者，他与我们一样有对教育力量的信仰，和对发现及培养人才的承诺。”

欢迎观看下方对参与预科计划试点的学生的采访。

The programme, part of Oxford’s continuing drive to diversify the undergraduate body and wholly funded by an anonymous donor, gives motivated students the chance to reach their academic potential through a supportive and challenging one-year academic course, aimed at developing their academic skills, self-belief and confidence. 

For now, the scheme is open to all UK state school pupils with significant academic potential, but who have experienced severe personal disadvantage or a disrupted education which has damaged their ability to apply for an Oxford undergraduate place. 

The Astrophoria Foundation Year will offer places for up to 50 students each year and is fully funded, covering tuition fees and the cost of accommodation and living expenses for all participating students. The funding is supported by a major gift from a longstanding University donor.

This launch coincides with the release of Oxford University’s Annual Admissions Statistical Report for 2022, demonstrating the University’s continued progress towards greater access for students from backgrounds currently under-represented at Oxford.

The Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, Professor Louise Richardson, said: ‘We are delighted to announce the launch of the Astrophoria Foundation Year, which will have a transformative impact on the lives of the smartest students who have experienced grave disadvantage. The programme will enable us to accelerate the progress we have made, as demonstrated in our annual admissions report, in broadening the socio-economic backgrounds of our undergraduate students. I am deeply grateful to the generous donor who shares our belief in the power of education and our commitment to identifying and nurturing talent.’ (Please watch the interviews below with students who participated in the pilot.)

学生将学习四个预科课程中的一个，即人文科学（古典学、历史、英语和神学）；化学、工程和材料科学；哲学、政治和经济学（PPE）或法律。牛津大学有十所书院在首年参加了这项新计划，包括埃克塞特书院、耶稣书院、凯布尔书院、玛格丽特夫人书院、曼斯菲尔德书院、萨默维尔书院、圣安妮书院、圣休斯书院、三一书院和瓦德姆书院。“创星预科计划”是建立在玛格丽特夫人书院自2016年以来开创的试点预科计划模式的基础上。

在这一年结束时，学生有望培养出学术技能和信心，以应对要求严格的本科学位的挑战。如果他们完成了这一年的学习，并达到了要求的成绩，学生将升入牛津大学的本科课程，而不需要重新申请。或者，他们将被授予国家认可的高等教育证书（CertHE），并在申请其他大学的本科学位时得到支持。

新计划现在已经在UCAS网站上线。学生将能够从2022年9月6日开始提交申请，所有申请人必须在2023年1月25日前完成UCAS申请。第一批成功的学生将于2023年10月被录取。

近日发布的《2022年年度招生统计报告》显示，过去几年中，牛津大学在本科生群体多元化方面取得了长足进展。报告的数据显示，2021年，牛津大学21%的新生来自弱势、代表性不足的背景。这比四年前的13%有所上升，并且正在接近大学25%的目标。2021年的招生数据还显示，68%的学生来自公立学校，这保持了前一年的大幅增长。大学在英国本土招收的本科生中，来自黑人和少数族裔（BME）的比例继续增加，在过去五年中从18%上升到25%。

Students will study one of four foundation courses; Humanities (Classics, History, English and Theology); Chemistry, Engineering and Materials Science; Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) or Law. Ten Oxford colleges are taking part in the first year of the new initiative: Exeter, Jesus, Keble, Lady Margaret Hall (LMH), Mansfield, Somerville, St Anne’s, St Hugh’s, Trinity, and Wadham. The Astrophoria Foundation Year builds on the model of a pilot foundation year programme pioneered by LMH since 2016. 

By the end of the year, students are expected to have developed the academic skills and confidence to meet the challenges of a demanding undergraduate degree. On condition that they complete the year to the required level, students will progress onto an undergraduate degree at the University of Oxford without the need to re-apply. Alternatively, they will be awarded a nationally recognised Certificate in Higher Education (CertHE) and will be supported making applications to other undergraduate degrees elsewhere.

The new scheme is now available via the UCAS website. Students will be able to submit their applications from 6 September 2022 and all applicants must apply via UCAS by 25 January 2023. The first cohort of successful students will be admitted in October 2023. 

