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一、为什么越来越多的顶刊需要生命周期分析（Life Cycle Assessment: LCA）和技术经济性分析（Techno-economic Analysis: TEA）？
但是如何向顶刊编辑和审稿人证明您的工作满足“碳中和“和”产学研“的要求？
二、生命周期分析/技术经济性分析的应用领域非常广，今天我们主要介绍以下领域：
1. 氢能领域
2. 电化学领域
3. CO2减排领域
4. 绿色/可持续化学领域
5. 能源与节能技术
6. 制造业
7. 废物处理
8. 合成生物学
1
氢能领域
量化大规模电解水制氢系统的环境负担及生命周期对土地改造和材料的影响[1]。
[1]Terlouw T, Bauer C, Mckenna R, et al. Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2022, 15(9): 3583-3602.
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2.1 二氧化碳电还原制燃料
传统甲酸生产工艺和电化学二氧化碳还原成甲酸工艺之间18个中点指标的环境影响评价比较。[2]
[2]Ai L, Ng S-F, Ong W-J. Carbon dioxide electroreduction into formic acid and ethylene: a review[J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2022: 1-58.
2.2 电化学合成氨
2.2.1 合成氨（电化学制氢）技术经济性评估[3]
利用完全可再生资源生产氨（水电解氢和变压吸附氮）的绿色氨生产装置技术经济评估
A 20,000 metric ton (MT) green ammonia production facility
LCOA sensitivity to wind LCOE
[3]Lin B, Wiesner T, Malmali M. Performance of a small-scale Haber process: A techno-economic analysis[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2020, 8(41): 15517-15531.
2.2.2 哈博法制氨生命周期评估
Haber-Bosch氨合成可以通过使用可再生电力分解水产生的氢气取代二氧化碳密集型甲烷供气过程，从而实现第二次氨革命作为能量载体。改进的传统Haber-Bosch工艺需要重新耦合，并通过生命周期评估对两个方案进行对比。[4]
Schematic diagram of (A) a typical conventional methane-fed Haber Bosch process and (B) an electrically powered alternative
Sankey drawing comparing the attributions of direct CO2-eq emissions arising from the methane-fed and the electrically driven Haber–Bosch processes
[4]Smith C, Hill A K, Torrente-Murciano L. Current and future role of Haber–Bosch ammonia in a carbon-free energy landscape[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2020, 13(2): 331-344.
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3
CO2减排领域
3.1 化学捕集与利用
使用16个生命周期评估指标量化和解释整合化石、CCU路线和电力技术的影响值。
CCU可以帮助实现可持续发展目标，但会损害其他可持续发展目标，因为负担转移到人类健康、水资源短缺以及矿物和金属枯竭的影响。附带损害可以通过明智地将化石燃料和CCU路线与碳负能源相结合来减轻，基于SDG的性能标准的优化模型评估负碳能源。[5]
[5]Ioannou I, Galán-Martín Á, Pérez-Ramírez J, et al. Trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals in carbon capture and utilisation[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2023.
3.2 生物捕集与利用
电微生物生产EMP工艺还原二氧化碳为碳基产品的生命周期评估，有助于扩展和可持续系统的设计。[6]
[6]Abel A J, Adams J D, Clark D S. A comparative life cycle analysis of electromicrobial production systems[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2022, 15(7): 3062-3085.
3.3 二氧化碳去除(CDR)技术
CDR技术的全生命周期评估,包括造林和再造林、生物炭、土壤碳隔离、增强风化、海洋施肥、生物能源碳捕获和存储以及直接空气碳捕获和存储。为提高对CDR部署的环境影响的理解及设计优异的CDR技术，需要更全面、更严格的全生命周期分析。[7]
[7]Terlouw T, Bauer C, Rosa L, et al. Life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide removal technologies: a critical review[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2021, 14(4): 1701-1721.
3.4 燃烧后控制技术生命周期评估
使用中间点的影响指标RECIPE (H) 2016 LCIA方法对一个容量为660兆瓦的超临界燃煤电厂进行生命周期评估（摇篮到闸门）。[8]
Schematic representation of thermal power plant with post-combustion control techniques
Relative percentages of CC potential at different LCA stages
[8]Malode S, Prakash R, Mohanta J C. A life cycle assessment of coal-fired thermal power plants with post-combustion control techniques: an India scenario[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023: 1-17.
3.5 炼钢工业废气捕集生命周期评估与技术经济性评估
研究了FINEX废气(FOG)捕集和利用的三种方案:燃烧后CO2捕集(案例1)、燃烧前CO2捕集(案例2)和燃烧前CO2捕集后的甲醇生产(案例3)，并通过CO2生命周期评估(LCA)和技术经济分析(TEA)对其净CO2排放量和经济性进行了比较评估。[9]
Configurations of three suggested FOG utilization processes for sustainable FINEX process.
