本次给大家整理的是《Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science》杂志2023年2月第50卷第2期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括20篇SCI论文！
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Scaling in city size distributions
城市规模分布的尺度扩张
【摘要】
From the late 19th century to the middle of the last, many contributions to the emergence of city science were made by scholars in Germany. Walter Isard (1956) in his book Location and Space Economy summarised these under the banner of location theory where the focus was on how the size and spatial distribution of economic activities in cities and regions could be explained as a function of their agglomeration economies, their density and the relative dependence on one another through transportation costs. The work of economists and geographers such as Alfred Weber, Walter Christaller and August Losch amongst others set the scene for the development of this new science – regional science as it came to be called – and this dominated the development of urban modelling which after some volatile early attempts, is slowly becoming more widely accepted.
【摘要翻译】
从十九世纪末到二十世纪中叶，德国学者对城市科学的发展做出了许多贡献。沃尔特·伊萨德（1956）在他的《位置与空间经济》一书中将这些贡献归结为位置理论，该理论的重点是经济活动在城市和区域中的规模和空间分布如何通过其集聚经济、密度和通过运输成本相互依赖的相对关系来解释。经济学家和地理学家如阿尔弗雷德·韦伯、沃尔特·克里斯塔勒和奥古斯特·洛奇等人所做的工作为这种新科学的发展——后来被称为区域科学——奠定了基础，这种科学主导了城市模型的发展，经过一些早期的波动尝试之后，它正在慢慢地被更广泛地接受。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231155725
【作者信息】
The Law of Population Concentration
人口集中法则
【摘要】
I translate the 1913 article Das Gesetz der Bevölkerungskonzentration by the German physicist Felix Auerbach to English. I also reproduce the figures of Auerbach with English explanations of some key information.1 Although Auerbach’s path-breaking contribution to the field of human and economic geography has started to be widely recognized,2 his article has never been translated before to the best of my knowledge.
【摘要翻译】
我翻译了德国物理学家费利克斯·阿贝尔巴赫（Felix Auerbach）于1913年发表的文章《人口集中法》（Das Gesetz der Bevölkerungskonzentration）。我也附上了阿贝尔巴赫的一些关键数据，并对其中的一些重要信息进行了英文解释。尽管阿贝尔巴赫在人文与经济地理领域的开创性贡献已开始得到广泛认可，但据我所知，他的这篇文章此前从未被翻译成英文。【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221147139
【作者信息】
A participatory e-planning model in the urban renewal of China: Implications of technologies in facilitating planning participation
中国城市更新中的参与式电子规划模式:促进规划参与的技术含义
【摘要】
While collaborative planning has gained popularity in addressing conflicts of interest in urban renewal, the development of information communication technologies has provided creative tools in participatory planning. To accommodate the needs of participatory e-planning, we designed a digital collaborative platform composed of four modules to establish a framework for all stakeholders to participate in the urban renewal process in China. By taking a village as a case study (hereafter referred to as village X), this research introduces the application of a digital platform in the renewal of an old village facilitated by a third party. Although the application of e-planning participation in the renewal of X village has been effective, its further application has encountered challenges, such as willingness, the capacity of the residents, and credibility, due to the lack of an institutionalized arrangement. Compared with the West, China has a long way to go in promoting public participation in urban renewal through institutional arrangements. Educating the public and deepening the understanding of local governments in the necessity of public participation should be the future task of urban planners in China. The limitations and further applications of digital platforms are also discussed.
【摘要翻译】
虽然协作规划在解决城市更新中的利益冲突方面越来越受欢迎，但信息通信技术的发展为参与式规划提供了创造性的工具。为了适应参与式电子规划的需求，我们设计了一个由四个模块组成的数字协作平台，为所有利益相关者建立一个参与中国城市更新过程的框架。本研究以某村(以下简称X村)为例，介绍了数字平台在第三方推动的旧村更新中的应用。虽然电子规划参与在X村更新中的应用是有效的，但由于缺乏制度化的安排，其进一步的应用遇到了意愿、居民能力和可信度等方面的挑战。与西方相比，中国在通过制度安排促进公众参与城市更新方面还有很长的路要走。教育公众，加深地方政府对公众参与必要性的认识，应该是中国城市规划者未来的任务。讨论了数字平台的局限性和进一步的应用。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221111163
【作者信息】
Li Tian，清华大学教授，城市规划系副主任，土地利用与住房政策研究中心主任。她的研究重点是城市化、土地利用和住房研究。出版专著14部(含中英文)，发表中英文期刊论文130余篇，其中以第一作者或通讯作者发表SSCI/SCI论文30余篇。
Deep learning-based investigation of the impact of urban form on the particulate matter concentration on a neighborhood scale
基于深度学习研究城市形态对邻里尺度颗粒物浓度的影响
【摘要】
Despite the importance of urban forms to the dispersion of particulate matter (PM), only a few studies exist on the relationship between them due to the limitations of the data and methodology. Thus, this study used a deep learning-based investigation of the impact of urban form on PM2.5 concentration. Autoencoder, long short-term memory (LSTM), and the random forest model were used to analyze their relationship. The random forest model showed that urban form variables predict PM2.5 concentration with a 95.66% accuracy, confirming that urban form characteristics significantly impact PM2.5 concentrations. Among the urban form variables, floor area ratio turned out to be the most important, suggesting the need for more detailed efforts to reduce PM2.5 in locations with high floor areas. The effect on PM2.5 prediction accuracy was evaluated with root mean square error. It was difficult to accurately predict PM2.5 in areas with large building coverage areas and low-rise residential areas. This study improved the accuracy of results on the influence of urban form by using PM2.5 non-aggregated data measured hourly over 4 years, which expanded the applicability of deep learning-based urban analysis.
