多终点毒性分析表明氯胺化废水有机物比氯胺化天然有机物引发更强毒性效应
Multi-endpoint assays reveal more severe toxicity induced by chloraminated effluent organic matter than chloraminated natural organic matter
Hai-Yan Wang, De-Xiu Wu*, Ye Du, Xiao-Tong Lv, Qian-Yuan Wu
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.009
摘要
氯胺消毒过程由于产生了有毒有害的消毒副产物而备受关注，但氯胺处理后的再生水和饮用水的毒性差异尚不清楚。本研究利用多终点毒性指标表征了同一浓度的溶解有机物经氯胺消毒后引发的哺乳动物细胞毒性效应，发现氯胺消毒的污水有机物（EfOM）引发的细胞毒性是氯胺消毒的在饮用水中天然有机物（NOM）的1.7倍。观察到细胞内活性氧/氮物质（ROS和RNS）具有显著性差异，氯胺消毒EfOM比氯胺消毒NOM诱导了更多RNS；与阴性对照相比，它们引起了更严重的ROS水平，但二者无显著性差异。基于此，进一步发现细胞内大分子损伤具有差异，氯胺消毒EfOM诱发的DNA/RNA损伤标志物8-OH(d)G以及细胞内蛋白质羰基浓度分别高于氯胺消毒NOM和略高于氯胺消毒NOM。细胞生理过程变化与细胞内标志物浓度水平变化较为一致。由氯胺消毒有机物引起的细胞周期停滞均主要发生在G2期，二者引发的可逆早期凋亡比例类似。然而，当浓度因子从20倍增加到60倍时，氯胺消毒EfOM引发的不可逆细胞坏死比例从0.5％上升到2.5％，而氯胺消毒NOM引发的效应没有明显变化。以上多终点毒性效应结果均表明，相比于氯胺消毒NOM，氯胺消毒的EfOM中的有毒物质引起的细胞内生理过程变化更不可逆，因此不可避免地导致更多细胞死亡。
亮点
氯胺消毒污水有机物相比于氯胺消毒天然有机物，诱导了更高浓度水平的细胞内活性氮、胞内8-OH(d)G和羰基化蛋白质，导致细胞坏死比例升高，细胞毒性更强。
Abstract
Disinfection by chloramination produces toxic byproducts and the difference in toxicity of reclaimed and drinking water treated by chloramination remains unclear. This study investigated cytotoxic effects at the same concentrations of dissolved organic matter and showed that chloraminated effluent organic matter (EfOM) induced 1.7 times higher cytotoxicity than chloraminated natural organic matter (NOM) applied to simulate drinking water. Chloraminated EfOM induced more reactive nitrogen species than chloraminated NOM, and chloraminated EfOM and NOM induced similar and higher levels of reactive oxygen species than the negative control, respectively. Consequently, intracellular macromolecule damage indicated by DNA/RNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-(deoxy)guanosine and the intracellular protein carbonyl concentration induced by chloraminated EfOM was higher and slightly more than that induced by chloraminated NOM, respectively. These data were consistent with the effects on cell physiological processes. Cell cycle arrest mainly occurred in G2 phase by chloraminated EfOM and NOM. Early apoptotic cells, which could return to normal, increased upon exposure to high concentrations of chloraminated EfOM and NOM. Moreover, necrotic cells were significantly increased from 0.5% to 2.5% when the concentration increased from 20- to 60-fold chloraminated EfOM, but were not obviously changed by chloraminated NOM. These results indicated that the comprehensive intracellular changes induced by toxic substances in chloraminated EfOM were more irreversible and induced more cell death than chloraminated NOM.
作者简介
吴德秀博士在读于清华大学深圳国际研究生院环境与生态研究院，主要研究污水消毒副产物识别与毒性控制研究，在Environmental Science & Technology，Water Research，Science of the total Environment等期刊上发表论文6篇。
吴乾元，清华大学深圳国际研究生院长聘副教授，博士生导师，主持国家重点研发项目、国家自然科学基金委优秀青年项目等国家级项目。近年来在Nat. Commun.、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.、Environ. Sci. & Technol.、Water Res.等期刊上以第一/通讯作者发表论文多篇
原文链接
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074223000141
引用格式
Hai-Yan Wang, De-Xiu Wu, Ye Du, Xiao-Tong Lv, Qian-Yuan Wu, 2024. Multi-endpoint assays reveal more severe toxicity induced by chloraminated effluent organic matter than chloraminated natural organic matter. J. Environ. Sci. 135, 310-317.
