“碳中和”专刊系列文章（二十三）｜农业源甲烷排放进展：核算和减缓

Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources: Part I. Accounting and mitigation

Xiaokun Wu^**, Ying Zhang^**, Yinghui Han^*, Yagang Zhang^*, Yuhang Zhang, Xiaodan Cheng, Pei Zhong, Xue Yuan, Yuanxun Zhang, Zhengqiang Li

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.029

甲烷是典型温室气体，农业是其主要排放源之一。甲烷核算是制定有效的农业气候变化缓解战略的先决条件。在非二氧化碳温室气体中，甲烷的排放量最高，约占温室气体总排放量的20%以上。农业甲烷碳排放核算是农业有序减排温室气体、促进农业经济绿色转型的前提。它也是积极执行各种应对气候变化的政策和战略的主要基础。随着技术进步、边界条件变化和国家气候行动计划目标的推进，有必要进一步梳理和比较影响农业甲烷排放的各种因素，为更准确的核算方法奠定基础，从而为减排指明经济上更合适的方向，从而确定实施农业甲烷减排战略。本文综述了稻田、动物肠道发酵和畜禽粪便管理等各种农业排放源的甲烷核算方法和研究现状，讨论了各种排放源的影响因素。同时，分析了农业甲烷核算的不同研究成果，并根据实际情况提出了建议。最后，根据核算结果和实际情况提出了农业甲烷排放减缓策略。本综述旨在以农业为主的国家和地区积极参与气候行动提供基础数据和参考。

本文论述了甲烷农业排放源的类型、排放因子及更新排放因子的必要性。提出了目前对核算认识的局限性，并展望了未来研究方向，基于核算提供了大规模、经济有效的农业甲烷减排策略。

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs) and agriculture is recognized as its primary emitter. Methane accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation strategies. Of the non-CO₂ greenhouse gases, methane is the largest, accounting for more than 20 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions. Accounting of agricultural methane emissions is the premise of orderly reduction of agricultural emissions and green transformation of agricultural economy. It is also the main basis for the active implementation of policies and strategies to combat climate change. As technology advances, boundary conditions change and national climate action plan objectives advance, there is a need to further comb and compare the factors that affect agricultural methane emissions in order to lay the foundation for more accurate accounting methods, this will point to a more economically appropriate direction for reducing emissions, thus determining the implementation of agricultural methane emission reduction strategies. In this review, methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields, animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview, and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and discussed. At the same time, it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual situation. Finally, mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are proposed. This review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.

第一作者

吴晓坤 博士，于2013年在中国人民大学获得博士学位，现任华北电力大学数理系副教授。主要从事碳减排、养老保险、人口统计等相关研究。主持和参与多项教科研项目。在J. Environ. Sci.、Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.等国内外期刊发表多篇关于碳排放、碳减排、能源统计和人口统计方向的论文。

通讯作者

韩颖慧 博士，现任中国科学院大学资源与环境学院副教授，中国科学院生态环境研究中心客座副研究员，IEEE PES SBLC智慧能源区块链秘书长，北京遥感交叉应用专业委员会秘书长，金砖国家遥感卫星星座专家组成员。主要从事非二氧化碳温室气体相关研究。在Angew. Chem., Environ. Sci. Technol., Energy等国际期刊上累计发表论文70余篇，获10余项国家发明专利和13项软件著作权，主持国家自然基金国际合作重点项目、国家重点研发计划等科研项目20余项。

张亚刚 博士，现任华北电力大学数理系教授。主要从事“双碳”和能源领域的相关研究工作；在新型电力系统领域，研究复杂电力系统故障的动力学内在形成及演化机理；在新能源领域，主要结合大气扰动的非线性动力学演化形式，开展能源转换与管理方面的研究。曾荣获2020年度河北省技术发明一等奖1项，2022年度新疆自治区科技进步一等奖1项。荣获省部级以上教育教学成果奖3项。

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001074223003777

Xiaokun Wu, Ying Zhang, Yinghui Han, Yagang Zhang, Yuhang Zhang, Xiaodan Cheng, Pei Zhong, Xue Yuan, Yuanxun Zhang, Zhengqiang Li, 2024. Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources: Part I. Accounting and mitigation. J. Environ. Sci. 140, 279-291.