【摘要翻译】
尽管城市形态对颗粒物（PM）分散的重要性，但由于数据和方法上的限制，关于它们之间关系的现有研究很少。因此，本研究基于深度学习调查了城市形态对PM2.5浓度的影响。使用自动编码器、长短期记忆（LSTM）和随机森林模型来分析它们之间的关系。随机森林模型显示，城市形态变量预测PM2.5浓度的准确度为95.66%，证实了城市形态特征对PM2.5浓度有显著影响。在城市形态变量中，楼层面积比被证明是最重要的，这表明需要更加努力在楼层面积大的地方减少PM2.5。使用根均方误差评估对PM2.5预测精度的影响。很难准确预测建筑覆盖面积大和低层住宅区的PM2.5。本研究通过使用4年来逐小时测量的PM2.5非聚合数据，提高了基于深度学习的城市分析结果准确性的适用性，从而改善了城市形态对PM2.5的影响的准确性。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221111162
【作者信息】
金允炫目前正在首尔国立大学环境研究所研究生院攻读博士学位，研究方向包括土地利用与环境相互作用以及在城市背景下应用计算方法。
Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim是首尔国立大学环境研究所和景观建筑跨学科项目的研究员，同时也是该校的副教授。他的专业领域包括土地利用、交通与环境的相互作用以及定量分析。
Future land use conflicts: Comparing spatial scenarios for urban-regional planning
未来土地利用冲突：城市-区域规划空间情景比较
【摘要】
Latin America’s intensive urbanization processes are triggering rapid peri-urban transformations and the expansion of cities. These include accelerated metropolization processes, urban sprawl, and the emergence of new conurbations. These changes parallel the expansion of highly profitable agricultural activities and plantations linked to international markets. This paper aims to analyze land use/cover changes between 1990 and 2050 in the Quillota Province, Valparaíso Region, Chile. Specific objectives considered (1) analyzing changes in land use/cover trajectories between 1990 and 2017, (2) simulating changes in land use/cover based on three scenarios of territorial planning to 2050 (trending, ecological planning, and spatial planning), and (3), identifying the areas most likely to be modified by urbanization and agricultural activity as a result of biodiversity loss in the study area. The Dyna-CLUE model implemented was complemented with GIS techniques for the analysis of land use/cover trajectories that allowed classifying and characterizing the most dynamic land uses/cover within the Quillota Province, such as urban land uses. The results of simulations to 2050 show a probable conurbation of medium-sized cities of Quillota-La Cruz-Calera, and future land use conflicts between peri urban-agricultural land use and plantation-natural conservation land use. The results suggest that it is essential to choose scenarios to ensure sustainable land use planning to control urban and peri-urban sprawl and protect areas of high natural value.
【摘要翻译】
拉丁美洲的密集城市化进程正在引发周边地区的快速转型和城市扩张。这些包括加速的大都市化进程、城市蔓延以及新城市群的出现。这些变化与与国际市场相关的具有极高利润的农业活动和种植园的扩张并行。本文旨在分析智利瓦尔帕莱索地区奇里埃塔省1990年至2050年之间的土地利用/覆盖变化。具体目标包括：（1）分析1990年至2017年之间的土地利用/覆盖变化轨迹，（2）基于三个到2050年的领土规划情景模拟土地利用/覆盖变化（趋势、生态规划和空间规划），（3）确定最有可能被城市化以及农业活动所改变的地区，因为研究区域的生物多样性损失。所实施的Dyna-CLUE模型辅以GIS技术对土地利用/覆盖轨迹的分析，可以对奇里埃塔省最活跃的土地利用/覆盖进行分类和特征描述，如城市土地利用等。至2050年的模拟结果显示，奇里埃塔-拉库萨-卡拉雷中等规模城市可能会形成新的城市群，未来城市周边的农业用地与种植园与自然保护用地之间的土地利用冲突将加剧。结果说明选择确保可持续的土地利用规划是至关重要的，以控制城市和周边地区的无序扩张，并保护具有高度自然价值的地区。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221111404
【作者信息】
Mauricio Morales，智利阿尔贝托·乌尔塔多大学地理系
Jorge Qüense，智利天主教大学地理研究所，智利
Rodrigo Hidalgo，智利天主教大学地理研究所，智利
Marked crosswalks in US transit-oriented station areas, 2007–2020: A computer vision approach using street view imagery
2007-2020年，美国公交站点区域的人行横道标记:使用街景图像的计算机视觉方法
【摘要】
Improving the built environment to support walking is a popular strategy to increase urban sustainability and walkability. In the past decade alone, many US cities have implemented crosswalk visibility enhancement programs as part of road safety improvements and active transportation plans. However, there are no systematic ways of measuring and monitoring the presence of key built environment attributes that influence the safety and walkability of an area, such as marked crosswalks. Furthermore, little is known about how these attributes change over time at a national scale. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach using a deep learning-based computer vision model on Street View images to identify changes in intersection-level marked crosswalks around more than 4,000 US transit stations over a 14-year period. We found an increase in the overall number of marked crosswalks at intersections. Furthermore, high-visibility crosswalks became more common, as they replaced existing parallel-line crosswalks. We further examine crosswalks around transit stations in New York City and San Francisco to illustrate geographic variations and compare associations with other characteristics of the built environment as reported in the Smart Location Database. Areas with increases in high-visibility crosswalks focused on high density residential areas and areas with a higher percent of zero-vehicle households. However, geographic variations exist. For example, in San Francisco, transit station areas outside downtown or major corridors (South and Southwest of the city) had the lower prevalence of marked crosswalks. This analysis confirms important gaps in crosswalk visibility that call for safety enhancements and opens the door for additional research involving these data. We conclude by discussing the limitations and future research opportunities using computer vision to automatically detect large-scale transportation infrastructure changes at a relatively low cost.
【摘要翻译】
改善建筑环境以支持步行是提高城市可持续性和可步行性的一种流行策略。仅在过去的十年中，许多美国城市都实施了人行横道能见度提高计划，作为道路安全改善和主动交通计划的一部分。然而，目前还没有系统的方法来测量和监测影响一个地区的安全性和可步行性的关键建筑环境属性的存在，例如有标记的人行横道。此外，人们对这些属性在全国范围内如何随时间变化知之甚少。在本文中，我们介绍了一种创新的方法，使用基于深度学习的计算机视觉模型对街景图像进行识别，以识别14年来美国4000多个交通站点周围十字路口标记的人行横道的变化。我们发现十字路口有标记的人行横道的总数有所增加。此外，高能见度人行横道变得更加普遍，因为它们取代了现有的平行线人行横道。我们进一步研究了纽约市和旧金山交通车站周围的人行横道，以说明地理差异，并比较了智能位置数据库中报告的建筑环境的其他特征。增加高能见度人行横道的地区主要集中在高密度住宅区和无车家庭比例较高的地区。然而，地域差异是存在的。例如，在旧金山，市中心以外的交通车站或主要走廊(城市的南部和西南部)有标记的人行横道的流行率较低。这一分析证实了人行横道能见度的重要差距，需要加强安全措施，并为涉及这些数据的进一步研究打开了大门。最后，我们讨论了使用计算机视觉以相对较低的成本自动检测大规模交通基础设施变化的局限性和未来的研究机会。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221112157
【作者信息】
Meiqing Li，加州大学伯克利分校城市与区域规划专业的博士研究生。她的研究探索了美国和亚洲可持续交通、旅行行为和建筑环境的交集。
The temporality of on-street parking – exploring the role of land-use mix and change on parking dynamics
街道停车的暂时性——探讨土地利用混合度和变化对停车动态的影响作用
【摘要】
Parking is often overlooked by urban researchers even though parking consumes large proportions of a city’s physical footprint and imposes a significant impediment to more sustainable travel. Underpinning this lack of attention is suitable data and methods capable of capturing the complex dynamics of parking. Here we redress this gap by drawing on an emergent source of parking data and deploying empirical techniques to unpack this complexity. Data from 3542 on-street parking sensors observed over a 9-year period are used to delineate the first typology of parking routines before using a fixed-effects logistic regression model to explain how nearby land-use types and land-use mix shapes tempo and timing of parking utilisation. The benefit of our approach lies in its capacity to discriminate broad types of temporal rhythms associated with parking dynamics at particular places, how these change over time and how these rhythms are associated with different types and mixes of nearby land use. This knowledge is important to inform policies seeking to optimise the use of on-street parking and invoke more sustainable patterns of mobility.