The Annual Admissions Statistical Report 2022, released today, shows the progress the University has made over the past few years in diversifying its undergraduate student body. Figures today show that 21 per cent of Oxford’s intake in 2021 came from disadvantaged, underrepresented backgrounds. This has risen from 13 per cent four years ago and is approaching the University’s target of 25%. The figures for the 2021 intake also show 68% came from state schools, retaining the large increase achieved in the previous year. The University has continued its progress in the proportion of UK undergraduates identifying as Black and Minority Ethnic (BME), rising from 18% to 25% over the past five years.

附2022牛津招生报告十大重点摘要 

一、录取人数减少近400，回归疫情前

- 牛津大学2021年本科录取的学生人数恢复到了正常水平。在COVID-19疫情第一年，因为A-levels和其他考试评估做出的特殊安排，2020年的招生人数高于正常水平。

- 牛津大学本科的总体申请人数保持逐年上升，自2017年以来上升了22.0%。 

Top 10 highlights of the 2022 Oxford Annual Admissions Statistical Report

1. The number of students admitted was back to the usual level, dropped by almost 400

- The number of students admitted in 2021 was back to the usual level. The intake in  2020 was higher than normal following the exceptional arrangements for awarding  A-levels and other qualifications in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

- Overall application numbers have risen annually, and by 22.0% since 2017.  

- 2019-2021年，前十位申请录取比例最低的专业为（仅包括英国本土申请数据）：计算机科学、经济与管理、数学和计算机、医学、生物医学科学、数学、哲学政治经济（PPE）、历史和政治、物理以及法律。

- 其中，计算机科学专业的录取率从2018-2020的1:16.1，下降到1:18.6，成为过去三年牛津大学竞争最激烈的本科专业。长期以来一直是牛津最难进本科的赛德商学院的经济与管理专业的录取率，也从2018-2020的1:16.9，下降到了1:18.1。

2. Computer Science overtook Economics and Management as the most competitive undergraduate course

- For 2019-2021, the top ten courses with the highest number of applicants per place (all domiciles) are Computer Science, Economics and Management, Mathematics & Computer Science, Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Mathematics, Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE), History and Politics, Physics, and Law.

- In particular, the number of applicants per place for Computer Science has risen from 16.1 in 2018-2020 to 18.6, making it the most competitive undergraduate course at Oxford over the past three years. The number of applicants per place for Economics and Management at Saïd Business School, which has long been Oxford's most competitive undergraduate programme, has also risen from 16.9 in 2018-2020 to 1:18.1.

三、近70%的录取学生获得了三个A*

- 虽然三个A是牛津大学为提交A-levels成绩的考生提供的最低申请标准，但许多课程——特别是科学专业——要求至少有一个A*。

- 超过77%的申请人和近95%的被录取学生在A-level考试中获得A*AA或更高的成绩。

- 68.1%的被录取学生在A-level考试中取得了三个A*或更高的成绩。而在2020年的报告中，获得三个A*的录取学生比例仅为58.4%。

3. Nearly 70% of admitted students achieved three A* or better

- While three A grades is Oxford’s minimum standard offer for candidates taking A-levels,  many courses – particularly in the sciences – require at least one A* grade. 

- More than 77% of applicants and almost 95% of admitted students were awarded  A*AA or better at A-level. 

- 68.1% of admitted students achieved three A* grades or better at A-level. In comparison, only 58.4% of the admitted students achieved three A* grades or better.

四、录取国别：英国上升、欧盟下降、中国海外第一 

- 来自英国学生和非欧盟学生的申请有所上升，而来自欧盟学生的申请有所下降。

- 与来自英国以外的学生相比，在英国定居的申请人更有可能获得牛津大学的录取。

- 被录取的学生中，来自英国的比例已上升到81.6%。

- 牛津大学不对录取的学生的国籍或定居地实行配额或目标。医学是个例外，政府对每年可录取的具有国际收费身份的学生人数有限制。

- 海外申请和录取的学生中，来自中华人民共和国的人数最多。

4. Breakdown by Domicile: UK students increased while EU students dropped, and China contributed the highest number of overseas students

- Applications from UK students and non-EU students have risen, and applications from  EU students have fallen. 

- UK-domiciled applicants are substantially more likely to receive an offer of a place to study at Oxford than students from outside the UK. 

- The proportion of students admitted who are from the UK has risen to 81.6%.

- Oxford does not operate quotas or targets around the nationality or domicile of students admitted to the University. The exception is Medicine, which is subject to a government restriction on the number of students with international fee status who can be admitted each year. 

