JES编辑推荐文章：北京“煤改电”政策的实施对大气PM2.5及相关活性氧物质（ROS）的影响

北京“煤改电”政策的实施对大气PM_2.5及相关活性氧物质（ROS）的影响

Impact of Beijing’s “Coal to Electricity” Program on Ambient PM_2.5 and the Associated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Kaining Zhao, Yuanxun Zhang^*, Jing Shang, James J. Schauer, Wei Huang, Jingyu Tian, Shujian Yang, Dongqing Fang, Dong Zhang

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.038

北京市出台并实施了“煤改电”政策（室内电力供暖设备代替燃煤供暖设备），为深入探究该政策对空气质量的影响提供了重要契机。本研究分别在基准年（用煤年）和“煤改电”项目实施后的第一年（禁煤年）利用在线监测仪测定大气ROS活性（包括气态和颗粒态ROS）。与此同时，采集PM_2.5样品，用于分析化学组分和细胞ROS浓度。结果表明，两个采样期的PM_2.5浓度没有显著差异，但在禁煤年，气态ROS、颗粒态ROS和细胞ROS的活性分别比用煤年高8.72 nmol H₂O₂/m³、9.82 nmol H₂O₂/m³和2045.75 μg UD /mg PM。

    利用因子分析模型，识别出PM_2.5六大污染来源。二次源在禁煤年和用煤年都是PM_2.5的主要污染源，禁煤年的贡献比用煤年高15.90%。工业排放与煤炭燃烧源主要来自区域性传输，禁煤年浓度显著增加。老化海盐和住宅燃烧源对PM_2.5的贡献，禁煤年比用煤年下降了5.31%。相关性分析结果表明，工业排放与煤炭燃烧源与大气ROS有显著的正相关关系，二次源与细胞ROS，尤其是硝酸盐（r = 0.626，p = 0.000）有显著正相关关系。因此，“煤改电”项目减少了煤炭和生物质燃烧对PM_2.5的贡献，但对改善大气和细胞ROS效果并不明显。

本研究首次对不同来源活性氧开展了同步监测和分析，探究了“煤改电”政策实施前后，大气氧化潜势和颗粒物诱导氧化应激效应的变化情况及影响因素。研究结果为“煤改电”政策的环境健康效应评估提供了重要参考。

The Beijing “Coal to Electricity” program provides a unique opportunity to explore air quality impacts by replacing residential coal burning with electrical appliances. In this study, the atmospheric ROS (Gas-phase ROS and Particle-phase ROS, abbreviated to G-ROS and P-ROS) were measured by an online instrument in parallel with concurrent PM_2.5 sample collections analyzed for chemical composition and cellular ROS in a baseline year (Coal Use Year-CUY) and the first year following implementation of the “Coal to Electricity” program (Coal Ban Year-CBY). The results showed PM_2.5 concentrations had no significant difference between the two sampling periods, but the activities of G-ROS, P-ROS, and cellular ROS in CBY were 8.72 nmol H₂O₂/m³, 9.82 nmol H₂O₂/m³, and 2045.75 μg UD /mg PM higher than in CUY.

Six sources were identified by factor-analysis from the chemical components of PM_2.5. Secondary sources (SECs) were the dominant source of PM_2.5 in the two periods, with 15.90% higher contribution in CBY than in CUY. Industrial Emission & Coal Combustion sources (Ind. & CCs), mainly from regional transport, also increased significantly in CBY. The contributions of Aged Sea Salt & Residential Burning sources to PM_2.5 decreased 5.31% from CUY to CBY. The correlation results illustrated that Ind. & CCs had significant positive correlations with atmospheric ROS, and SECs significantly associated with cellular ROS, especially nitrates (r = 0.626, p = 0.000). Therefore, the implementation of the “Coal to Electricity” program reduced PM_2.5 contributions from coal and biomass combustion, but had little effect on the improvement of atmospheric and cellular ROS.

第一作者

赵恺凝博士于2023年在中国科学院大学资源与环境学院获得理学博士学位。现就职于上海市环境科学研究院，主要从事大气环境健康效应评估、大气环境化学等相关研究。发表SCI论文4篇，中文核心期刊2篇，授权发明专利1项。

通讯作者

张元勋博士为中国科学院大学教授，主要从事大气化学、环境监测与分析、环境健康和生态环境损害鉴定评估与治理修复技术等方面研究。

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074222003448

Kaining Zhao, Yuanxun Zhang, Jing Shang, James J. Schauer, Wei Huang, Jingyu Tian, Shujian Yang, Dongqing Fang, Dong Zhang, 2023. Impact of Beijing’s “Coal to Electricity” program on ambient PM_2.5 and the associated reactive oxygen species (ROS). J. Environ. Sci. 133, 93-106.