【摘要翻译】
停车问题一直被城市研究人员所忽视，尽管停车占用了城市物理空间的很大一部分，并对更可持续的出行方式造成了重大阻碍。造成这种忽视的原因是缺乏能够捕捉停车复杂动态的合适数据和方法。我们通过利用新兴的停车数据来源和运用实证技术来揭示这种复杂性，来弥补这一差距。我们利用来自3542个停车传感器在9年期间内收集的数据，首先对停车常规进行分类，然后使用固定效应逻辑回归模型来解释附近土地利用类型和混合利用如何影响停车利用的速度和时间。我们的方法的优势在于能够区分与特定地方的停车动态相关的不同类型的时间节奏，这些节奏如何随时间变化，以及这些节奏与不同类型的混合利用有何关联。这一知识对于制定优化路边停车使用和倡导更可持续的出行模式的政策至关重要。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221112957
【作者信息】
安东尼·金普顿，昆士兰大学，圣卢西亚，澳大利亚州
多米尼克·斯泰德，阿尔托大学，阿尔托，芬兰
乔纳森·科科伦，昆士兰大学，布里斯班，澳大利亚
Urban form character and Airbnb in Amsterdam (NL): A morphometric approach
阿姆斯特丹的城市形态特征和Airbnb（NL）：一种形态测量方法
【摘要】
Proliferation of Short Term Rental (STR) in cities has generated considerable debate as it was found associated with negative externalities, such as gentrification. Nonetheless, it signals urban qualities working as attractors at different geographical scales. STRs’ relation with urban form remains largely understudied. In this paper, we explore how urban form relates to STRs registered by the Airbnb platform in Amsterdam (NL). First, we identify urban types (homogenous patterns of form) through an ‘urban morphometric’ approach. Second, we assess the relation between urban types and density of Airbnbs via a composite machine learning (ML) technique. Third, we provide profiles of the urban types most strongly associated with it. Fifteen urban types explain up to 44% of Airbnb density’s variance. Compact and diverse urban types relate more strongly with Airbnbs. Conversely, repetitive, sparse and uniform urban types are inversely related. The proposed morphometric-based method is robust, replicable and scalable, offering a novel way to study the intricate relation between urban form, STRs and, in fact, any other measurable urban dynamics at an unprecedented scale. By identifying spatial features related to urban attractiveness, it can inform evidence-based design codes incorporating place-making qualities in existing and new neighbourhoods.
【摘要翻译】
城市短期租赁的扩散已经引发了大量的争论，因为它与诸如再城市化的负面外部性有关。尽管如此，它也表明了城市品质在不同的地理尺度上作为吸引器的功能。与城市形态的关系仍然在很大程度上未得到研究。在这篇文章中，我们探索了阿姆斯特丹（荷兰）Airbnb平台上注册的短期租赁与城市形态的关系。首先，我们通过“城市形态计量学”方法识别了城市类型（形式模式单一）。其次，我们通过复合机器学习（ML）技术评估了城市类型与Airbnb密度的关系。第三，我们提供了与Airbnb密度最密切相关的城市类型的描述。十五种城市类型解释了高达44%的Airbnb密度的变化。紧凑和多样的城市类型与Airbnb关系更为密切。相反，重复、稀疏和统一的城市类型则呈负相关。提出的基于形态计量学的方法是稳健、可复制和可扩展的，提供了一种新的方法来研究城市形态、短期租赁以及实际上任何其他可衡量的城市动态之间的复杂关系，这在以前是前所未有的规模。通过识别与城市吸引力相关的空间特征，可以提供基于证据的设计准则，将创造地质量纳入现有的和新建立的邻里中。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221115196
【作者信息】
亚历山德罗·维纳尔迪，法国尼斯蔚蓝海岸大学ESPACE空间研究所；城市设计研究组（UDSU），英国格拉斯哥斯特拉斯克莱德大学；
阿列桑德罗·费利西蒂奥，城市设计研究组（UDSU），英国格拉斯哥斯特拉斯克莱德大学；
马丁·弗莱施曼，利物浦大学地理数据科学实验室；
卡拉米·库尔蒂特，荷兰开放大学；海尔伦荷兰；
塞尔吉奥·波塔，城市设计研究组（UDSU），英国格拉斯哥斯特拉斯克莱德大学。
Methods for neighbourhood Mapping, boundary agreement
邻域映射的方法、边界协议
【摘要】
Any analytical study of a neighbourhood must begin with an accurate definition of the geographic region that contains it. For a long time, there has been an interest in taking surveys of neighbourhood extents, but this can generate numerous haphazardly sketched polygons. Researchers typically face the challenges of using boundary polygons reported by each participant and unifying these polygons into one representative boundary. Over the years, several researchers have reported their findings on methods for unifying these boundaries. We present and compare the following five methods (two existing, one modified and two new): Dalton radial average, Bae–Montello average, a vectorised version of the Bae–Montello raster grid overlay, a vectorised derivative inspired by the Wenhao kernel density axis method maximum kernel density axis and a new k-medians clustering method. A crowd-sourced evaluation method is presented. N=42 raters ranked the five methods of aggregating real boundary data based on the results from three study areas. We found that the boundary aggregation method derived from the Bae–Montello grid, closely followed by the Dalton radial average method, provided the most reasonable results. This paper outlines the reasons for these results and illustrates how this knowledge may point to the ability of future algorithms to improve the presented methods. The paper ends with a recommendation that neighbourhood boundaries should utilise boundaries derived from the Bae–Montello raster grid overlay method and/or the Dalton radial average method to facilitate comparisons in the field.
