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探索世界——了解我们身边的生活
深入观察自然，你才能更好地理解一切事物。
——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
理论物理学家
当幼儿通过与成年人和其他孩子互动开始理解自己的个人经历时，他们便开始对这个世界有所认识了。婴儿从出生就开始形成自我意识，而来自父母和照顾者的回应和互动，则为自我意识的形成提供支持。良好的经历和情感依恋会影响婴儿的发展，尤其是影响他们看待自己以及与他人相处的方式。
当小婴儿开始舞动手脚，他们所感知的世界就开始变得截然不同。除了哭喊，孩子还开始利用面部表情和手指的指向来表达自己的需求——观察敏锐的成年人通常能够捕捉到婴儿的这些需求。随着宝宝年龄的增长，他们会获得更多的机会去探索。
这时，成年人和哥哥姐姐可以用轻柔的童谣和歌曲来陪伴他们的探索之旅。婴儿可以听懂讲故事的旋律，因此，找到能反映他们兴趣所在的故事有助于丰富他们的早期体验。摆在婴儿面前的是一个可以用各种感官去尽情探索的世界，他们会了解到不同的资源和材料具有不同的特性——从冰块的融化、泡泡的破裂、石头接触皮肤的冰凉感，到沙子加水后质地发生变化。
孩子学会说话后，会开始积累用来描述个人经历的词汇。个人经历可以帮助幼儿逐渐形成对地方的感知，例如他们居住的地方和其他熟悉的地方，以及建立时间观。他们会意识到自己周围的环境及其简单的地理特征，或通过故事了解更远的地方。
孩子们开始了解一天当中发生的事情。他们知道上午、下午、傍晚和晚上，也知道过去发生过的一些事情。建立一日常规对幼儿来说变得很重要，因为他们会从行为模式中获得安全感，例如晚上淋浴或洗澡前会有一段安静的时间，或者在准备好进入梦乡之前会先听一个故事。
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Exploring the world – making sense of life around us
Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.
—— Albert Einstein,
Theoretical Physicist
When children begin to understand their personal experiences, through interaction with adults and other children, they begin to make sense of the world. Babies begin to develop a sense of self from birth, and this is supported by how parents and carers respond to and interact with them. Positive experiences and emotional attachments affect the baby’s development, in particular how they perceive themselves and how they relate to others.
Once a baby becomes mobile, the world starts to look very different. They start to use facial expressions and pointing to indicate their needs in addition to sounds like crying. Responsive adults will more often than not tune into these needs. As a baby gets older, they have more opportunities to explore.
Here, adults and older siblings can accompany these explorations with gentle rhymes and songs. Babies can tune into the melodic line of storytelling, and finding stories that reflect their interests will help to enrich these early experiences. There is a world to explore using all senses and children learn that different resources and materials have different properties – from ice melting, bubbles popping, stones feeling cold against the skin or sand changing texture with the addition of water.
Children communicating verbally start to build their vocabulary to describe their personal experiences. Personal experiences contribute to children’s emerging sense of place, such where they live and other familiar places, and their sense of time. There is an awareness of their immediate environment and the simple geographical features of the environment around them, or further afield through stories.
Children begin to understand what happens over a day. They’re aware of morning, afternoon, evening and nighttime, and that some things have happened in the past. Routines become important to young children, as they feel a sense of security in patterns of behaviour, for example having quiet time before they shower or bathe on an evening before bed, or a story as they settle down for a good night’s sleep.
Swipe left to read English version
渐渐地，幼儿将认识到人类会对环境产生影响，包括他们自己在内。他们对随着时间推移或年龄增长而变得复杂的自然现象有了越来越多的认识，先是认识到太阳出来时会感觉到热，再到认识到祖父母可能会因为上了年纪而出现皱纹和白发。
通过学习，幼儿知道自己可以做出明智的选择，这有助于他们以积极的方式融入世界。为了进一步丰富幼儿对世界的认识和感知，成年人可以帮助他们了解周围的自然和建筑环境。漫步公园、购物区、参观寺庙和艺术展览，都能加深幼儿对周围多元世界的了解，并构成与他们讨论生态多样性在以下方面的异同的基础：
🦁
动物栖息地
包括海洋生物、鸟类和昆虫
🌦️
天气
🍁
季节
🌳
郊区
例如农场、公园、森林、山脉与河流
🚊
市区，包括小镇和城市
🌊
世界上的各种地方
如森林、林地、沙漠、丛林和海洋
🏙️
建筑环境，建筑类型
不同的房屋、道路和水道
编译自: https://help-for-early-years-providers.education.gov.uk/
为了理解他们身边的物质世界和社会世界，幼儿需要掌握一系列知识来解释和描述这一切。此外，他们还需要发展一套适当的核心技能，以便检验这些知识，并能够在对他们有意义的情况下应用和理解这些知识。运用科学探究和理解的原则，了解科学知识探究的本质，能够帮助幼儿逐步形成对物质世界的概念。
增强对“过去”的感知力，知道“过去”如何塑造我们、我们周围的人和世界，是了解我们作为当地和全球公民的历程的重要一环。能够识别自然世界中的各种元素及其对我们的影响，有助于幼儿对地方的感知以及身在其中的作用形成可靠的认识。
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Over time children become aware of the impact people, including themselves, have on the environment. They have a growing awareness of natural phenomena which develop in complexity with age, from appreciating that it feels hot when the sun is out, to identifying that grandparents may have wrinkles and grey hair because of their advancing age.
Young children learn that they can make informed choices and selections. This helps them to engage in the world in a positive way. To further enrich a child’s knowledge and sense of the world, adults can help them to learn about the natural and built environments around them. Walking through parks, shopping districts, visiting temples, and art exhibitions develop a child’s understanding of the diverse world around them. This can support discussions with young children about ecological diversity in terms of differences and similarities in:
🦁
animal habitats, including sea life,
birds and insects
🌦️
the weather
🍁
the seasons
🌳
the countryside such as farms,
parks, forests, mountains and rivers
🚊
urban areas
including towns and cities
🌊
places in the world, such as, forest,
woodland, desert, jungle and oceans
🏙️
built environments, types of buildings,
different homes, roads and waterways
Adapted from: https://help-for-early-years-providers.education.gov.uk/
In order to make sense of the physical and social world that surrounds them, children need to acquire a range of knowledge that explains and represents this. Additionally, they need to develop a core set of appropriate skills in order to investigate this knowledges and be able to apply and comprehend it in context that is meaningful to them. Using the principles of scientific investigation and understanding, the nature of scientific knowledge and enquiry enables children to grow a concept of the material world.
Developing a sense of the past, and how it shapes us, those around us and the world is an important part of understanding our journey as a local and global citizen. Being able to identify elements of the natural world, and its impact on us will provide children with a secure understanding of a sense of place, and their role within it.
在未来，哈罗教育专家还将为您带来
一系列前沿幼教干货，记得密切留意哦！
Moving forward,
our education experts will be sharing more
insightful tips on early years education, so stay tuned!
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