2023年全球创新指数出炉:中国排名第12位,牛津成为顶尖科技创新集群之一

学术   2023-11-20 20:00   英国  




根据世界知识产权组织的全球创新指数,瑞士、瑞典、美国、英国和新加坡是2023年全球最具创新力的经济体。同时,牛津被公认为世界顶级科技创新集群之一。

Switzerland, Sweden, the US, the UK and Singapore are the world’s most innovative economies in 2023, according to  WIPO’s Global Innovation Index. And, Oxford is recognised as one of the top science and innovation clusters in the world.

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此外在过去十年中,一批中等收入经济体成为创新指数排名上升最快的国家。


全球创新指数(GII)由牛津大学赛德商学院院长苏米特拉·杜塔于2007年创立,使用80个指标跟踪130多个经济体的全球创新趋势,为政策制定者和商界领袖激发创新提供指导。今年,该报告则是在新冠疫情、高利率和地缘政治冲突导致经济缓慢复苏的背景下发布的。


2023年报告还指出,目前风险投资前景的日益不明朗,虽然风险投资有助于将人类的创意转化为新产品和服务,去年全球风险投资的融资额度也大幅下滑。


在2023年度排名中,中国是全球创新指数前30强中唯一的中等收入经济体,排名第12位,日本紧随其后,排名第 13 位。以色列(第14位)重新跻身全球创新指数前15强,上升了两级。芬兰(第6位)与丹麦(第9位)、瑞典(第2位)和波罗的海经济体(爱沙尼亚第16位,立陶宛第34位,拉脱维亚第37位)一起呈上升趋势。

A group of middle-income economies have emerged over the past decade as the fastest climbers of the ranking.


The GII, founded by Oxford Said’s Peter Moores Dean, Soumitra Dutta in 2007, uses 80 indicators to track global innovation trends in 130-plus economies, guiding policy makers and business leaders in stimulating human ingenuity. This year, the report’s findings are unveiled against a background of slow economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, high interest rates and geopolitical conflict.


The 2023 edition identifies an increasingly uncertain outlook for the venture capital (VC) that helps transform human ingenuity into new products and services, with the global value of VC funding marking a significant plunge last year. 


In the annual ranking, China – the only middle-income economy in the GII top 30 – ranks 12th followed by Japan in the 13th position. Israel (14th) is back among the GII top 15, gaining two steps. Finland (6th) is on an upward trend along with Denmark (9th), Sweden (2nd) and the Baltic economies (Estonia 16th, Lithuania 34th and Latvia 37th).

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在过去十年,印度尼西亚(第61位)与中国、土耳其(第39位)、印度(第40位)、越南(第46位)、菲律宾(第56位)和伊朗(第62位)一道,成为在全球创新指数排名中上升最快的中等收入经济体。而在过去四年,自新冠疫情爆发以来,毛里求斯(第57位)、印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、巴西和巴基斯坦的排名上升最快(按排名上升顺序排列)。


与发展水平相比,共有21个经济体的创新表现超出预期,其中大部分位于撒哈拉以南非洲、东南亚、东亚和大洋洲。印度、摩尔多瓦和越南连续13年在创新方面表现优异。印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦连续第二年成为创新超预期国家,巴西则连续三年成为创新超预期国家。


作为全球创新指数的联合主编,牛津大学赛德商学院院长苏米特拉在评论这份报告时说:“我们正在见证数字技术和许多深度科学领域的指数级进步。这将推动各个领域的创新,并有望为解决气候、食品、健康和相关挑战等一些世界复杂问题提供解决方案。”

产权组织总干事邓鸿森表示:“一批新兴经济体的全球创新指数排名不断攀升,这表明关注创新生态系统可以发挥重要作用。在全球范围内,尽管风险投资资金下滑,但2023年全球创新指数应让我们确信,目前全球创新活动依然强劲,但同时应继续从数量向质量转变。通过全球创新指数,世界各地的政策制定者将继续拥有丰富、可信的数据和信息来源,以制定有利于创新的政策,释放国民的创新潜力。”


“全球创新发展的独特把脉从未像现在这样重要。在过去的 16 年里,我们看到全球创新指数帮助许多国家制定了创新政策和议程,今年也不例外。”


—— 牛津大学赛德商学院院长 苏米特拉·杜塔教授

In the past 10 years, Indonesia (61st) joins China, Turkey (39th), India (40th), Vietnam (46th), the Philippines (56th), and the Iran (62nd) in the group of middle-income economies to have climbed the GII rankings fastest. In the last four years, and since the pandemic started, Mauritius (57th), Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil and Pakistan have risen the most in rank (in order of rank progression). 

A total of 21 economies outperformed on innovation as expected relative to their level of development, the majority located in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. India, Moldova and Vietnam are each innovation overperformers for 13 years in a row. Indonesia, Pakistan and Uzbekistan maintain their overperformer status for a second year and Brazil for a third consecutive year. 




Commenting on the report, Soumitra, the GII's co-editor, said: 'We are witnessing exponential progress in digital technologies and many fields of deep science. This is providing a boost to innovation across sectors and holds the hope of providing solutions to some of our world’s complex problems in climate, food, health and related challenges.' 