【摘要翻译】
对一个街区的任何分析研究都必须首先对包含该街区的地理区域进行准确界定。长期以来，对街区范围的调查一直很感兴趣，但这种方法可能会产生许多随意勾画的多边形。研究人员通常面临挑战，需要使用每个参与者报告的边界多边形，并将这些多边形统一为一个具有代表性的边界。多年来，一些研究人员报告了他们关于如何统一这些边界的研究结果。我们介绍并比较了以下五种方法（两种现有方法、一种修改后的方法，两种新方法）：达尔顿径向平均值、Bae-Montello平均值、Bae-Montello栅格网格的矢量化版本叠加、受文昊核密度估计轴启发的一种矢量导数最大核密度轴和一种新的k-聚类方法。我们提出了一种众包评估方法。共有42名评分者根据来自三个研究区的结果对五种边界数据聚合方法进行了排名。我们发现，基于Bae-Montello网格的边界聚合方法，紧随其后的是达尔顿径向平均值方法，提供了最合理的结果。本文概述了这些结果的原因，并说明了这一知识如何能够指导未来的算法改进现有方法。最后，我们建议在划分街区边界时，应采用Bae-Montello栅格叠加方法和/或达尔顿径向平均值方法所导出的边界，以便在实地开展比较工作。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221115195
【作者信息】
尼古拉斯·D·达顿，CIS部门，英国纽卡斯尔大学，纽卡斯尔泰恩市；马克·哈里尔，CIS部门，英国纽卡斯尔大学，纽卡斯尔泰恩市。
Tracking plan implementation using elected officials’ social media communications and votes
通过选举官员的社交媒体沟通和投票来追踪计划的实施情况
【摘要】
Plans can only impact practice when elected officials adopt, enact, and approve funding for specific strategies. We explore ways to track implementation from the planning documents to elected officials’ priorities and to their voting patterns to identify the consistencies and gaps that may limit the impact of plans. We use Twitter data mining, text content analysis, and voting records from the digitized council minutes in Calgary, Alberta, between the 2017 municipal election and the last quarter of 2020. We connect the expressed preferences to votes for each councilor over the study period. On the two most salient topics—transit and affordable housing—those who expressed support on Twitter also supported investments. With one exception of an anti-tax councilor, over time, the rest of the councilors reached agreements on public investments (supra-local funding lightened the financial burdens for the city facilitating “yes”votes). Planners can derive meaningful information from the elected officials’ social media communication, such as concerns and support for specific planning initiatives, to promote successful plan implementation. This information can also enhance voters’ awareness of local officials’ views and actions on planning initiatives.
【摘要翻译】
只有当民选官员采纳、制定并批准为特定战略提供资金时，规划才能影响实践。我们探讨了如何追踪从规划文件到民选官员的优先事项，以及他们的投票模式，以确定可能限制规划影响力的连贯性和差距。我们使用了Twitter数据挖掘、文本内容分析以及卡尔加里阿尔伯塔省议会记录的数字化会议记录在2017年市政选举和2020年最后一个季度之间的投票记录。我们将每个议员在研究期间所表达的偏好与投票结果联系起来。在两个最突出的议题——公共交通和经济适用房——上，那些在Twitter上表示支持的人也支持投资。除了一个反对增税的议员外，其他议员随着时间的推移都就公共投资达成了协议（减轻了地方资金负担，为“赞成”票提供了便利）。规划师可以从民选官员的社交媒体交流中获取有意义的信息，例如对特定规划举措的关注和支持，以促进规划的成功实施。这些信息还可以增强选民对地方官员对规划举措的观点和行动的了解。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221118003
【作者信息】
阿尔伯特·通顺韩是韩国科学技术部土木与环境工程系城市与区域规划的助理教授。露西·劳瑞安是爱荷华大学规划与公共事务学院教授，院长。
How to harmonise variations in streetscape skeletons under zoning regulations: Considering their external diseconomies
如何在分区规定下协调街道景观骨架的多样性：考虑到其外部不经济性
【摘要】
The arrangement of buildings along roads creates one of the most fundamental patterns of three-dimensional streetscape skeletons, primarily defined as a set of building heights and setbacks in a district. Under zoning regulations, building heights and setbacks are indirectly controlled by the building coverage ratio (BCR) and the floor area ratio (FAR). Variations in the BCR result in variations in streetscape skeletons. Moderate complexity of streetscape skeletons is a necessary condition for aesthetic streetscape. Understanding the relationships between variations in the BCR, building heights and setbacks is thus important in order to harmonise streetscape skeletons, smaller variations in building heights, and setbacks, however, this relationship has yet to be theoretically investigated due to the complex relationship between buildings. The objective of this paper is therefore to formulate the relationship between variations in building heights and setbacks as a function of the standard deviation of BCR, and, based on this formulation, to discuss how to indirectly harmonise variations in streetscape skeletons under zoning regulations. This formulation enables us to analytically investigate the relationship between these two functions and the standard deviation of a BCR. An indirect scheme for harmonising variations in streetscape skeletons under zoning regulations is proposed on the basis of this formulation. The external diseconomies of inharmonious streetscape skeletons are quantitatively defined in order to incentivise plot owners to harmonise streetscape skeletons. The optimal building height and setback criteria are computed, which minimises the social cost of inharmonious building heights and building setbacks in a district. This scheme for incentivising plot owners to reduce their social costs is expected to contribute to indirectly harmonising streetscape.