CO2 LCA results comparison of FOG utilization processes.
CO2 emission reduction effects of three mitigation options depending on regions
Effects of carbon credit price on gross revenue of three FOG utilization processes.
Effects of methanol price on gross revenue of Case 3.
[9]Jeong W, Lee J, Ko C-K, et al. Development and evaluation of FINEX off-gas capture and utilization processes for sustainable steelmaking industry[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2023, 127: 103936.
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4
绿色/可持续化学领域
塑料回收利用相关技术的生命周期分析，评估技术的脱碳潜力，助于确定是否应该进一步推行这种废物转移战略。[10]
[10]Fagnani D E, Kim D, Camarero S I, et al. Using waste poly (vinyl chloride) to synthesize chloroarenes by plasticizer-mediated electro (de) chlorination[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2022: 1-8.
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5
能源与节能技术
1.太阳能电厂
从安装太阳能发电场到室外测试的GRAPE模块制造过程的环境影响评价。[11]
[11]Pescetelli S, Agresti A, Viskadouros G, et al. Integration of two-dimensional materials-based perovskite solar panels into a stand-alone solar farm[J]. Nature Energy, 2022, 7(7): 597-607.
2. 太阳能电池制氢
评估太阳能电池驱动的水电解生命周期环境影响，确保太阳能电解有助于全球能源的深度脱碳。[12]
[12]Palmer G, Roberts A, Hoadley A, et al. Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and net energy assessment of large-scale hydrogen production via electrolysis and solar PV[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2021, 14(10): 5113-5131.
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6
制造业
微生物纳米纤维素生物纺织品生命周期评估
微生物纳米纤维素(MC)独特的分子自组织与生物磷酸化和卵磷脂处理相结合，产生了具有优异机械和阻燃性能的可堆肥材料，并对其进行了生命周期评估。[13]
Microbial biofabrication and green processing of minimal waste products with a closed-loop life cycle
Life cycle impact assessment (LCA)
[13]Schiros T N, Antrobus R, Farías D, et al. Microbial nanocellulose biotextiles for a circular materials economy[J]. Environmental Science: Advances, 2022, 1(3): 276-284.
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7
废物处理
7.1 废塑料制化学品和氢燃料的技术经济性评估
研究将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料电催化升级回收为有价值的化学品(二甲酸钾和对苯二甲酸)和氢燃料，并对该工艺进行技术经济性评估。[14]
Schematic operating units of the integrated process for PET upcycling (Route I). The targeted products are PTA, H2, and KDF .
Plant-gate levelized cost for processing PET as function of Faradaic efficiency to formate (FEformate), renewable electricity cost, and current density
Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of Route I at different current density.
[14]Zhou H, Ren Y, Li Z, et al. Electrocatalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate to commodity chemicals and H2 fuel[J]. Nature communications, 2021, 12(1): 4679.
7.2 废塑料回收生命周期评估
研究废弃PET通过醋酸解聚为对苯二甲酸(TPA)和乙二醇二乙酸(EGDA)，并通过醋酸解逆反应实现PET再聚合，进行升级回收，并对该工艺进行生命周期评估。[15]
The process for closed-loop upcycling PET via acetolysis
LCA results for closed-loop upcycling PET via acetolysis
[15]Peng Y, Yang J, Deng C, et al. Acetolysis of waste polyethylene terephthalate for upcycling and life-cycle assessment study[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 3249.
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8
合成生物学
8.1 微生物蛋白质生产生命周期评估[8]
研究评估了自养氧化氢细菌(HOB)产生的微生物蛋白(MP)对环境的影响。采用从摇篮到大门的归因生命周期评估(LCA)方法，量化了芬兰MP生产的全球变暖潜势(GWP)、土地利用、淡水和海洋富营养化潜势、水资源短缺、人类(非)致癌毒性和累积能源需求(CED)。[16]
Flow chart and system boundaries of MP production as studies here
Results and contributions for different impact categories
[16]Järviö N, Maljanen N-L, Kobayashi Y, et al. An attributional life cycle assessment of microbial protein production: a case study on using hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 776: 145764.
8.2 乙醇工业转化生命周期评估与技术经济性评估
对传统的甘蔗糖生产乙醇和一个新兴的工艺进行技术经济性评估和温室气体(GHG)排放分析。[17]
The scheme of 1G+2G sugarcane ethanol production
GHG emissions of 1G (a) and 1G+2G (b) sugarcane ethanol life cycle without claiming credits from surplus electricity
[17]Wang L, Quiceno R, Price C, et al. Economic and GHG emissions analyses for sugarcane ethanol in Brazil: Looking forward[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 40: 571-582.
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