- The highest number of overseas applications and admitted students were from the People’s Republic of China

五、录取英国公立学校学生的比例依然保持高位

- 在2020年因为疫情的特殊录取后，2021年牛津大学从英国公立学校录取的学生比例有所下降，但仍高于疫情前大学开始记录详细录取数据以来的所有年份。

- 2017年至2021年，从私立学校录取的英国学生的比例有所下降。

5. The proportion of students admitted to Oxford from the UK state schools remains high    

- The proportion of students admitted to Oxford from the UK state sector fell in  2021 following the exceptional intake in 2020 but remains higher than in all previous years since the University began recording detailed admissions statistics. 

- The proportion of UK students admitted from the independent sector has decreased between 2017 and 2021.

六、英国公立学校学生申请更集中在竞争激烈的专业

- 2019年至2021年，牛津大学25个最大的课程中，英国公立学校的学生占英国入学人数的40.9%至83.6%。

- 有些课程的一个录取名额比其他课程吸引更多的申请者，而英国公立学校的申请者更集中在最热门的专业。

- 平均而言，2019年至2021年期间，38.2%的公立学校学生申请了牛津大学最热门的五个科目（经济与管理、医学、哲学政治经济、法律和数学），而这些专业私立学校申请学生比例则为31.4%。

- 相比之下，18.1%的私立学校学生申请了最冷门的五个科目（古典学、音乐、现代语言、化学和英语），而这些专业公立学校学生的申请比例为12.3%。

6. UK state students apply disproportionately for the most oversubscribed subjects. 

- State-educated UK students represented between 40.9% and 83.6% of UK intakes from 2019 to 2021 for Oxford’s 25 largest courses.

- Some courses attract more applications per available place than others, and UK state students apply disproportionately for the most oversubscribed subjects. 

- On average, 38.2% of state applications between 2019 and 2021 were for five of the most oversubscribed subjects at Oxford (Economics & Management, Medicine,  PPE, Law, and Mathematics), compared with 31.4% of independent applications. 

- In contrast, 18.1% of independent applications were for five of the least oversubscribed subjects (Classics, Music, Modern Languages, Chemistry, and English),  compared with 12.3% of state applications.

七、招收英国公立学校学生比例最高和最低的书院‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

- 各个书院收到的来自公立和私立学校的申请数量和比例各不相同。对一些书院来说，这一比例接近50:50，而其他一些书院收到的来自公立学校的申请多出几倍。

- 从2019年到2021年，牛津大学录取的英国学生中，受过公立教育的比例按书院划分，从55.6%到94.8%不等。

- 录取来自公立学校学生比例最高的前三所书院分别是曼斯菲尔德书院（94.8%）、伍斯特书院（79.2%）和布雷齐诺斯书院（79%）。录取来自公立学校学生比例最低的前三所书院分别是圣彼得书院（55.6%）、基督堂书院（55.9%）和新书院（57.1%）。

7. Colleges with the highest and lowest proportions of admitted students from the state sector

- Individual colleges receive varying numbers and proportions of applicants from the state and independent sectors. For some colleges, this split is close to 50:50, while others receive several times more applications from state-educated students. 

- The state-educated share of UK students admitted to Oxford ranged by the college from 55.6% to 94.8% from 2019 to 2021.

- The top three colleges with the highest proportions of admitted students from the state sector are Mansfield College (94.8%), Worcester College (79.2%) and Brasenose College (79%). The top three colleges with the lowest proportions of admitted students from the state sector are St Peter's College (55.2%), Christ Church (55.9%) and New College (57.1%)

八、英国本土录取女生比例再创新高

- 牛津大学录取的英国本土申请者中，女生的比例在过去五个录取周期中有所上升。

- 从2018年到2021年，牛津大学每年录取的英国本土的女性本科生都多于男性

- 申请人的男女比例因课程而异。2019年至2021年期间，牛津大学25个最大的课程的这一比例从14.8%到75.5%不等。

- 其中，女生比例最低的五个专业分别是数学和计算机（14.8%）、计算机科学（18.3%）、物理（21.2%）、工程科学（27.3%）、和数学（27.6%），而女生比例最高的五个专业是英语（75.5%）、实验心理学（74%）、生物医疗科学（71.7%)、地理学（70.1%）和现代语言（66.9%）。

8. Another record high of the female proportion of UK-domiciled undergraduate students 

- The female proportion of UK-domiciled undergraduate students admitted to Oxford has risen over the past five admissions cycles. 