【摘要翻译】
街道沿线的建筑布局形成了三维街道轮廓的基本模式之一，主要定义为区划规定中规定的建筑高度和退缩。建筑覆盖率（BCR）和建筑面积率（FAR）间接控制着建筑高度和退缩的变化。街道轮廓骨架的复杂性适中是美学街道轮廓的必要条件。因此，为了协调街道轮廓骨架、建筑高度和退缩的较小变化之间的关系，了解BCR、建筑高度和退缩之间的关系的理解非常重要。由于建筑之间的复杂关系，这种关系尚未从理论上进行调查。因此，本文的目的是将建筑高度和退缩的变化关系表述为BCR的标准偏差的函数，并基于该表述，讨论如何在区划规定下间接协调街道轮廓骨架的变化。该表述使我们能够分析研究这两种函数之间的关系以及BCR的标准偏差。基于这一表述提出了在区划规定下间接协调街道轮廓骨架变化的方案。为了量化不和谐的街道轮廓骨架的外部不经济性，以激励业主协调街道轮廓骨架，计算了最优建筑高度和退缩标准，这些标准在区划规定下可以最小化社会成本中不和谐的建筑高度和建筑退缩的社会成本。预期这一激励业主减少其社会成本的计划将有助于间接协调街道轮廓。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221116121
【作者信息】
浦上裕之（Hiroyuki Usui）于2014年从东京大学城市工程系获得博士学位，现在担任东京大学城市工程系助理教授。他的研究兴趣包括城市规划、城市形态和空间分析。他研究城市密度和城市形态的关系，已在《环境与城市规划B：城市分析和城市科学》、《计算机、环境和城市系统》、《国际地理信息科学杂志》和《地理系统期刊》等与空间分析相关的期刊上发表多篇论文。他为本科生和研究生讲授城市规划和地理信息系统课程。
Forecasting the urbanization dynamics in the Seoul metropolitan area using a long short-term memory–based model
基于长短期记忆模型的首都圈城市化动态预测
【摘要】
Over the past half century, the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) has experienced rapid urbanization. Urban development and population growth within the SMA have caused various problems, such as a lack of affordable housing, traffic congestion, and socioeconomic inequality between the SMA and the rest of the country. As a solution, growth control was adopted, but it resulted in increasing housing prices within Seoul. In late 2018, skyrocketing housing prices forced Seoul’s government to abandon its growth-control policy and announce large-scale “new-town” projects planned outside of the city’s urban growth boundary. The primary purpose of this research is to predict future urbanization dynamics by utilizing the long short-term memory (LSTM)–based prediction model. The secondary purpose is to identify the influential driving factors in urbanization that can help policy makers develop evidence-based, informed strategies. To predict future urbanization’s spatial patterns in the SMA, LSTM models have been estimated under two scenarios: (A) assuming that current urbanization trends and contributing factors will remain consistent in the future and (B) considering new development plans’ impacts. A comparison of the modeling results indicates that the government-driven new-town projects will help urbanize 55.8% more land by 2030. The variable influence analysis also reveals that strong growth-control measures may be necessary for areas with higher employment and homeownership rates to control rapid urbanization. However, housing supply and economic growth–related policies in Seoul’s suburbs would help attract the city’s population to the outskirts. The LSTM-based model yields an accurate and reliable spatial prediction in the form of visual maps, and its graphic results will assist policy makers greatly in developing effective strategies for smart urban growth management.
【摘要翻译】
在过去的半个世纪里，首都圈经历了快速的城市化进程。SMA区域内的城市发展和人口增长造成了各种各样的问题，如缺乏负担得起的住房、交通拥堵以及SMA区域与全国其他地区之间的社会经济不平等。作为对策，虽然采取了限制增长的措施，但结果却导致了首尔市内房价的上涨。2018年底，房价暴涨迫使首尔政府放弃了增长控制政策，宣布了在城市增长边界之外规划的大规模“新城”项目。本研究的主要目的是利用基于长短期记忆(LSTM)的预测模型来预测未来城市化的动态。第二个目的是确定城市化的影响驱动因素，帮助决策者制定循证、知情的战略。为了预测SMA未来城市化的空间格局，本文在两种情景下对LSTM模型进行了估算:(A)假设当前城市化趋势和影响因素在未来保持一致;(B)考虑新发展规划的影响。模型结果的对比表明，到2030年，政府推动的新城项目将使城市化土地增加55.8%。变量影响分析还表明，对于就业和住房拥有率较高的地区，可能需要采取强有力的增长控制措施来控制快速城市化。但是，首尔郊区的住房供应和经济增长相关政策将有助于吸引城市人口到郊区。基于lstm的模型以可视化地图的形式提供了准确可靠的空间预测，其图形结果将极大地帮助决策者制定有效的智慧城市增长管理战略。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221118002
【作者信息】
Jakyung Lee，韩国弘益大学城市设计与规划系的助理教授。2011年，他在宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)完成了城市规划硕士学位，并在德克萨斯农工大学(Texas A&M University)获得了城市与区域科学博士学位。他的研究领域包括土地利用规划、空间大数据分析和深度学习建模。
Digital traces: Mapping Bogotá’s unmapped transit network using smartphones and networked databases
数字痕迹：利用智能手机和联网数据库绘制波哥大未被发现的公共交通网络图谱
【摘要】
New tools have enabled “civic hackers” and transportation researchers to map previously uncharted transit networks previously confined to the purview of locals and insiders. These new datasets reveal the extent of these systems and their role in providing access to the city. In this paper, we describe the methodology regarding the mapping process of Bogotá’s semi-formal SITP Provisional bus system, accomplished using smartphones, cloud-based data management systems, and GIS software. By visualizing the semi-formal SITP Provisional system alongside the centrally planned bus system, we provide the first complete picture of Bogotá’s transit system. We also develop two types of data analysis based on General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data generated from this mapping process. Using spatial algorithms, we identify parallelism between the semi-formal transit routes and the formal transit network. We then visualize the degree of access to job opportunities that each system provides. We find that integrating semi-formal and formal transit services, that is, the entire network, increases accessibility levels for workers, especially at urban peripheries. Results suggest the importance of considering semi-formal transit services in transportation planning, the services often neglected in the planning process, and the advantages of integrating them into the network to increase accessibility to opportunity areas. We recommend that other cities harness GPS-enabled apps to map transit systems, generate GTFS data, and empower local actors to make use of the data. Based on this bottom-up approach, semi-formal transit networks can provide additional inputs for urban transportation planning processes regarding the transportation user´s accessibility needs.
