《2024年全球创新指数》：中国为中等收入国家首位世界十一，全球创新投入放缓

世界知识产权组织本月发布的《2024年全球创新指数》显示，瑞士、瑞典、美国、新加坡和英国是全球最具创新力的经济体。由牛津大学赛德商学院院长苏米特拉·杜塔教授共同编辑的全球创新指数还显示，中国、土耳其、印度、越南和菲律宾是10年中上升最快的经济体，使中国成为全球创新指数前30名中唯一的中等收入经济体。

《2024年全球创新指数》已是第17版，指数分析了133个经济体的创新生态系统表现，并跟踪最新的全球创新趋势。它是指导政策制定者、商界领袖和其他人士发挥人类智慧，以改善生活和应对气候变化等共同挑战的全球对标基准资源。今年，全球创新指数还重点关注 “社会创业精神”，即运用私营部门的实践来实现积极的社会变革。

然而，全球创新指数报告显示，未来创新活动的预测指标严重疲软，包括 2020-2022年创新投资热潮的逆转。在利率走高的情况下，2023年的风险投资资金下降了约40%，研发支出增长下滑，国际专利申请和科学出版物也在减少。

2023年，我们看到研发支出下降，科学出版物减少，风险投资缩减到疫情前的水平......然而，技术进步依然强劲，尤其是在与健康相关的领域。

——邓鸿森

世界知识产权组织总干事

邓鸿森干事认为，2023年的技术进步依然强劲，"尤其是在基因组测序等健康相关领域，以及计算能力和电动电池方面。技术应用也在深化，尤其是在5G、机器人和电动汽车领域"。他补充说：“今年的全球信息基础设施指数还揭示了关键指标的积极趋势，包括全球贫困率下降、劳动生产率和预期寿命上升。“

与发展水平相比，共有19个经济体在创新方面表现优异。印度、摩尔多瓦共和国和越南连续14年在创新领域表现优异。近年来，沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、巴西、印度尼西亚、毛里求斯和巴基斯坦在全球创新指数中的排名上升最快（按排名顺序）。印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦连续第三年保持超额表现，巴西则连续第四年保持超额表现。

”在世界知识产权组织，我们看到全世界对创新的兴趣与日俱增。越来越多的国家认识到，释放本国人民的创新潜力，对于增长和发展以及应对地方和全球挑战至关重要。决策者面临的挑战是如何建立一个充满活力的创新生态系统，帮助伟大的创意产生真正的影响，"邓鸿森补充道。

社会创业精神是应对关键社会挑战的一种重要创新形式，但在创新文献和政策中仍未得到充分探索。全球创新指数旨在突出新兴创新......并促进改进衡量标准和生态系统。

——苏米特拉·杜塔教授

牛津大学赛德商学院院长

《2024年全球创新指数》重点聚焦：

社会创业精神

社会创业精神如何才能催化变革性创新并产生社会影响？今年的全球创新指数强调了“社会创业精神”日益增长的重要性，这是一个经常被政策制定者、创新经济学家、发展机构和资助机构忽视的重要创新源泉。

社会创业精神将商业实践与社会目标相结合，以应对世界上一些最紧迫的社会和环境挑战，如创造就业机会、提供教育、改善基础设施，以及为当地需求量身定制可持续的解决方案。

然而，要充分发挥社会创业精神的潜力，需要一个支持性的生态系统，包括监管和法律框架、筹资机制以及认可和支持社会创业的培训计划。《2024年全球创新指数》汇集了社会创业领域主要参与者的分析和政策指导，如牛津大学斯科尔社会创业中心、施瓦布社会创业基金会和 “催化剂2030”倡议，以及顶级社会创业和创新专家。

它们揭示了创新与社会创业之间尚未得到充分研究的联系，使社会创业成为国际发展与创新政策对话的一个重要部分，也成为跨界合作中一个日益受到关注的领域。

我感到自豪的是，2024年版直接涉及社会创业精神，借鉴了牛津大学斯科尔中心等一流机构的专业知识和社会创业的真知灼见。

——苏米特拉·杜塔教授

牛津大学赛德商学院院长

《2024年全球创新指数》的主要发现包括：

• 继2020年至2022年的繁荣之后，科学出版物、风险投资和国际专利申请在2023年出现下滑，研发支出放缓。

• 风险资本和科学出版物急剧下降，回到了疫情前的水平，对拉丁美洲和非洲等新兴地区产生了明显影响。

• 风险资本投资额从2021年的超高水平急剧下降，2022年下降了36%，2023年又下降了39%，这反映了风险融资环境的恶化。 

• 2023年，国际专利申请量下降了1.8%，这是自2009年以来的首次下降。

• 2023年，作为研发领域最大投资者的企业支出实际增长约6%。这落后于过去10年的长期增长率（约8%），也低于2019-2021年间10-15%的峰值，更低于疫情前的增长率。

• 技术继续飞速发展，尤其是在与健康相关的领域和计算能力方面。技术应用也在不断增长，尤其是5G技术（2022年覆盖率将增长近25%）、机器人技术和电动汽车（2022年全球电动汽车保有量将增长54%）。

• 不过，去年绿色技术的进展速度低于十年来的平均水平，这凸显了降低超级计算机能耗和保持电动电池价格下降的难度。

更多内容点击原文，阅读完整《2024年全球创新指数》报告。

Switzerland, Sweden, the US, Singapore and the UK are the world’s most-innovative economies, according to the World Intellectual Property Organisation’s (WIPO) Global Innovation Index 2024 (GII) published today. Co-edited by Professor Soumitra Dutta, Dean of Oxford Saïd Business School, the GII Index also shows China, Türkiye, India, Vietnam and the Philippines are the fastest 10-year climbers, making China the only middle-income economy in the GII’s top 30. 