WIPO Director General Daren Tang, said: 'A group of emerging economies are consistently climbing the GII ranks, showing how a focus on the innovation ecosystem can make a difference. Globally, despite a downturn in venture capital funding, the GII 2023 should reassure us that innovative activity currently continues to run strong but that innovative activity should continue to shift from quantity to quality. With the GII, policymakers across the world continue to have a rich and trusted source of data and information to craft pro-innovation policies to unleash the innovative potential of their people.' 

‘Our unique global pulse check on the state of innovation has never been more important. Over the last 16 years, we have seen the GII help to shape the innovation policies and agenda in many countries, and this year will be no exception.’


-- Professor Soumitra Dutta

Dean of Saïd Business School

University of Oxford

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今年全球创新指数报告的主要发现包括:


  • 科学出版发表、研究与开发(R&D)、风险投资交易数量(并非交易价值)和专利继续增加,达到前所未有的水平。然而,增长率低于2021年的超常增长。

  • 2022年,企业届是研发领域最大投资者,支出达到1.1万亿美元,创历史新高。2022年,这些企业的研发支出增长了约7.4%,低于2021年15%的增长率。

  • 与近期人工智能的迅猛发展相呼应,信息和通信技术硬件行业中的显卡和芯片制造商在2022年的研发增长最为显著。在新冠疫情期间削减了研发支出的其他行业,如汽车、旅游和休闲板块,则在2022年再次出现强劲投资。

  • 根据初步数据,估算的2022年全球政府研发预算有实际增长。其中日本和韩国大幅增加,德国也有相对较小的增幅,弥补了其他经济体的削减。

  • 尽管2021年的风投呈现异常高水平,2022年风险投资的总价值急剧下降了近40%,反映出风险融资环境的恶化。非洲是2022年唯一没有出现衰退的地区。

  • 2023年和2024年的风险投资前景并不明朗,高利率可能会继续影响创新融资。

  • 信息技术、健康和能源领域的指标继续显示出进步——2022年全球创新指数所概述的数字时代和深度科学创新浪潮正在蓬勃发展。

  • 总体而言,尽管某些技术的渗透率仍然较低,如电动汽车和癌症治疗,技术应用正在积极发展。

Among the GII’s key findings: 


  • Scientific publications, research and development (R&D), the number of venture capital (VC) deals (but not their value) and patents continued to increase to higher than ever levels. However, growth rates were lower than the exceptional increases seen in 2021.

  • In 2022, spending by corporations representing the largest investors in R&D reached USD 1.1 trillion in 2022 – a historic high. They increased their R&D spend by around 7.4 percent in 2022, down from 15 percent growth in 2021.

  • Mirroring the recent surge of artificial intelligence, the ICT hardware sectors saw graphic card and chipmakers in the lead with the most notable R&D growth in 2022. Other sectors which cut back R&D spending during the pandemic, such as automobiles and travel and leisure, invested strongly again in 2022.

  • According to preliminary data, global government R&D budgets are estimated to have increased in real terms in 2022. Significant increases took place in Japan and the Republic of Korea, and smaller ones in Germany, making up for cuts in other economies.

  • Reflecting a deteriorating climate for risk finance, the total value of VC investments declined sharply by close to 40 percent in 2022, albeit from unusually high levels in 2021. Africa was the only region not to see a decline in 2022.

  • The VC outlook for 2023 and 2024 is uncertain, with high interest rates likely to continue to impact the financing of innovation.

  • Indicators in the fields of information technology, health and energy continue to show progress – the Digital Age and Deep Science innovation waves outlined in GII 2022 are well underway.

  • Overall, technology adoption is developing positively even though penetration for some technologies, such as electric vehicles and cancer treatment, remains low. 

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2023年全球创新指数还显示,牛津是世界公认的顶尖科技创新集群之一。该指数通过对专利申请活动和科学文章发表情况的分析来建立集群,记录全球发明家和科学作者密度最高的地理区域。


牛津大学是牛津蓬勃发展的创新生态系统的基石,这一生态系统近年来得到了长足的发展。牛津大学是英国申请专利最多的大学,在英国大学衍生企业方面排名第一。自1959年以来,牛津大学已创建了300家新公司,其中三分之一以上是在过去五年中创建的。


“我很高兴看到牛津大学作为一个领先的科技集群得到认可,我为牛津大学通过其卓越的研究和优秀的人才在催化创新领域所发挥的重要作用感到非常自豪。 ”


—— 牛津大学校长 艾琳·特蕾西教授

2023 GII also showed Oxford is recognised as one of the top science and innovation clusters in the world. The index establishes clusters through analysis of patent-filing activity and scientific article publication, documenting the geographical areas around the world with the highest density of inventors and scientific authors. 

The University of Oxford is a cornerstone of Oxford’s thriving innovation ecosystem, which has grown and developed substantially in recent years. Oxford is the highest university patent filer in the UK and is ranked first in the UK for university spinouts. It has created 300 new companies since 1959, with over a third of these companies created in the last five years. 

‘I am thrilled to see Oxford recognised as a leading science and technology cluster, and I am extremely proud of the role that the University plays in catalysing innovation through its incredible research and talented people.‘


-- Professor Irene Tracey

Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford

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