【摘要翻译】
新的工具使得“公民黑客”和交通研究人员能够绘制以前未知的、以前仅限于当地人和内行人的交通网络图。这些新的数据集揭示了这些系统的规模及其在提供城市交通方面的作用。在这篇论文中，我们描述了使用智能手机、基于云的数据库管理系统和GIS软件完成波哥大半正式的SITP临时公交系统的绘制过程的方法学。通过将半正式的SITP临时系统与中央规划的公交系统进行可视化比较，我们提供了波哥大交通系统的第一张完整图片。我们还根据从绘制过程中生成的通用交通规范数据（GTFS）开发了两种类型的数据分析。使用空间算法，我们识别出半正式的交通路线和正式交通网络之间的平行关系，并可视化每个系统提供的就业机会程度。我们发现整合半正式和正式的交通服务，即整个网络，可以增加工人可达性水平，特别是在城市外围地区。结果表明，在交通规划中考虑半正式的交通服务非常重要，这些服务经常在规划过程中被忽视，而且将它们整合到网络中可以增加对机会区域的可达性。我们建议其他城市利用支持GPS的应用程序来绘制交通系统、生成GTFS数据并授权当地参与者使用这些数据。基于这种自下而上的方法，半正式的交通网络可以为城市交通规划过程提供关于交通用户可达性需求的额外输入。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221117831
【作者信息】
C. Erik Vergel-Tovar 是安第斯大学建筑系助理教授，在北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校获得城市和区域规划专业博士学位（美国），在伊利诺伊理工学院获得城市管理和发展专业优秀硕士学位（荷兰鹿特丹）。他是哥伦比亚大学城市规划专业博士。D. Eric Goldwyn 是纽约大学马龙研究所交通和土地利用项目的助理教授，也是城市管理项目的主任。他来自麻省理工学院土木工程和城市规划专业。
E. Jonathan Leape 是建筑环境项目和政策的客户咨询专家，毕业于麻省理工学院土木工程和城市规划专业。
Comparison of precise and approximated building height: Estimation from number of building storeys and spatial variations in the Tokyo metropolitan region
精确和近似的建筑高度的比较：从建筑楼层数和东京都市区的空间变化来估算
【摘要】
Precise building height is indispensable for evaluating variability in building heights. However, relevant data are not always available. Conventionally, building height is approximated as the product of the number of building storeys and floor height, called approximated building height. However, there is no consensus on how floor height, a key determinant of approximated building height, should be set. In Japan, increasingly precise building height data are becoming available as an open 3D urban model. This provides the motivation for answering the following research questions, in the context of the Tokyo metropolitan region: (1) What is the difference between approximated and precise building height? (2) How should we set floor height to minimise the difference between approximated and precise building height? The results show that (1) the average difference is −3.46 m if floor height, c, is 5 m, −0.87 m if c is 4 m and 1.71 m if c is 3 m; (2) c = 4 can effectively estimate building height from the number of storeys; and (3) the greatest difference between approximated and precise building height is spatially clustered where commercial zones and industrial zones are allocated, with their degree being dependent on how floor height is set. Furthermore, it is found that (1) in commercial zones and industrial districts, the optimal floor height, defined as the optimal solution which minimises the sum of squared differences between approximated and precise building height, is greater than 4 m; (2) in mid/high rise residential districts, the optimal floor height ranges from 3 to 3.4 m; and (3) in low-rise residential districts, the optimal floor height ranges from 3.5 to 3.9 m. The findings of this paper can help urban planners find the optimal floor height in each district and understand spatial variations in building and floor heights.
【摘要翻译】
建筑高度的精确度对于评估建筑高度的变化是不可或缺的。然而，相关数据并不总是可用的。传统上，建筑高度被近似为楼层数和楼高的乘积，称为近似建筑高度。然而，关于楼高作为近似建筑高度的一个关键决定因素的设定方式，并没有达成共识。在日本，随着开放3D城市模型的普及，建筑高度的精确度数据正在变得越来越可用。这为回答东京都市区的以下研究问题提供了动机：(1)近似建筑高度与精确建筑高度之间的差异是什么？(2)我们应该如何设定楼高以最小化近似建筑高度与精确建筑高度的差异？结果表明：(1)当楼高c为5米时，平均差异为-3.46米；当c为4米时，平均差异为-0.87米；当c为3米时，平均差异为1.71米；(2)c=4可以有效地从楼层数中估计建筑高度；(3)近似建筑高度与精确建筑高度的最大差异在商业区和工业区分配的地方聚集，其程度取决于楼高的设定方式。此外，发现：(1)在商业区和工业区，最优楼高定义为近似和精确建筑高度平方差之和最小的最优解决方案，大于4米；(2)在中/高层住宅区，最优楼高范围为3到3.4米；(3)在低层住宅区，最优楼高范围为3.5到3.9米。本文的研究结果可以帮助城市规划者确定每个地区的最佳楼高，并了解建筑和楼高的空间变化。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221116117
【作者信息】
浦上裕之（Hiroyuki Usui）于2014年从东京大学城市工程系获得博士学位，现在担任东京大学城市工程系助理教授。他的研究兴趣包括城市规划、城市形态和空间分析。他研究城市密度和城市形态的关系，并在《环境与规划B：城市分析》和《计算机、环境与城市系统》、《国际地理信息科学杂志》和《地理系统期刊》等空间分析相关期刊上发表论文。他为本科生和研究生讲授城市规划和地理信息系统课程。Towards a 15-minute city: A network-based evaluation framework
迈向15分钟城市:基于网络的评估框架
【摘要】
Developing 15-minute cities, where people can access to living essentials within a 15-minute trip, has become a global effort. In addition to practical exercise, researchers have paid attention to the evaluation of 15-minute cities using home-based accessibility approaches. However, existing approaches do not account for human mobility, an important indicator of how people access and interact with urban amenities. In this study, we propose a novel network-based framework that assesses a 15-minute city considering human mobility patterns. We assume that there exists an optimal mobility network, which would maximize human mobility under the constraints of the current distribution of amenities. Locations where the provision of urban amenities does not match local needs are first identified based on the comparison between optimal mobility patterns and their actual counterparts. Built environment, demographic, and network structure factors that contribute to identified mismatch issues are then examined. The empirical study of Nanjing, China, suggests that the proposed framework could enable a dynamic evaluation of 15-minute cities and could provide important insights on policies and intervention strategies of planning and developing 15-minute cities.