Now in its 17th edition, the Global Innovation Index 2024 captures the innovation ecosystem performance of 133 economies and tracks the most recent global innovation trends. It is the world’s benchmark resource to guide policy makers, business leaders and others in unleashing human ingenuity to improve lives and address shared challenges, such as climate change. This year, the GII also looks at “social entrepreneurship,” where private-sector practices are used for positive social change. 

However, the GII report reveals a major softening in leading indicators of future innovative activity, including a reversal of the 2020-2022 boom in innovation investment. Amid higher interest rates, in 2023 venture capital funding fell by some 40%, growth slipped in research and development spending, while international patent filings and scientific publications fell.

In 2023, we saw a decline in R&D expenditures, a reduction in scientific publications, and a scaling back of venture capital investments to pre-pandemic levels...However, technological progress remained strong, particularly in health-related fields.

Daren Tang

WIPO Director General

According to Daren Tang, technological progress remained strong in 2023, 'particularly in health-related fields such as genome sequencing, as well as in computing power and electric batteries. Technology adoption also deepened, especially in 5G, robotics, and electric vehicles'. He added: 'This year’s GII also reveals positive trends in key indicators, including a decline in global poverty and rises in labour productivity and life expectancy.' 

A total of 19 economies outperformed on innovation, relative to their level of development. India, the Republic of Moldova and Vietnam are all innovation overperformers for 14 years in a row. In more recent years, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Brazil, Indonesia, Mauritius and Pakistan have climbed the most in the GII (in order of their ranking). Indonesia, Pakistan and Uzbekistan maintain their overperformer status for a third year and Brazil for a fourth consecutive year. 

'At WIPO, we see a growing interest in innovation from around the world. More and more countries are realising that unleashing the innovation potential of their people is critical to growth and development, as well as addressing local and global challenges. The challenge for policymakers is how to build a vibrant innovation ecosystem that helps a great idea make real impact,' said Daren Tang. 

Social entrepreneurship is a vital form of innovation addressing key societal challenges, yet it remains underexplored in innovation literature and policy. The GII aims to highlight emerging innovation...and foster improved metrics and ecosystems.

——Soumitra Dutta

Dean of Oxford Saïd Business School

GII 2024 focus: Social Entrepreneurship 

What will it take for social entrepreneurship to catalyse transformative innovation and societal impact? This year's GII highlights the growing significance of “social entrepreneurship,” a crucial source of innovation often overlooked by policymakers, innovation economists, development agencies, and funding institutions. 

Social entrepreneurship marries business practices with social goals to address some of the world's most pressing social and environmental challenges, such as creating jobs, providing education, improving infrastructure, and developing tailor-made sustainable solutions for local needs. 

However, realising the full potential of social entrepreneurship requires a supportive ecosystem, including regulatory and legal frameworks, funding mechanisms, and training programs to recognise and support social entrepreneurs. The GII 2024 has brought together analysis and policy guidance from key actors in the field of social entrepreneurship, such as the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxford University, the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, and Catalyst 2030, along with top social entrepreneurs and innovation experts. 

They shed light on the underexplored linkages between innovation and social entrepreneurship, making social entrepreneurship a prominent part of the international development and innovation policy dialogue, and a growing area of interest for cross-border cooperation. 

I am proud that the 2024 edition directly tackles social entrepreneurship, drawing on expertise from leading institutions such as the Skoll Centre at Oxford University and insights from social entrepreneurs.

——Soumitra Dutta

Dean of Oxford Saïd Business School

GII main findings include:

• Following a boom between 2020 and 2022, scientific publications, venture capital and international patent filings experienced a downturn in 2023, and research and development expenditures slowed.

• Venture capital and scientific publications have declined sharply, back to pre-pandemic levels, with a pronounced impact on emerging regions such as Latin America and Africa.

• Reflecting a deteriorating climate for risk finance, the value of venture capital investments has been falling sharply from the exceptionally high levels of 2021, with a 36% drop in 2022 followed by a further 39% drop in 2023.

• International patent filings saw a decline of 1.8% in 2023, the first such decline since 2009.

• In 2023, spending by corporations representing the largest investors in R&D, grew by around 6% percent in real terms. This lags the long-term growth rate for the last 10 years (around 8%), and is down from peaks between 10-15% between 2019–2021, and from pre-pandemic growth rates.

• Technology continues to progress rapidly, particularly in health-related fields and computing power. Technology adoption is also growing, particularly in 5G – with close to 25% increase on coverage in 2022, robotics, and electric vehicles (EVs), where the global stock of EVs increased by 54% in 2022.

• However, the progress in green technologies in the last year has been slower than the average for the decade, highlighting the difficulty in reducing the energy consumption of supercomputers and maintaining the decrease in electric battery prices. 

For more information, click "Read More" to download the Global Innovation Index 2024.