世界最大调水工程（南水北调中线）营养盐传输通量
Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world’s largest water diversion channel
Yuanhui Cheng, Hong Zhang*, Wei Yin*
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.029
摘要
南水北调中线工程所构建的人工渠道中营养物质的水平，是评估该宏伟跨流域项目水质安全与水生生态系统完整性的关键指标。但沿渠道营养物质的分布与传输情况尚不明确。本研究利用时间序列数据集，结合质量平衡与物质流动分析方法，揭示了南水北调中线工程水体及营养物质的运输通量。研究结果显示，营养物质浓度随时间显著变化，但主渠道30个监测站点间的差异并不显著。季节性温度变化是导致水质指标随时间显著波动的关键因素。营养物质负荷随着主渠道向受水城市输出的水体积的变化而变化。大气沉降作为主渠道营养物质的一个重要来源，分别占丹江口水库输入氮、磷和硫含量的9.13%、20.6%和0.635%。截至2021年，主渠道已净积累988吨氮、29吨磷和2540吨硫。这些外部和内部营养物质负荷的增加，将导致主渠道局部区域水质的波动与恶化。本研究对中线工程营养物质传输的空间与时间模式进行了量化，并揭示了其对水生环境的生态影响，有助于项目管理机构制定有效的水资源保护策略。
亮点
本文深入探讨了南水北调中线工程中营养物质的传输过程及其对水质和水生态系统所产生的影响。通过时间序列数据、质量平衡和物质流量分析的方法，揭示了营养物质浓度随时间和季节变化的趋势，并量化了大气沉降对营养物质的贡献。研究发现，中线工程水质总体上保持良好，但营养物质的累积和外部输入仍可能引起局部区域水质的波动甚至恶化，这一现象值得我们高度关注，并应采取切实有效的水资源相关保护措施。
Abstract
Nutrient levels in the artificial channel constructed for the Middle Route Project are significant indicators of water quality safety and aquatic ecological integrity for this large, interbasin scheme. However, the distribution and transport of nutrients along the channel were poorly understood. Based on a time-series dataset as well as mass balance and material flow analysis methods, the water and nutrient transport fluxes in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were identified in this study. The results indicate that the nutrient concentrations varied considerably with time, but there was no significant difference among the 30 stations of the main channel. Seasonal temperature difference was the major factor in the large fluctuations of water quality indicators over time. The nutrient loadings varied with the water volume outputs from the main channel to the water receiving cities. Atmospheric deposition was an important source of nutrients in the main channel, accounting for 9.13%, 20.6%, and 0.635% of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur input from the Danjiangkou Reservoir, respectively. In 2021, a net accumulation of 988 tons of N, 29 tons of P, and 2,540 tons of S, respectively, were present in the main channel. The increase of these external and internal nutrient loadings would cause water quality fluctuation and deterioration in some local sections of the main channel. Our study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient transport in the Middle Route and revealed the ecological effects on the aquatic environment, assisting authorities on the project to develop effective water conservation strategies.
作者简介
张洪，博士，中国科学院生态环境研究中心研究员，科技处处长，环境水质学国家重点实验室流域物质循环与调控课题组组长，国家生态环境保护专业技术青年拔尖人才，主要从事流域水系磷迁移转化过程研究与修复工程实践。近年来，主持承担了国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发课题、中国科学院重点部署课题、国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（子课题）30余项，发表论文150余篇，申请/获授权专利10余项。
联系邮箱：hongzhang@rcees.ac.cn
原文链接
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074223000402
引用格式
Yuanhui Cheng, Hong Zhang, Wei Yin, 2024. Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world’s largest water diversion channel. J. Environ. Sci. 135, 703-714.