【摘要翻译】
发展15分钟城市，人们可以在15分钟的行程内获得生活必需品，已经成为一项全球性的努力。除了实践练习，研究人员还关注了基于家庭的可达性方法对15分钟城市的评价。然而，现有的方法并没有考虑到人类的流动性，这是人们如何使用城市设施并与之互动的一个重要指标。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新的基于网络的框架来评估一个考虑人类流动模式的15分钟城市。我们假设存在一个最优的交通网络，在现有便利设施分布的约束下，使人类的流动性最大化。首先，根据最佳流动模式与实际对应模式的比较，确定城市便利设施不符合当地需求的地点。建筑环境，人口统计和网络结构因素，有助于确定的不匹配问题，然后检查。南京市的实证研究表明，该框架可以对15分钟城市进行动态评估，并为15分钟城市规划和发展的政策和干预策略提供重要见解。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221118570
【作者信息】
Feng Zhen，南京大学建筑与城市规划学院教授，江苏省智慧城市设计仿真与可视化省工程实验室主任。他的研究专长包括城市地理学、城市、城市和区域规划以及智慧城市。
Allocating synthetic population to a finer spatial scale: An integer quadratic programming formulation
将合成人口分配到更精细的空间尺度：整数二次规划的表述形式
【摘要】
Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are being increasingly used to evaluate urban systems, urban policies and environmental impacts. One prerequisite for using the ABM framework consists of generating a synthetic population representative of the actual population, featuring the appropriate attributes with respect to model objectives. A precise spatial positioning of the synthetic population agents is often key to ensuring ABM modeling quality. This paper considers the problem of allocating synthetic population agents to a finer spatial scale. Such an allocation process is performed from a higher-level statistical area where a synthetic population can be generated, that is, a container statistical area (CSA), to several nested non-overlapping elementary statistical areas (ESAs), where only marginals are available. This allocation step relies not only on common attributes between CSA and ESA, but also on additional discriminatory attributes, that is, attributes of interest, estimated from external data sources. The case study examined herein is based on French census and fiscal data. Common attributes include eight socio-demographic variables, totaling 17 modalities. An additional attribute of interest, that is, income, has also been added. The allocation problem at hand is modeled as an integer quadratic programming problem. An exact algorithm is first applied to solve the problem; the applicability of this algorithm proves to be limited to small-size synthetic populations. A heuristic is proposed to handle the allocation of larger-size synthetic populations. Tests carried out on the case study show that this heuristic yields near-optimal solutions; it is also computationally efficient and may fulfill the needs of a majority of users.
【摘要翻译】
基于代理模型的模型（ABMs）越来越多地被用于评估城市系统、城市政策和环境影响。使用ABM框架的一个先决条件是生成代表实际人口的合成人口，具有与模型目标相关的适当属性。合成人口代理的精确空间定位通常对确保ABM建模质量至关重要。本文考虑将合成人口代理分配到更精细的空间尺度的问题。这种分配过程从可以生成合成人口的更高层次的统计区域（CSA）开始，即容器统计区域（CSA），到只有边缘数据的嵌套的非重叠的基本统计区域（ESAs）。这种分配步骤不仅取决于CSA和ESA之间的共同属性，还取决于额外的区分属性，即从外部数据源估计的兴趣属性。这里所研究的案例研究基于法国的人口普查和财政数据。共同属性包括八个社会人口变量，共计17个模式。此外还添加了一个感兴趣的附加属性，即收入。当前面临的分配问题被建模为一个整数二次规划问题。首先应用一个精确算法来解决这个问题；该算法的适用性证明仅适用于规模较小的合成人口。为了处理更大规模的合成人口，提出了一种启发式方法。对案例研究的测试表明，该启发式方法可获得近最优解决方案；它也具有较高的计算效率，可能满足大多数用户的需求。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221120019
【作者信息】
Boyam Fabrice Yameogo，AME-EASE，古斯塔夫埃菲尔大学，IFSTTAR，布格奈，法国Pierre Hankach，法国环境与能源管理局，法国
Pierre-Olivier Vandanjon，SNCF TER Mobilités Pays de la Loire，南特，法国
Pascal Gastineau，布基纳法索瓦加杜古约瑟夫基泽博大学人口科学高等研究所(ISSP)
How applicable are scaling laws in predicting slum populations in urban systems? Evidence from India
比例尺法在预测城市系统中的贫民窟人口方面有多适用？来自印度的证据
【摘要】
Recently, we have seen new developments in our understanding of the emergence and organization of cities and urban systems, including application of scaling laws to urban areas. A recent wave of studies has observed consistent behavior of multiple urban measures that scale with city size across geographic and sectoral contexts. However, the extant evidence is lacking in two important ways: first, a wide variety of urban measures still remain unexplored, and second, there is limited evidence from developing countries. This paper offers new evidence on both these fronts: i) applying scaling laws to predict slum population in cities, an urban measure that remains largely unexplored, and ii) applying them in the context of a developing country, India. Results suggest that population alone is not sufficient to predict slum population in India. Conversely, I use empirical results from scaling laws to test established slum growth theories that have influenced policymaking globally for decades, despite having limited empirical evidence to support them. I also show that scaling exponents are sensitive to the way we define urban systems, of which cities are a part, an issue that has been raised in the ongoing methodological debate on urban scaling laws. I believe that findings presented in this paper have implications for advancement of slum theories as well as urban scaling laws by offering new empirical evidence and mechanisms through which such scaling might happen in the context of slums.
【摘要翻译】
最近，我们对城市和城市体系的出现和组织有了新的认识，包括应用规模定律到城市地区。最近一波研究观察到多种城市措施在地理和部门背景下随着城市规模而变化的连贯行为。然而，现有的证据存在两个重要缺陷：首先，各种各样的城市措施仍然有待探索；其次，来自发展中国家的证据有限。本文在这两个方面提供了新的证据：一）应用规模定律来预测城市贫民窟的人口，这是一个仍待探索的城市措施；二）在一个发展中国家，即印度的情况下应用这些定律。结果表明，仅人口不足以预测印度的贫民窟人口。相反，我使用规模定律的实证结果来检验几十年来一直影响全球决策制定的贫民窟增长理论，尽管这些理论的支持证据有限。我还表明，规模指数对我们如何定义城市系统是敏感的，城市是城市系统的一部分，关于城市规模定律的方法论辩论中提出了这个问题。我认为，本文提出的发现不仅为贫民窟理论和城市规模定律的发展提供了新的经验证据和机制，而且通过展示这种规模在贫民窟环境中是如何实现的，提供了新的实证证据。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221122793
【作者信息】
阿米特·佩特尔，波士顿大学公共政策与公共事务学院，美国马萨诸塞州波士顿市。
TTS2016R: A data set to study population and employment patterns from the 2016 Transportation Tomorrow Survey in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area, Ontario, Canada
TTS2016R：用于研究加拿大安大略省大黄金马蹄地区2016年交通运输未来调查中的人口和就业模式的数据集
【摘要】
This paper describes and visualises the data contained within the {TTS2016R} data package created in R, the statistical computing and graphics language. {TTS2016R} contains home-to-work commute information for the Greater Golden Horseshoe area in Canada retrieved from the 2016 Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS). Included are all Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ), the number of people who are employed full-time per TAZ, the number of jobs per TAZ, the count of origin destination (OD) pairs and trips by mode per origin TAZ, calculated car travel time from TAZ OD centroid pairs and associated spatial boundaries to link TAZ to the Canadian Census. To illustrate how this information can be analysed to understand patterns in commuting, we estimate a distance-decay curve (i.e. impedance function) for the region. {TTS2016R} is a growing open data product built on R infrastructure that allows for the immediate access of home-to-work commuting data alongside complimentary objects from different sources. The package will continue expanding with additions by the authors and the community at-large by requests in the future. {TTS2016R} can be freely explored and downloaded in the associated Github repository where the documentation and code involved in data creation, manipulation and all open data products are detailed.