- In each year from 2018 to 2021 Oxford admitted more UK-domiciled female undergraduates than males.

- The female-to-male ratio of applications varies by course. This proportion ranged from 14.8% to 75.5% between 2019 and 2021 for Oxford’s 25 largest courses. 

- The five programmes with the lowest proportion of female students are Mathematics and Computer Science (14.8%), Computer Science (18.3%), Physics (21.2%), Engineering Science (27.3%), and Mathematics (27.6%), while the five programmes with the highest proportion of female students are English (75.5%), Experimental Psychology (74%), Biomedical Sciences (71.7 %), Geography (70.1 %) and Modern Languages (66.9 %). 

九、英国非白人学生的申请人数和录取比例继续增长

- 自2017年以来，牛津大学的英国定居BME（黑人和少数族裔）申请者的数量持续增长，收到录取通知书和被录取的学生数量也有所增加。

- 牛津大学录取的英国定居学生中，在UCAS申请中表明自己是BME的比例从2017年的17.8%上升到2021年的24.6%。

- 其中，在UCAS申请中表示自己是亚裔的比例，从2017年的8.2%上升到2021年的11.2%

9. The number of UK-domiciled BMEapplicants and admitted students continued to increase.  

- The number of UK-domiciled BME (Black and Minority Ethnic) applicants to Oxford has increased since 2017, as have the numbers of students receiving offers and being admitted. 

- The proportion of UK-domiciled students admitted to Oxford who indicate in their UCAS application that they identify as BME has risen from 17.8% in 2017 to 24.6% in 2021. 

- Among them, those who indicate in their UCAS application that they identify as Asian have risen from 8.2% in 2017  to 11.2% in 2021.

十、英国定居亚裔学生扎堆申请热门专业

- 2019年至2021年，在牛津大学25个最大的专业中，英国定居的亚裔学生占英国入学人数的3.8%至23.1%。

- 2019年至2021年，在英国定居的亚裔申请者中，46.7%是申请四个竞争激烈的专业：医学、法律、经济和管理以及数学。

- 亚裔学生比例最高的五个专业分别是医学（23.1%）、经济与管理（22.8%）、数学与计算机（18.6%）、法律（15.7%）、工程科学（14.9%）和计算机科学（14%）。而亚裔学生比例最低的五个专业分别是现代语言（3.8%）、音乐（3.9%）、英语（4.9%）、地球科学（5.3%）、地理（5.4%）和历史（5.5%)。

- 此外，从2019年到2021年，英国定居亚裔学生比例最高的五所书院是圣彼得学院（12.6%）、曼斯菲尔德学院（12.6%）、凯布尔学院（12.4%）、玛格丽特夫人学院（12.4%）和圣休学院（12.1%）。英国定居亚裔学生比例最低的五所书院是大学书院（7.3%）、萨默维尔书院（7.3%）、贝利奥尔学院（8.2%）、林肯学院（8.7%）和布雷齐诺斯书院（8.7%）。 

10. UK-domiciled Asian students disproportionally apply for four highly competitive courses

- UK-domiciled Asian students made up between 3.8% and 23.1% of UK intakes from 2019 to 2021 for Oxford’s 25 largest courses. 

- 46.7% of applications from UK-domiciled Asian students from 2019 to 2021  were for four highly competitive courses: Medicine, Law*, Economics &  Management, and Mathematics. 

- The five courses with the highest proportion of UK-domiciledAsian students are Medicine (23.1%), Economics and Management (22.8%), Mathematics and Computer Science (18.6%), Law (15.7%), Engineering Science (14.9%) and Computer Science (14%). The five courses with the lowest proportion of UK-domiciled Asian students are Modern Languages (3.8%), Music (3.9%), English (4.9%), Earth Sciences (5.3%), Geography (5.4%) and History (5.5%)

- Moreover, from 2019 to 2021, the five colleges with the higher proportion of UK-domiciled Asian students are St Peter's College (12.6%), Mansfield College (12.6%), Keble College (12.4%), Lady Margaret Hall (12.4%) and St Hugh's College (12.1%). The five colleges with the lowest proportion of UK-domiciled Asian students are university College (7.3%), Somerville College (7.3%), Balliol College (8.2%), Lincoln College (8.7%) and Brasenose College (8.7%).