【摘要翻译】
本文描述并可视化了在R语言中创建的{TTS2016R}数据包所包含的数据，{TTS2016R}是一种统计计算和图形语言，包含加拿大黄金马蹄洲地区从家到工作通勤信息，这些信息来自2016年未来交通调查（TTS）。其中包括所有交通分析区（TAZ），每个TAZ的全职就业人数，每个TAZ的工作数量，按起源TAZ计算的源目的（OD）对和出行方式数量，从TAZ OD中心对计算的车程时间和相关空间边界，以将TAZ与加拿大人口普查联系起来。为了说明如何分析这些信息以了解通勤模式，我们估计了该地区的距离衰减曲线（即阻抗函数）。{TTS2016R}是一种不断增长的在R基础设施上的开放数据产品，它允许立即访问从不同来源的补充对象到家的通勤数据。该软件包将继续扩展，由作者和整个社区通过请求添加。{TTS2016R}可以在相关Github存储库中自由探索和下载，该存储库提供了数据创建、操作和所有开放数据产品的详细文档和代码。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221146781
【作者信息】
阿纳斯塔西娅·索霍夫是麦克马斯特大学地球、环境与社会学院的一名博士研究生。她拥有土木工程专业的硕士学位和专长于交通的学士学位。她对开放和可重复研究、空间分析以及城市地区公平的客运和住房持积极态度。
安东尼奥·帕埃斯是麦克马斯特大学地球、环境与社会学院的终身教授。最近的研究包括无障碍性研究、定性变量的空间分析、老龄化和流动性、交通和社会排斥、建筑和社会环境对出行行为的影响、社会网络和决策、远程工作采纳、医疗保健提供和趋势等。帕埃斯发表了大量的著作，是超过150篇论文的作者或合著者，其中许多发表在领先的国际期刊上。他目前担任《地理系统期刊》的主编，并担任《运输》、《运输地理学》、《地理分析》和《国际地理信息科学期刊》等期刊的编委。
Visual analytics of graffiti spatial patterns across 30 European city centres
欧洲30个市中心涂鸦空间模式的可视化分析
【摘要】
Graffiti as an urban phenomenon comes in different forms and materials, from simple spray slogans to wall paintings and art, containing multi-thematic content. Despite the contradictory nature of various literature opinions, reports of a positive association between wall-graffiti and fear of crime or streetscape value have emerged. However, comparative urban studies registering graffiti locations are non-existent, thereby hindering the benchmarking of urban liveability. In this work, the spatial patterns of graffiti-vandalism across 30 European city centres were investigated, using Google Street View–derived observations. A significant variation in graffiti presence across Europe was recorded, ranging from about 3%–9% of street segments in London, Oslo and Vienna, to roughly 70%–76% in Madrid, Athens and Sofia. In addition, their spatial polarisation that reflects the presence of potential socio-spatial inequities requiring further attention was demonstrated. Overall, the created geo-visualisations could enable European policymakers to facilitate better-informed response strategies and researchers to delve into the effects of graffities on urban systems and societies.
【摘要翻译】
作为城市现象的涂鸦，其形式和材料多种多样，从简单的喷涂口号到壁画和艺术，包含多种主题内容。尽管各种文学观点存在矛盾，但有报道称涂鸦与犯罪恐惧或街道景观价值之间存在积极关联。然而，记录涂鸦位置的比较性城市研究并不存在，从而阻碍了对城市宜居性的基准评估。在此工作中，利用谷歌街景得出的观察数据，对30个欧洲市中心涂鸦损坏的空间模式进行了调查。记录了欧洲涂鸦存在情况的显著差异，范围从伦敦、奥斯陆和维也纳大约3%到9%的街道段，到马德里、雅典和索菲亚大约70%到76%。此外，还显示了其空间极化现象，反映了潜在的社会空间不公平现象的存在，需要进一步关注。总体而言，创建的地理可视化可以促使欧洲政策制定者制定更好的对策策略，并促使研究人员深入研究涂鸦对城市系统和社会的影响。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221149426
【作者信息】
亚历山大·巴尔兹洛斯卡斯（Alexandros Bartzokas-Tsiompras）是希腊雅典国家技术大学地理实验室的博士后研究员，他的研究兴趣主要集中在可持续城市交通、城市地理和城市数据上。目前，他正在研究可达性和障碍消除计划。艾莱夫特里娅·康斯坦丁尼迪（Eleftheria Konstantinidou）（MSc）是雅典国家技术大学的建筑工程师和博士研究生，她的研究利用GIS工具和计算方法进行数字人文研究。
Visualizing the pattern of origin of international visitors to Beijing and Shanghai based on mobile phone data
基于手机数据可视化北京、上海国际游客来源地格局
【摘要】
There is a long tradition of understanding globalization by measuring the “world city-ness”, and there are two distinctive frameworks concerning the interrelations of the “world city network”, one of which builds upon the notion of worldwide corporate organizations and the other on the infrastructure of transport. Despite that, more studies on a single city are still required, since most cities participated in the globalization process on their own terms. Thus, the aim of this study is to visualize the patterns of origins of foreign visitors using data from mobile phones in order to better understand how China's global cities contribute to globalization in a cartogram. It is found that the strength of Shanghai’s global connections are concentrated overtly in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, but Beijing still has the dominant role in sustaining China’s global links.
【摘要翻译】
在运输基础设施上。尽管如此，仍然需要对单个城市进行更多的研究，因为大多数城市都以自己的方式参与了全球化进程。因此，本研究的目的是利用手机数据可视化外国游客的来源模式，以便更好地了解中国的全球城市如何在地图上为全球化做出贡献。研究发现，上海全球联系的力量明显集中在亚太地区的国家，但北京在维持中国的全球联系方面仍发挥着主导作用。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221147529
【作者信息】
Yang XIAO，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授。他在英国卡迪夫大学获得城市规划博士学位。他的兴趣主要集中在建筑环境与人类行为的大数据挖掘和交互。
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